Distemper (Canine Distemper)

A name for several highly contagious viral diseases of animals, especially canine distemper. In dogs, it is caused by the canine distemper virus (DISTEMPER VIRUS, CANINE). It is characterized by a diphasic fever, leukopenia, gastrointestinal and respiratory inflammation and sometimes, neurologic complications. In cats it is known as FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA.

Also Known As:

Networked: 298 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 23 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Measles
2.	Infection
3.	Encephalitis (Encephalitis, Rasmussen)
4.	Distemper (Canine Distemper)
5.	Demyelinating Diseases (Demyelinating Disease)

Experts

1.	Baumgärtner, Wolfgang: 7 articles (07/2014 - 04/2002)
2.	Baumgärtner, W: 5 articles (04/2006 - 01/2000)
3.	Seehusen, Frauke: 3 articles (07/2014 - 12/2007)
4.	Blixenkrone-Møller, Merete: 3 articles (09/2009 - 07/2009)
5.	Nielsen, Line: 3 articles (09/2009 - 07/2009)
6.	Zurbriggen, A: 3 articles (01/2005 - 07/2000)
7.	Gröne, A: 3 articles (01/2005 - 10/2000)
8.	Maes, Roger K: 2 articles (07/2015 - 05/2003)
9.	Techangamsuwan, Somporn: 2 articles (07/2014 - 09/2012)
10.	Banyard, Ashley C: 2 articles (05/2014 - 09/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Distemper:

