DNA Polymerase II

A DNA-dependent DNA polymerase characterized in E. coli and other lower organisms. It may be present in higher organisms and has an intrinsic molecular activity only 5% of that of DNA Polymerase I. This polymerase has 3'-5' exonuclease activity, is effective only on duplex DNA with gaps or single-strand ends of less than 100 nucleotides as template, and is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. EC 2.7.7.7.

Also Known As:

Networked: 154 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 13 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Lis, John T: 10 articles (03/2015 - 10/2003)
2.	Shilatifard, Ali: 7 articles (01/2013 - 02/2005)
3.	Lin, Chengqi: 4 articles (01/2013 - 07/2011)
4.	Smith, Edwin R: 4 articles (12/2011 - 02/2008)
5.	Eissenberg, Joel C: 4 articles (12/2011 - 02/2005)
6.	Adelman, Karen: 4 articles (07/2011 - 01/2005)
7.	Govind, Chhabi K: 3 articles (12/2014 - 01/2007)
8.	Gilmour, David S: 3 articles (05/2014 - 06/2010)
9.	Goodrich, James A: 3 articles (10/2013 - 04/2009)
10.	Yakovchuk, Petro: 3 articles (10/2013 - 04/2009)

Related Diseases

1.	Infection 06/01/2008 - "Employing Pol II-expressed pri-miR mimics may be useful in the treatment of HBV infection, and potentially also for generic application in RNAi-based therapy." 04/01/1989 - "To elucidate the participation of this enzyme further, in this study we examined several parameters related to pol II during the cycle of vaccinia virus infection in L-strain fibroblasts, HeLa cells, and L6H9 rat myoblasts. " 01/01/2012 - "Collectively these data augur well for clinical use of HD Ads to deliver Pol II HBV-silencing cassettes to counter the persistent infection. " 01/01/2011 - "We hypothesized that using ENCODE tiling arrays (1% of the genome) in combination with affinity purifying Pol II RNAs by their unique 5' m⁷GpppN cap would identify previously undescribed annotated and unannotated genes that are differentially expressed in liver during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. " 06/01/2001 - "These observations may indicate two distinct effects of infection on Pol II levels in host cells."
2.	Shock 02/11/2005 - "The goal of this study was to test whether dEloA is required for heat shock gene transcription, since heat shock gene expression is thought to be controlled at the level of Pol II elongation. " 04/30/2015 - "Activation of the heat shock HSP70 gene involves pausing release that speeds up Pol II turnover, but does not change pausing location. " 05/01/2014 - "Additionally, we show that HDAC3 and SMRTER contribute to hsp70 gene expression at a step subsequent to HSF-mediated activation and release of the paused Pol II that resides at the promoter prior to heat shock induction. " 05/01/2014 - "The transcription regulation of the Drosophila hsp70 gene is a complex process that involves the regulation of multiple steps, including the establishment of paused Pol II and release of Pol II into elongation upon heat shock activation. " 09/01/2012 - "Our results indicate that Fcp1 is required to maintain the pool of initiation-competent unphosphorylated Pol II, and this function is particularly important for the highly transcribed heat shock genes."
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 11/01/2014 - "Tumors with somatic mutations in the proofreading exonuclease domain of DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE-exo*) exhibit a novel mutator phenotype, with markedly elevated TCT→TAT and TCG→TTG mutations and overall mutation frequencies often exceeding 100 mutations/Mb. " 07/01/2014 - "It is well known that the two SNPs are associated to an increased risk, progression, survival and mortality of endocrine-related cancers, here we have demonstrated that the c-MYB-dependent release of Pol II at a specific phase of the cell cycle is facilitated by the px haplotype, thus leading to a higher ERα mitogenic signal. " 09/28/2012 - "Then, using epigenome statuses (Pol II binding and H3K27me3) in normal cells, we made a genome-wide search for outliers in breast cancers, and identified 14 outlier promoter CGIs. " 04/01/2011 - "These data indicate that H4K20me3 invokes gene repression by antagonizing hMOF-mediated H4K16Ac and suggest that overcoming Pol II pausing might be a rate-limiting step in achieving tumor suppressor gene reactivation in cancer therapy." 10/06/2009 - "DNA polymerase epsilon and delta proofreading suppress discrete mutator and cancer phenotypes in mice."
4.	Leukemia 07/10/2000 - "Moreover, double and triple immunofluorescence analyses revealed the presence of CBP, p300, and pol II in a subset of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies. " 01/17/2013 - "We have found that Ell3, a member of the Ell (eleven-nineteen lysine-rich leukemia gene) family of RNA Pol II elongation factors, occupies enhancers in embryonic stem cells. " 01/01/2012 - "Concomitant binding to the activation domain of proto-oncogene protein c-Myb and the transactivation domain of the trithorax group protein mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) transcription factor lead to the biologically active ternary MLL∶KIX∶c-Myb complex which plays a role in Pol II-mediated transcription. " 08/09/1996 - "Because the proofreading mechanisms that remove 3'-F-ara-AMP from DNA represent a possible means of resistance to the drug, the present study investigated the excision of incorporated F-ara-AMP from DNA by the 3' --> 5'-exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase epsilon from human leukemia CEM cells. " 04/01/2013 - "Ex vivo exposure of leukemia cells to plasma obtained from patients after alvocidib treatment blocked vorinostat-mediated p21(CIP1) induction and downregulated Mcl-1 and p-RNA Pol II for some specimens, although parallel in vivo bone marrow responses were infrequent. "
5.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy) 11/21/2012 - "These sites displayed H3-lysine27-trimethylation enrichment and DNaseI hypersensitivity, similar to autosomal Polycomb targets, yet excluded Pol II and other transcriptional hallmarks, similar to nontranscribed genes. " 06/25/1985 - "This is in contrast to Pol II transcribed genes, where S1 hypersensitivity becomes apparent at the 5' ends during gene expression. " 09/01/2002 - "In a study of zymocin's mode of action, genetic scenarios known to impair transcription or affect the pol II machinery itself were found to elicit hypersensitivity to zymocin. " 05/01/2012 - "Suggestive of a more general role, ewe mutations confer hypersensitivity to the anti-elongation drug 6-azauracil (6-AU) and one of them-med21-impairs Pol II processivity on a GAL1-regulated reporter gene. " 07/19/2002 - "In studying a link between zymocin and pol II, progressively truncating the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of pol II was found to result in zymocin hypersensitivity as did mutations in four different CTD kinase genes. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
2.	RNA Polymerase II (RNA Polymerase B)
3.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
4.	Chromatin
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
6.	Ribosomal DNA (rDNA)
7.	Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins (Informatin)
8.	zymocin
9.	Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (Proteasome)
10.	Phosphodiesterase I (5' Exonuclease)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)