Distemper (Canine Distemper)

A name for several highly contagious viral diseases of animals, especially canine distemper. In dogs, it is caused by the canine distemper virus (DISTEMPER VIRUS, CANINE). It is characterized by a diphasic fever, leukopenia, gastrointestinal and respiratory inflammation and sometimes, neurologic complications. In cats it is known as FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA.

Also Known As:

Networked: 481 relevant articles (14 outcomes, 47 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Measles
2.	Infections
3.	Encephalitis (Encephalitis, Rasmussen)
4.	Distemper (Canine Distemper)
5.	Rabies (Hydrophobia)

Experts

1.	Baumgärtner, Wolfgang: 10 articles (06/2019 - 04/2002)
2.	Baumgärtner, W: 7 articles (08/2012 - 01/2000)
3.	Seehusen, Frauke: 4 articles (01/2016 - 12/2007)
4.	Martella, Vito: 4 articles (03/2015 - 04/2004)
5.	Gröne, A: 4 articles (01/2005 - 10/2000)
6.	Hou, Rong: 3 articles (06/2022 - 01/2020)
7.	Luo, Li: 3 articles (06/2022 - 01/2020)
8.	Shen, Fujun: 3 articles (06/2022 - 01/2020)
9.	Yue, Bisong: 3 articles (06/2022 - 01/2020)
10.	Zhang, Liang: 3 articles (06/2022 - 01/2020)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Distemper:

1.	VaccinesIBA 05/01/2003 - "Vaccination with modified-live vaccines has been very effective in reducing the incidence of canine distemper, a disease that can be devastating in unvaccinated populations. " 05/01/2001 - "The present study was designed to explore the susceptibility of ferrets to challenge with two morbilliviruses isolated from lions and the protective effects of a modified-live mink distemper vaccine. " 07/01/1975 - "Fifty young Beagle pups were used in studies on the efficacy of measles virus vaccine in providing protection against virulent canine distemper (CD) virus given intranasally. " 09/01/2014 - "Efficacy of two canine distemper vaccines in wild Nearctic river otters (Lontra canadensis)." 07/01/2008 - "Vaccine-based prophylaxis has greatly helped to keep distemper disease under control. "
2.	Measles VaccineIBA 01/01/1973 - "[Assessment of the efficacy of a heterologous (measles) vaccine against distemper]." 01/01/2019 - "Modified Dose Efficacy Trial of a Canine Distemper-Measles Vaccine for Use in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)." 01/10/1976 - "Combined distemper/measles vaccine." 01/04/1975 - "Letter: Combined distemper/measles vaccine." 11/09/1974 - "Combined distemper-measles vaccine: advantage or disadvantage?"
3.	AntibodiesIBA 11/01/2016 - "Porcine anti-canine distemper virus antibodies improved survival in puppies affected with canine distemper with minimal adverse effects. " 03/01/2023 - "Serum antibodies to distemper were measured using seroneutralization on blood samples collected under operant conditioning prior to and for 12 mon after vaccination or until titers were <32. " 12/01/2019 - "Prevalence and risk factors for the presence of serum antibodies against canine distemper, canine parvovirus, and canine adenovirus in communities in mainland Ecuador." 10/01/2019 - "We detected no antibodies to canine distemper, B. " 06/13/2019 - "One hundred twenty-two serum samples were collected from 50 captive red pandas and analyzed for antibodies to canine distemper. "
4.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 08/20/2009 - "Early life DNA vaccination with the H gene of Canine distemper virus induces robust protection against distemper." 01/26/2004 - "Early DNA vaccination of puppies against canine distemper in the presence of maternally derived immunity." 12/27/2012 - "Design of different strategies of multivalent DNA-based vaccination against rabies and canine distemper in mice and dogs." 06/01/2001 - "The humoral immune response to recombinant nucleocapsid antigen of canine distemper virus in dogs vaccinated with attenuated distemper virus or DNA encoding the nucleocapsid of wild-type virus." 12/27/2012 - "Multivalent DNA-based vaccination in dogs, including rabies and distemper valences, could help in raising vaccine coverage. "
5.	ISCOMsIBA 01/01/1992 - "Canine distemper virus ISCOMs induce protection in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) against phocid distemper but still allow subsequent infection with phocid distemper virus-1." 01/01/1992 - "A candidate canine distemper virus (CDV) ISCOM vaccine has been shown to be effective in protecting harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from phocid distemper in 1988. " 12/01/1989 - "Two inactivated canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccines--an adjuvanted whole inactivated virus and a subunit ISCOM preparation--were tested for their ability to induce protective immunity in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) against phocid distemper, a disease that recently killed greater than 17,000 harbour seals in the North and Baltic seas, and was shown to be caused by infection with a newly discovered morbillivirus, which is antigenically closely related to CDV. "
6.	chlorfenapyrIBA 01/25/2011 - "Residual activity of chlorfenapyr a.i. of 400 mg/m2 on five fabricated substrates, namely wood, mud, mud+lime, cement and cement + distemper was found to be effective up to 24 weeks against An. culicifacies and up to 34 weeks against An. stephensi. "
7.	AntigensIBA 01/01/2004 - "To study the pathogenesis of this uncommon, virally induced cutaneous lesion, the footpads of 19 dogs with naturally occurring distemper were investigated for histologic changes and distribution pattern of CDV antigen. " 03/31/2018 - "The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that the Turkish-Mink distemper strain is closely related to European CDV strains of lineage 1. Additionally, the distemper antigen was also detected when the tissue samples were examined by histology or immunohistochemistry." 01/01/2018 - "The intralesional identification of antigens of canine (distemper) morbillivirus (CDV), canine adenovirus-1 and -2 (CAdV-1 and -2), canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2), Toxoplasma gondii, and Neospora caninum was evaluated by IHC within the histopathologic patterns observed. " 09/01/2012 - "In dogs with distemper, CDV antigen was preferentially detected in nectin4-positive neurons and epithelial cells, suggesting that nectin4 is an epithelial cell receptor for CDV and also involved in its neurovirulence." 08/01/2008 - "On post-mortem examination intraepithelial canine distemper viral inclusions were identified systemically, and abundant canine distemper virus antigen was identified with immunohistochemical staining. "
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 01/01/2013 - "The present study showed that CDV strain 007Lm, which was isolated from lymph node tissue of a dog with distemper, failed to replicate in H358 cells, although it possessed an intact C protein. " 02/01/2020 - "Since 2012, canine distemper (CD) outbreaks in fur-bearing animals (minks, foxes, raccoon dogs) caused by CDV variants with I542N and Y549H substitutions in the H protein have been frequently reported in China. " 12/05/2014 - "Recombinant rabies virus expressing the H protein of canine distemper virus protects dogs from the lethal distemper challenge." 03/01/1993 - "Canine distemper terminal and intergenic non-protein coding nucleotide sequences: completion of the entire CDV genome sequence." 01/01/2020 - "Having generated recombinant measles (MeV) and canine distemper (CDV) viruses with truncated nucleocapsid (N) protein showing defects in replication kinetics, we have applied a viral evolution approach to the problem. "
9.	CytokinesIBA 01/01/2014 - "Results of the present study demonstrate that CDV causes phenotypical changes and altered cytokine expression of DCs, which represent potential mechanisms to evade host immune responses and might contribute to immune dysfunction and virus persistence in canine distemper. " 01/01/2023 - "The model reveals an impaired ciliary function and an anti-inflammatory cytokine response, potentially fostering viral replication in the lung during the early phase of canine distemper." 04/15/2010 - "In vitro cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy dogs to distemper virus, Malassezia and Toxocara." 12/01/2008 - "Furthermore, the lack of light microscopic changes indicates that additional factors besides cytokines are necessary for the development of a distemper-characteristic neuropathology." 12/01/2008 - "Increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in non-demyelinating early cerebral lesions in nervous canine distemper."
10.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)IBA 10/01/1955 - "The value of the complement-fixation test in the study of canine distemper complex and Rubarth's disease." 04/01/1955 - "A complement-fixation test for canine distemper." 07/01/1956 - "Serological studies of canine distemper; complement fixation with spleen antigens." 01/01/1981 - "Canine anti-canine myelin, canine distemper convalescent, and control sera were tested for the presence of antilymphocyte antibodies in a complement-dependent microcytotoxicity assay. " 10/01/1975 - "The humoral immune response to canine distemper viral antigens in gnotobiotic dogs experimentally infected with canine distemper virus was studied by the complement fixation and serum neutralization tests. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 05/23/2016 - "MSC therapy resulted in no significant improvement when administered during the acute phase of canine distemper disease, and a prevalence of animals with high mortality rate was found in both groups due to the severity of symptoms. " 10/24/2022 - "Group 2b included 51 dogs (control group) diagnosed with clinical signs of neurological distemper treated with supportive therapy only. " 10/24/2022 - "Group 2a included 58 dogs with clinical signs of neurological distemper treated with 3% oral and nasal AgNPs in addition to supportive therapy. " 10/24/2022 - "Group 1b included 46 dogs (control group) diagnosed with non-neurological distemper treated with supportive therapy only. " 10/24/2022 - "Group 1a included 52 dogs (experimental group) diagnosed with non-neurologic distemper treated with 3% oral and nasal AgNPs in addition to supportive therapy. "
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 01/28/2021 - "In this study, we compared the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E) between dogs with a suspected infection of canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper (CDV) before and after treatment with third-generation cephalosporins. "
3.	Injections 07/01/2016 - "In this issue - July 2016: Canine distemper in dogs and ferrets in Australia · Conjunctival myxoma in a dog · Antimicrobial resistance genes in porcine pathogens · Farm economic impacts of bovine Johne's disease · Exertional heat illness in horses · Suppression of oestrus in mares using injectable altrenogest · Sex identification in the eastern blue-tongued lizard." 10/05/2006 - "A yearly revaccination of adult pets against distemper, the adenoviral and parvoviral diseases is scientifically unwarranted, professionally obsolete and ethically questionable; other vaccinal antigens, however, may need yearly or even more frequent injections. " 01/01/1953 - "Active immunization of ferrets by simultaneous injections of avianized canine distemper vaccine and anticanine distemper hyperimmune serum." 07/01/2002 - "Deposition of immunoglobulin but not complement was significantly more frequent (P < 0.05) in the glomeruli of animals that received multiple injections of the 4-way vaccine than in the glomeruli of those given only the monovalent canine distemper vaccine or saline. "
4.	Euthanasia (Mercy Killing) 01/01/2008 - "Canine distemper became endemic in the shelter until late 2004, due to a certain unwillingness to use euthanasia to control infection transmission. " 01/01/2002 - "In an attempt to associate the clinical neurological syndromes with the neuropathological features of canine distemper (CD), 19 spontaneous cases with neurological involvement were examined, before and after euthanasia. "
5.	Acupuncture Points (Acupuncture Point) 01/01/2019 - "A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of acupoint vaccination versus a conventional method, based on humoral immune response in dogs given Canine Distemper Vaccine (CDV). "