1.	VaccinesIBA 05/01/2003 - "Vaccination with modified-live vaccines has been very effective in reducing the incidence of canine distemper, a disease that can be devastating in unvaccinated populations. " 09/01/2014 - "Efficacy of two canine distemper vaccines in wild Nearctic river otters (Lontra canadensis)." 12/01/1983 - "Clinical trials with canine distemper vaccines in exotic carnivores." 08/01/1981 - "A time course study of the peripheral blood leukocytes of dogs vaccinated with canine distemper live virus (a paramyxovirus) vaccines showed that autorosette-forming leukocytes appeared from day 3 to day 10 after vaccination. " 09/01/1943 - "Distemper Studies in Foxes: III. The Cross Immunizing Properties of Homologous and Heterologous Tissue Vaccines against Experimental Distemper of Foxes and Ferrets."
2.	Measles VaccineIBA 01/01/1973 - "[Assessment of the efficacy of a heterologous (measles) vaccine against distemper]." 10/08/1994 - "A comparison of canine distemper vaccine and measles vaccine for the prevention of canine distemper in young puppies." 01/10/1976 - "Combined distemper/measles vaccine." 01/04/1975 - "Letter: Combined distemper/measles vaccine." 11/09/1974 - "Combined distemper-measles vaccine: advantage or disadvantage?"
3.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 08/20/2009 - "Early life DNA vaccination with the H gene of Canine distemper virus induces robust protection against distemper." 01/26/2004 - "Early DNA vaccination of puppies against canine distemper in the presence of maternally derived immunity." 01/01/2012 - "Multivalent DNA-based vaccination in dogs, including rabies and distemper valences, could help in raising vaccine coverage. " 01/01/2012 - "Design of different strategies of multivalent DNA-based vaccination against rabies and canine distemper in mice and dogs." 06/01/2008 - "For combating diseases like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), influenza, malaria and tuberculosis in humans; and foot and mouth disease, Aujesky's disease, swine fever, rabies, canine distemper and brucellosis in animals, DNA vaccine clinical trials are underway. "
4.	ISCOMsIBA 01/01/1992 - "A candidate canine distemper virus (CDV) ISCOM vaccine has been shown to be effective in protecting harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from phocid distemper in 1988. " 01/01/1992 - "Canine distemper virus ISCOMs induce protection in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) against phocid distemper but still allow subsequent infection with phocid distemper virus-1." 12/01/1989 - "Two inactivated canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccines--an adjuvanted whole inactivated virus and a subunit ISCOM preparation--were tested for their ability to induce protective immunity in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) against phocid distemper, a disease that recently killed greater than 17,000 harbour seals in the North and Baltic seas, and was shown to be caused by infection with a newly discovered morbillivirus, which is antigenically closely related to CDV. "
5.	chlorfenapyrIBA 01/01/2011 - "Residual activity of chlorfenapyr a.i. of 400 mg/m2 on five fabricated substrates, namely wood, mud, mud+lime, cement and cement + distemper was found to be effective up to 24 weeks against An. culicifacies and up to 34 weeks against An. stephensi. "
6.	AntigensIBA 01/01/2004 - "To study the pathogenesis of this uncommon, virally induced cutaneous lesion, the footpads of 19 dogs with naturally occurring distemper were investigated for histologic changes and distribution pattern of CDV antigen. " 09/01/2012 - "In dogs with distemper, CDV antigen was preferentially detected in nectin4-positive neurons and epithelial cells, suggesting that nectin4 is an epithelial cell receptor for CDV and also involved in its neurovirulence." 10/01/2010 - "Large, intranuclear, eosinophilic inclusions were within regional astrocytes, and the brain lesions were immunohistochemically positive when stained for canine distemper viral antigen. " 08/01/2008 - "On post-mortem examination intraepithelial canine distemper viral inclusions were identified systemically, and abundant canine distemper virus antigen was identified with immunohistochemical staining. " 05/01/2008 - "Immunoreactivity for canine distemper viral (CDV) antigen was negative in all dogs. "
7.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)IBA 10/01/1955 - "The value of the complement-fixation test in the study of canine distemper complex and Rubarth's disease." 04/01/1955 - "A complement-fixation test for canine distemper." 07/01/1956 - "Serological studies of canine distemper; complement fixation with spleen antigens." 01/01/1981 - "Canine anti-canine myelin, canine distemper convalescent, and control sera were tested for the presence of antilymphocyte antibodies in a complement-dependent microcytotoxicity assay. " 10/01/1975 - "The humoral immune response to canine distemper viral antigens in gnotobiotic dogs experimentally infected with canine distemper virus was studied by the complement fixation and serum neutralization tests. "
8.	Fluorescein (Funduscein)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1957 - "Studies of canine distemper infection by means of fluorescein-labeled antibody. " 02/01/1957 - "Studies of canine distemper infection by means of fluorescein-labeled antibody. " 11/01/1976 - "Reduced retinal blood vessel and pigment epithelium permeability was demonstrated by fluorescein angiography in dogs with chorioretinitis associated with systemic blastomycosis, retinitis associated with distemper, serous retinal detachment, and preretinal hemorrhage."
9.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 09/01/1993 - "The putative F1/F2 cleavage site, located approximately 100 amino acid residues from the N terminus, is identical to those of the F proteins of phocid distemper virus-1 (PDV-1) isolated from European harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and of canine distemper virus (CDV). " 01/01/1993 - "These results are suggestive of restricted synthesis of CDV envelope proteins in acute, and more prominent in chronic, distemper encephalitis." 06/01/1987 - "In two cases of old dog encephalitis the sera and CSFs showed a restricted response to the M protein of CDV, whilst in three other cases of old dog encephalitis, two cases of chronic distemper (meningo-) encephalitis and experimentally induced encephalitis the humoral immune response appeared to be directed primarily to the nucleocapsid, phosphoprotein and the M protein but not the haemagglutinin or fusion proteins. " 12/01/1986 - "Homology with the P and C proteins of measles, canine distemper and respiratory syncytial viruses was at the threshold of significance. " 11/25/1986 - "The NDV M protein has sequence homologies to the M proteins of Sendai, measles, canine distemper and respiratory syncytial viruses."
10.	ParaffinIBA 06/01/1978 - "Specific fluorescence was demonstrated in all brain tissue from dogs with canine distemper, and when compared with tissue on cryostat sections, the paraffin-embedded tissue showed superior preservation of tissue architecture. " 06/01/1978 - "A paraffin-embedding technique for fluorescent antibody studies of canine distemper encephalitis was developed. " 06/01/1978 - "Immunofluorescence studies of canine distemper encephalitis on paraffin-embedded tissue." 11/01/1980 - "Demonstration of canine distemper viral antigen in paraffin sections, using an unlabeled antibody-enzyme method." 02/01/1990 - "Detection of canine distemper viral antigen in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue of a fitch (Mustela putorius), using an immunoperoxidase technique."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections 01/01/1953 - "Active immunization of ferrets by simultaneous injections of avianized canine distemper vaccine and anticanine distemper hyperimmune serum." 10/05/2006 - "A yearly revaccination of adult pets against distemper, the adenoviral and parvoviral diseases is scientifically unwarranted, professionally obsolete and ethically questionable; other vaccinal antigens, however, may need yearly or even more frequent injections. " 07/01/2002 - "Deposition of immunoglobulin but not complement was significantly more frequent (P < 0.05) in the glomeruli of animals that received multiple injections of the 4-way vaccine than in the glomeruli of those given only the monovalent canine distemper vaccine or saline. "
2.	Euthanasia (Mercy Killing) 01/01/2008 - "Canine distemper became endemic in the shelter until late 2004, due to a certain unwillingness to use euthanasia to control infection transmission. " 01/01/2002 - "In an attempt to associate the clinical neurological syndromes with the neuropathological features of canine distemper (CD), 19 spontaneous cases with neurological involvement were examined, before and after euthanasia. "
3.	Subcutaneous Injections 12/01/2003 - "A slowly progressive autoimmune kidney disease was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by subcutaneous injection of a chemically modified kidney antigen (rKF3), incorporated into Alum and Distemper complex vaccine, followed by subcutaneous injections of an aqueous preparation of the same antigen. "
4.	Jet Injections 06/01/1981 - "Using jet injection to vaccinate mink and ferrets against canine distemper, mink virus enteritis, and botulism, type C."
5.	Homeopathy 03/01/1951 - "Homeopathy in canine distemper."