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Dysarthria (Spastic Dysarthria)

Disorders of speech articulation caused by imperfect coordination of pharynx, larynx, tongue, or face muscles. This may result from CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; CEREBELLAR DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; BRAIN STEM diseases; or diseases of the corticobulbar tracts (see PYRAMIDAL TRACTS). The cortical language centers are intact in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p489)

Also Known As:

Spastic Dysarthria; Dysarthosis; Dysarthria, Flaccid; Dysarthria, Guttural; Dysarthria, Mixed; Dysarthria, Scanning; Dysarthria, Spastic; Dysarthoses; Dysarthrias; Dysarthrias, Flaccid; Dysarthrias, Guttural; Dysarthrias, Mixed; Dysarthrias, Scanning; Dysarthrias, Spastic; Flaccid Dysarthria; Flaccid Dysarthrias; Guttural Dysarthria; Guttural Dysarthrias; Mixed Dysarthria; Mixed Dysarthrias; Scanning Dysarthria; Scanning Dysarthrias; Spastic Dysarthrias

Networked: 508 relevant articles (29 outcomes, 35 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Deglutition Disorders (Dysphagia)
2.	Paresis (Hemiparesis)
3.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease)
4.	Ataxia (Dyssynergia)
5.	Gait Ataxia

Experts

1.	Pinto, Serge: 6 articles (01/2015 - 09/2004)
2.	Miller, Nick: 6 articles (05/2013 - 01/2009)
3.	Robson, Sheila: 4 articles (05/2013 - 01/2009)
4.	Pennington, Lindsay: 4 articles (05/2013 - 01/2009)
5.	Murdoch, Bruce E: 4 articles (09/2012 - 07/2002)
6.	Morgan, Angela T: 3 articles (12/2013 - 08/2010)
7.	Steen, Nick: 3 articles (05/2013 - 04/2010)
8.	Walshe, Margaret: 3 articles (01/2013 - 09/2009)
9.	Tripoliti, Elina: 3 articles (11/2011 - 09/2004)
10.	Hughes, T: 3 articles (01/2005 - 01/2001)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Dysarthria:

1.	Levodopa (L Dopa)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2003 - "Postural instability, dysarthria, and cognitive impairment continued to worsen, despite STN stimulation and levodopa treatment. " 02/01/1989 - "In contrast, strong correlations were found between all neuropsychological test scores and axial symptoms such as gait disorder and dysarthria, which respond little if at all to levodopa treatment. " 09/01/1987 - "In contrast, the aggravation of gait disorder, postural instability, and dysarthria was more severe, with decreased percentage of improvement on levodopa in patients with longer evolution. " 09/01/2002 - "Most studies in animal models and clinico-pathological and mortality studies in humans failed to show evidence in favour of accelerated dopaminergic neuronal loss with long-term L-dopa therapy.L-dopa continues to be beneficial throughout the course of PD, although as the disease progresses, escape of some symptoms from adequate control may occur and refractory disabilities such as impaired balance, dysarthria, cognitive decline and hallucinations may emerge. " 03/01/2015 - "Droolers had higher levodopa equivalent daily doses, higher incidences of dysarthria, dysphagia and fluctuation, higher scores for the UPDRS part III, NMSS, HAMD and HAMA, and higher scores for the mobility, activities of daily life, stigma and communication subdomains of the PDQ-39 than the non-droolers (p < 0.05). "
2.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2001 - "The patient's complaints, including dysarthria, improved after carbamazepine treatment." 01/01/2014 - "Treatment with carbamazepine resulted in the complete reversal of the paroxysmal ataxia and dysarthria. " 09/01/1990 - "We report a case of a patient who attained toxic carbamazepine serum concentrations (ranging from 18.2 to 21.5 micrograms/mL) two days after cardiothoracic surgery and an intraoperative myocardial infarction, and experienced lethargy, diplopia, dysarthria, diaphoresis, and horizontal and downgaze nystagmus. " 11/01/2000 - "The neurologic signs and symptoms of carbamazepine and phenytoin toxicity, such as ataxia, dysarthria, and nystagmus, are well known. " 03/01/2011 - "Examples of such causal therapy include aminopyridines for downbeat nystagmus and episodic ataxia type 2; carbamazepine for vestibular paroxysmia, paroxsymal dysarthria and ataxia in multiple sclerosis, and superior oblique myokymia; betahistine, dexamethasone, and gentamicin for Menière's disease; gabapentin and memantine for different forms of acquired and congenital nystagmus; corticosteroids for acute vestibular neuritis and Cogan's syndrome; metoprolol and topiramate for vestibular migraine; and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as paroxetine for phobic postural vertigo. "
3.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1992 - "Immediate withdrawal of cyclosporine at the onset of a change in mental status or dysarthria and improvement in intra- and postoperative management may have contributed to the decreased incidence of neurological complications." 11/01/1998 - "Three liver transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine developed a reversible neurologic syndrome characterized by early dysarthria, which evolved to anarthria, and tetraparesis. " 11/01/1998 - "Therefore, cyclosporine may cause central pontine myelinolysis, being dysarthria the first manifestation of neurotoxicity. " 11/01/2002 - "In patients receiving cyclosporin and tacrolimus, headache, tremors, dysarthria, seizures and delirium are the most common disorders and are not always related to toxic drug concentrations or overdosage. " 03/01/1997 - "He had been treated for Behçet uveitis using cyclosporine and colchicine during the past 5 years, and he acutely presented with fever and headache, followed left hemiparesis, dysarthria and dysphagia. "
4.	Tacrolimus (Prograf)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2011 - "However, the patient still has moderate dysarthria more than 2 years after tacrolimus discontinuation. " 02/01/2014 - "The symptoms of vertigo and dysarthria were improved a little after surgical operation and treatments of γ-globulin, steroid pulse and tacrolimus hydrate. " 11/01/2011 - "The Naranjo probability scale revealed a probable adverse reaction of mutism and dysarthria associated with tacrolimus therapy. " 10/01/1996 - "Dysarthria and apraxia of speech associated with FK-506 (tacrolimus)." 11/01/2011 - "We report a case of mutism with persistent dysarthria in a patient receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppression following allogeneic liver transplantation. "
5.	Paroxetine (Paxil)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2011 - "Paroxetine-induced dysarthria in a 42-year-old man with pathologic laughing." 01/30/2007 - "The symptoms were initially regarded as further manifestations of her somatic symptoms of depression, and paroxetine was increased to 30 mg/day resulting in frequent clonus, increased shivering, serious dysarthria, ongoing impairment in visual acuity and agitation. " 01/30/2007 - "Ten mg/day of paroxetine rechallenge provoked dysarthria, tremor and headache, but these symptoms improved again upon paroxetine discontinuation. " 03/01/2011 - "Examples of such causal therapy include aminopyridines for downbeat nystagmus and episodic ataxia type 2; carbamazepine for vestibular paroxysmia, paroxsymal dysarthria and ataxia in multiple sclerosis, and superior oblique myokymia; betahistine, dexamethasone, and gentamicin for Menière's disease; gabapentin and memantine for different forms of acquired and congenital nystagmus; corticosteroids for acute vestibular neuritis and Cogan's syndrome; metoprolol and topiramate for vestibular migraine; and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as paroxetine for phobic postural vertigo. "
6.	antineoplaston A10 (A 10)IBA 02/01/1993 - "The present communication concerns a 46 year old woman with a 10 year history of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) in whom external application of magnetic fields (MF) (7.5 picoTesla; 5 Hz) during a period of remission resulted in a rapid and dramatic improvement in symptoms including vision, cerebellar symptomatology (ataxia and dysarthria), mood, sleep, bowel and bladder functions as well as fatigue. " 09/01/2002 - "As a differential diagnosis, we report a 10 year-old boy who had long episodes of abdominal pain accompanied by blurring of vision, vertigo, gait ataxia, dysarthria, acroparesthesias and vomiting. " 06/01/1994 - "A 68 year old man with a 10 year history of apparently benign IgM kappa paraproteinaemia presented with dysarthria, left hemiparesis, and a sensory peripheral neuropathy. "
