Dynorphins (Dynorphin)

A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.

Also Known As:

Networked: 598 relevant articles (18 outcomes, 60 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Porreca, Frank: 20 articles (01/2015 - 06/2002)
2.	Lai, Josephine: 18 articles (01/2015 - 06/2002)
3.	Ossipov, Michael H: 13 articles (11/2010 - 06/2002)
4.	Bakalkin, Georgy: 11 articles (09/2015 - 05/2004)
5.	Lai, J: 11 articles (01/2004 - 01/2000)
6.	Porreca, F: 11 articles (01/2004 - 01/2000)
7.	Malan, T P: 10 articles (02/2009 - 01/2000)
8.	Ossipov, M H: 10 articles (01/2004 - 01/2000)
9.	Schwarzer, Christoph: 9 articles (06/2014 - 04/2007)
10.	Vanderah, Todd W: 8 articles (05/2014 - 06/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches) 08/01/2001 - "The effective treatment of chronic pain syndromes-and of tolerance to antinociceptive therapies-may thus rest on an understanding of the biological roles of dynorphin in neurotransmission." 01/01/1987 - "Compared with saline, both analogues of dynorphin were effective in suppressing pain. " 01/01/2004 - "The objective of this study was to extend our observations to these genetic models to test the hypothesis that elevated levels of spinal dynorphin are essential for the maintenance of abnormal pain. " 09/01/1995 - "Studies were carried out to elucidate the efficacy and safety of E2078, a metabolically stable dynorphin analog, in patients with severe pain following lower abdominal surgery. " 12/04/2014 - "Inhibitory neurons marked by the expression of dynorphin (Dyn) represent INs, which are necessary to gate Aβ fibers from activating SOM(+) neurons to evoke pain. "
2.	Substance-Related Disorders (Drug Abuse) 11/01/2007 - "Dynorphin and the pathophysiology of drug addiction." 04/01/2013 - "Avram predicted that a detailed molecular analysis of opiate drug actions would someday lead to better treatments for drug addiction, and he would be gratified to know that subsequent studies enabled by his discovery of the dynorphins resulted in insights that hold great promise for new treatments for addiction and depressive disorders." 11/01/2007 - "We will provide evidence that the repeated administration of cocaine and alcohol up-regulates the dynorphin/KOPr system and that pharmacological treatments that target this system may prove effective in the treatment of drug addiction." 12/01/2015 - "Because elevated levels of dynorphins are commonly observed and correlated with anxiety, dysphoric effects, and decreased dopaminergic tone, a therapeutically relevant functional inhibition bias to endogenously released dynorphins by noribogaine might be worthy of consideration for treating anxiety and substance related disorders. " 02/01/2010 - "They suggest that high expression of PDYN may protect against drug abuse by limiting drug-produced reward, which may be due to dynorphin-mediated modulation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens."
3.	Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (PNS Diseases) 07/01/1990 - "Radioimmunoassays and immunocytochemistry were used to evaluate changes in dynorphin A(1-8) in the spinal cord of rats with a painful peripheral neuropathy. " 07/01/1990 - "Dynorphin increases in the dorsal spinal cord in rats with a painful peripheral neuropathy." 01/01/2004 - "Several experimental models of peripheral neuropathy show that a significant upregulation of spinal dynorphin A and its precursor peptide, prodynorphin, is a common consequence of nerve injury. " 06/12/1999 - "Pathological actions of elevated dynorphin may directly or indirectly modulate the NMDA receptor, result in a loss of supraspinal/spinal morphine synergy and may thus account for the decreased clinical analgesic efficacy of morphine in peripheral neuropathies." 02/01/1997 - "Enhancement of the antiallodynic and antinociceptive efficacy of spinal morphine by antisera to dynorphin A (1-13) or MK-801 in a nerve-ligation model of peripheral neuropathy."
4.	Seizures (Seizure) 12/01/1996 - "However, more uncertain biochemical data and lack of efficacy of kappa agonists in other generalised tonic-clonic seizure models argue that the involvement of dynorphin in this seizure type may not be paramount. " 11/01/2009 - "Our data argue for an essential role of dynorphin in the termination of seizures." 05/30/2007 - "The price of seizure control: dynorphins in interictal and postictal psychosis." 03/06/2007 - "In line with the limbic seizure profile, cell loss, astrogliosis, microgliosis, and down-regulated dynorphin expression were seen in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. " 02/01/2004 - "This work has renewed interest in the role of dysregulation of dynorphin in the pathogenesis of refractory seizures, including encephalitic seizures. "
5.	Spinal Cord Injuries (Spinal Cord Injury) 04/15/2012 - "A non-opioid pathway for dynorphin-caused spinal cord injury in rats." 09/07/2007 - "We thus examined whether a deficiency of dynorphin would protect against tissue damage after spinal cord injury (SCI), and if individual cell types would be specifically affected. " 01/01/2002 - "the dynorphin antiserum has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of spinal cord injuries." 03/01/2001 - "Our findings suggest that dynorphin A and/or its metabolites may contribute significantly to neurodegeneration during spinal cord injury and that alterations in dynorphin A biosynthesis, metabolism, and/or degradation may be important in determining injury outcome." 03/01/2001 - "Levels of dynorphin A increase markedly following spinal cord trauma and may contribute to secondary neurodegeneration. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	N-Methylaspartate (NMDA)
2.	kappa Opioid Receptors (kappa Opioid Receptor)
3.	Morphine (MS Contin)
4.	Opioid Analgesics (Opioids)
5.	Leucine Enkephalin
6.	Cocaine (Cocaine HCl)
7.	Dizocilpine Maleate (Dizocilpine)
8.	Immune Sera (Antisera)
9.	(trans)-Isomer 3,4- Dichloro- N- methyl- N- (2- (1- pyrrolidinyl)- cyclohexyl)- benzeneacetamide
10.	Scopolamine (Hyoscine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ligation
2.	Analgesia
3.	Surgical Instruments (Clip)
4.	Spinal Injections
5.	Injections