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Diltiazem (Cardizem)

A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.

Also Known As:

Cardizem; Diltiazem Hydrochloride; Aldizem; Biovail Brand of Diltiazem Hydrochloride; CRD-401; Cardil; Dilacor; Dilacor XR; Dilren; Diltiazem Malate; Dilzem; Tiazac; Watson Pharmaceuticals Brand of Diltazem; CRD 401; CRD401; 1,5-Benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one, 3-(acetyloxy)-5-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, (2S-cis)-

Networked: 2407 relevant articles (345 outcomes, 440 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Hedner, Thomas: 6 articles (08/2013 - 01/2002)
2.	Melander, Olle: 5 articles (06/2015 - 07/2008)
3.	Wahlstrand, Björn: 4 articles (08/2013 - 07/2008)
4.	Bakris, George L: 4 articles (01/2013 - 03/2004)
5.	Glasser, Stephen P: 4 articles (02/2009 - 01/2003)
6.	Albert, Kenneth S: 4 articles (02/2005 - 01/2003)
7.	Boden, W E: 4 articles (05/2001 - 05/2000)
8.	Borowicz, Kinga K: 3 articles (08/2014 - 11/2007)
9.	Bonagura, John D: 3 articles (09/2012 - 09/2005)
10.	Almgren, Peter: 3 articles (02/2011 - 07/2008)

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 06/01/2000 - "In the light of these results, it can be affirmed that, at an oral dose of 300 mg/day, sustained-release diltiazem was found to be effective and well tolerated in the treatment of mild to moderate essential arterial hypertension in the aged." 07/01/1995 - "Sustained-release diltiazem once a day is a convenient, well tolerated, first line treatment for hypertension in the elderly, for whom the possibility of using two dose levels allows a close regimen adjustment, 200 mg being recommended as a starting dose." 01/01/2000 - "The results showed that diltiazem in monotherapy is effective in the control of hypertension in the elderly and can improve compliance to the treatment." 10/01/1994 - "To evaluate the behaviour of 24 hour blood pressure and the therapeutic efficacy of diltiazem 240mg (slow release) in mild and moderate hypertension. " 10/01/1994 - "[Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of delayed-action diltiazem in the treatment of mild and moderate hypertension, with ambulatory of blood pressure monitoring]."
2.	Angina Pectoris 01/01/1985 - "Long-term efficacy of high-dose diltiazem for chronic stable angina pectoris: 16-month serial studies with placebo controls." 03/01/1984 - "Improved efficacy of high-dose versus medium- and low-dose diltiazem therapy for chronic stable angina pectoris." 07/01/1995 - "Patients with stable angina pectoris receiving twice-daily sustained-release (SR) diltiazem were switched to equivalent doses of once-daily controlled-delivery (CD) diltiazem or to diltiazem SR. Patients who were switched from diltiazem SR to diltiazem CD (n = 28) experienced a 5% increase in time to termination (p = 0.0004) on the exercise tolerance test (ETT), as well as an 8% improvement in time to onset of angina (p < 0.0001) on the ETT. " 07/01/1982 - "Thus, diltiazem is effective in treating chronic stable angina pectoris. " 07/01/1982 - "To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy 3 hours after a single oral dose of 120 mg, 12 men with chronic stable angina pectoris performed a maximal exercise test on a bicycle ergometer after ingesting either placebo or diltiazem administered in a double-blind fashion. "
3.	Ischemia 03/01/1990 - "Thus, it is concluded that 1) diltiazem infusion significantly enhanced recovery of segmental systolic thickening after 15 min of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion; 2) the enhancement in segmental systolic function could not entirely be attributed to decreased mean arterial pressure; 3) improvement in postischemic segmental ventricular function was seen only in those segments with systolic thinning during ischemia; thus, segments with the most severe ischemic dysfunction benefited most; and 4) there were no important differences in regional myocardial blood flow during ischemia and reperfusion between saline- and diltiazem-treated animals." 01/01/1997 - "Since a functionally reversible vasoconstrictor component has been identified in this condition and rejection does not reverse if ischemia does not, we hypothesized that diltiazem may be beneficial in this condition. " 02/01/1996 - "For 30 min global ischemia, the addition of diltiazem to STS significantly improved the percentage recovery ratio of aortic flow (63.2 +/- 8.6% vs 79.9 +/- 5.9%, control vs. diltiazem, p < 0.01) and reduced CPK leakage during reperfusion (87.5 +/- 35.8 IU/20 min/g dry wt vs. 41.7 +/- 14.5 IU/20 min/g dry wt, control vs. diltiazem, p < 0.05). " 03/01/1992 - "Addition of diltiazem (0.8 microM) before subjecting hearts to a 30-min period of global no-flow ischemia resulted in a significant improvement in recovery of mechanical function (heart rate x developed pressure during reperfusion recovered to 28 and 53% of preischemic levels, in control and diltiazem-treated hearts, respectively). " 11/01/1989 - "Pre- and postischemic treatment with diltiazem led to significant improvement of CPFP in the OM: 4.9% of tissue areas were lying more than 60 microns from the next perfused capillary vs 70.2% after untreated ischemia. "
4.	Atrial Fibrillation 02/01/1995 - "The calculated beat-to-beat increase in AVCT evaluated by dividing the magnitude of AVCT prolongation by the time constant tau was greatest with diltiazem, which may explain the high efficacy of diltiazem in controlling ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation." 05/01/1993 - "In conclusion, medium doses of diltiazem are more effective in reducing heart rate during atrial fibrillation than a low dose. " 01/01/1989 - "The efficacy of diltiazem to control ventricular response and to improve cardiovascular performance during maximal exercise was investigated in 13 digitalized patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. " 09/01/1987 - "[Efficacy of diltiazem in the control of ventricular frequency in chronic atrial fibrillation]." 02/01/1987 - "Efficacy of oral diltiazem to control ventricular response in chronic atrial fibrillation at rest and during exercise."
5.	Spasm (Spasms) 02/18/1982 - "It is concluded that diltiazem is highly effective and well tolerated for the long-term prophylaxis and treatment of angina in patients with coronary spasm." 08/01/1990 - "Diltiazem, in our study, did not yield in a significant improvement of symptoms in diffuse oesophageal spasm. " 02/01/1983 - "Thus, we conclude that diltiazem is effective in the treatment of postinfarction angina caused by coronary artery spasm." 02/01/1983 - "Diltiazem is effective for the long-term control of symptoms of active coronary artery spasm." 08/01/1990 - "Efficacy of diltiazem in the treatment of diffuse oesophageal spasm."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Verapamil (Calan)
2.	Nifedipine (Adalat)
3.	Calcium
4.	Calcium Channels (Calcium Channel)
5.	Nitroglycerin (Dynamite)
6.	Propranolol (Inderal)
7.	Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix)
8.	Metoprolol (Lopressor)
9.	Digoxin (Digitek)
10.	Amlodipine (Norvasc)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant)
2.	Intravenous Infusions
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)