7.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 09/01/2008 - "This is a report about an immunocompetent 4-year-old female child affected with acute encephalitis by parvovirus B19, documented by polymerase chain reaction performed on cerebrospinal fluid, who was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and dexamethasone and who developed a cerebellar syndrome with ataxia, dysmetria, and dysarthria. " 03/01/2000 - "Assuming intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) to also be effective in CPM, 0.4 g/kg body weight/d immunoglobulins were applied to a 48-year-old patient who developed CPM with double vision, dysarthria, dysphagia, and left-sided hemiparesis 3 weeks after spontaneous normalization of hyponatremia. "
8.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "After treated with prednisone, the symptoms of dysphagia, dysarthria and neck muscle weakness were significantly improved, and the second biopsy showed only mitochondrial myopathy pathology but the inflammations disappeared. " 03/01/2012 - "A 23-year-old Native American woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus and erosive polyarthritis treated with prednisone and etanercept presented with focal weakness, hemiataxia, diplopia, and dysarthria. "
9.	Piracetam (Nootropil)IBA 11/01/2011 - "Piracetam-induced dysarthria: an unusual complication of antithrombotic prophylaxis after toe to finger transfer." 11/01/1996 - "Piracetam also had positive benefits on gait ataxia and convulsions but not on dysarthria, and feeding and hand writing improved much more significantly. "
10.	Methylprednisolone FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2007 - "After intravenous administration of methylprednisolone diplopia and dysarthria resolved within 3 weeks. " 06/01/2009 - "Several courses of methylprednisolone therapies followed by maintenance therapy with low-dose steroid, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and antihypertensives improved the proteinuria and dysarthria but not the urinary incontinence or dementia. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Language Therapy (Language Training) 01/01/2005 - "To determine the efficacy of speech and language therapy interventions for adults with dysarthria following non-progressive brain damage. " 02/01/2002 - "To determine the efficacy of speech and language therapy interventions for adults with dysarthria following nonprogressive brain damage. " 01/01/2002 - "To determine the efficacy of speech and language therapy interventions for adults with dysarthria following non-progressive brain damage. " 01/01/2001 - "To determine the efficacy of speech and language therapy interventions for adults with dysarthria following non-progressive brain damage. " 11/01/2010 - "This confirmation, along with the details of speech and language therapy practice, provides a foundation for clinical research which will compare outcomes for people with dysarthria, whose management includes and does not include NSOMExs. "
2.	Speech Therapy (Therapy, Speech) 09/01/2009 - "The results of this study indicate that elements of Smooth Speech Therapy may prove effective in the treatment of ataxic dysarthria, particularly in the treatment of prosodic defects." 01/01/2015 - "Although speech therapy is effective in handling PD dysarthria, behavioral speech rehabilitation in PD still needs further validation." 09/01/2013 - "Task-oriented approach for speech therapy is effective in treating patients with spastic dysarthria. " 02/24/2014 - "The purpose of this work is to review the motor disorders affecting speech in flaccid dysarthria, together with its functional evaluation and speech therapy interventions. " 09/01/2013 - "The outcomes of speech therapy were measured by the Frenchay dysarthria assessment (FDA). "
3.	Psychology Biofeedback (Biofeedback) 01/01/1999 - "The results of the study demonstrated that real-time continuous visual biofeedback techniques for modifying speech breathing patterns were not only effective, but superior to the traditional therapy techniques for modifying abnormal speech breathing patterns in a child with persistent dysarthria following severe TBI. " 08/01/2015 - "Effect of visual biofeedback of posterior tongue movement on articulation rehabilitation in dysarthria patients." 01/01/1994 - "An EMG biofeedback technique was developed for the treatment of dysarthria. " 01/01/1994 - "EMG biofeedback in the treatment of dysarthria." 05/01/1985 - "A microcomputer-based wearable biofeedback device to improve transfer of treatment in parkinsonian dysarthria."
4.	Dental Articulators (Articulator) 09/01/2014 - "Automatic speech recognition (ASR) can be very helpful for speakers who suffer from dysarthria, a neurological disability that damages the control of motor speech articulators. " 09/01/2012 - "The findings of the present study contradict theories that suggest that the clinical features of hypokinetic dysarthria, including articulatory imprecision, are the outcome of restrictions in the range of movement of the muscles of the articulators. " 02/01/2000 - "Electromagnetic articulography (EMA), a technique that uses alternating magnetic fields to track the movement of miniature receiver coils affixed to the articulators, was used to assess the speed and accuracy of tongue movements exhibited by an individual with dysarthria following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). " 10/01/2009 - "The characteristics of dysarthria following ataxia have been well-documented, but less is known about the consequences of ataxia for sign language, which uses the hands and arms as articulators. "
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 07/01/2008 - "Eight months following transplantation, he presented with progressive dysarthria, cognitive and visual decline. " 09/01/2012 - "His neurological status prior to transplantation reflected early signs of neurological disease, with evidence of dysarthria, weakness, mild gait impairment, and limb ataxia. " 05/01/1993 - "Dysarthria and cerebellar ataxia: late occurrence of severe neurotoxicity in a liver transplant recipient." 12/01/2004 - "Two weeks after transplantation, dysarthria and right hemiparesis began to resolve, and CT showed spontaneous resolution of the hematoma. " 12/01/2004 - "Nine days before the scheduled transplantation, she developed dysarthria and right hemiparesis; computed tomography (CT) of the brain disclosed an acute hematoma in the left parietal lobe exceeding 3 cm in diameter. "