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Dihydropteroate Synthase (Dihydropteroate Synthetase)

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An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of dihydropteroate from p-aminobenzoic acid and dihydropteridine-hydroxymethyl-pyrophosphate. EC 2.5.1.15.

Also Known As:

Dihydropteroate Synthetase; Pyrophosphorylase, Dihydropteroate; Synthase, Dihydropteroate; Synthetase, Dihydropteroate; Dihydropteroate Pyrophosphorylase; 2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine-diphosphate:4-aminobenzoate 2-amino-4-hydroxydihydropteridine-6-methenyltransferase

Networked: 89 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 8 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Enzymes and Coenzymes
- Enzymes: 34502
  - Transferases: 4296
    - Alkyl and Aryl Transferases: 2
      - Dihydropteroate Synthase: 89
        E coli Sul3 protein
        S cerevisiae Fol1 protein

Experts

1.	Meshnick, Steven R: 8 articles (07/2014 - 10/2004)
2.	Huang, Laurence: 5 articles (08/2013 - 01/2003)
3.	Taylor, Steve M: 3 articles (07/2014 - 01/2012)
4.	Crothers, Kristina: 3 articles (08/2013 - 01/2003)
5.	Beard, Charles B: 3 articles (08/2013 - 01/2003)
6.	Miró, José M: 3 articles (09/2010 - 01/2005)
7.	Moreno, Asunción: 3 articles (09/2010 - 01/2005)
8.	Plowe, Christopher V: 3 articles (08/2010 - 10/2002)
9.	Dorsey, Grant: 3 articles (05/2010 - 12/2004)
10.	Fox, Melissa: 3 articles (01/2006 - 01/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Malaria 03/01/1998 - "Molecular epidemiology of malaria in Yaounde, Cameroon II. Baseline frequency of point mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene of Plasmodium falciparum." 02/01/1991 - "Thus, the concentration of sulfa drugs by malaria parasites may explain how sulfa drugs inhibit in vitro growth of parasites through the inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase." 01/01/2015 - "falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (Pfdhps) mutations and associated haplotypes in areas with different malaria transmission intensities in mainland Tanzania, 6 years after withdrawal of SP as a first-line treatment regimen for uncomplicated malaria. " 07/01/2014 - "Parasites with a highly resistant mutant dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) haplotype have recently emerged in eastern Africa; they negated preventive benefits of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, and might exacerbate placental malaria. " 09/01/2010 - "We sequenced the Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase (pvdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (pvdhps) genes to examine the prevalence and extent of point mutations in isolates from malaria-endemic countries. "
2.	Infection 02/01/1994 - "Dihydropteroate synthase is the target enzyme for the sulfonamide compounds, which are the mainstay of therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a common infection in patients with impaired immunity. " 05/01/2007 - "We also show that over 90% of infections from each of the three study sites carry a set of three dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and two dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) mutations strongly associated with SP treatment failure. " 02/01/2015 - "Pneumocystis jirovecii infection and the associated dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) mutations in HIV-positive individuals from Pune, India." 02/01/2005 - "Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) indicated that the Pfdhfr I164L mutation was the main determinant of therapeutic outcome; all 11 failures carried this mutation (failure rate 11/37; 30%) whereas none of the 11 infections with 'wild type' 164 genotypes failed. " 03/01/2003 - "Seven years after this change, we investigated the prevalence of dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) mutations, known to be associated with decreased sensitivity to SP, in 173 asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections from Salima, Malawi. "
3.	Pneumocystis Pneumonia (Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia) 09/01/2010 - "The objective of this study was to determine whether the prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene mutations has changed since the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and whether the mutations are associated with poor outcome in Spanish HIV-1-infected patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP). " 08/01/2013 - "Dihydropteroate synthase mutations in Pneumocystis pneumonia: impact of applying different definitions of prophylaxis, mortality endpoints and mutant in a single cohort." 01/01/2012 - "Low prevalence of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) but high prevalence of pneumocystis dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene mutations in HIV-infected persons in Uganda." 11/01/2010 - "Pneumocystis jiroveci dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations among colonized individuals and Pneumocystis pneumonia patients from Spain." 09/01/2010 - "Prevalence of dihydropteroate synthase genotypes before and after the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy and their influence on the outcome of Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-1-infected patients."
4.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis) 11/01/2010 - "Dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene mutation study in HIV-Infected Indian patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia." 07/15/2013 - "The gene encoding the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) of Streptococcus pneumonia has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. " 09/01/2008 - "Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in Spanish HIV-infected patients in the combined antiretroviral therapy era: prevalence of dihydropteroate synthase mutations and prognostic factors of mortality." 08/15/2007 - "Two Pneumocystis jiroveci independent genomic regions, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS2, and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene have been used for typing a cohort of HIV-infected Italian patients with P jiroveci pneumonia (PcP). " 10/01/2004 - "A systematic review was conducted to examine the associations in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) patients between dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) mutations and sulfa or sulfone (sulfa) prophylaxis and between DHPS mutations and sulfa treatment outcome. "
5.	Falciparum Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum Malaria) 06/01/2010 - "falciparum malaria patients was used for sequencing the genes encoding PfCRT (exon 2), dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR) and dihydropteroate synthetase (PfDHPS). " 12/01/2013 - "Resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites is associated with mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes, and these mutations have spread resistance worldwide. " 12/01/2004 - "Two mutations in dihydrofolate reductase combined with one in the dihydropteroate synthase gene predict sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine parasitological failure in Ugandan children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria." 08/01/2000 - "Sequence variations in the genes encoding dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase and clinical response to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria." 05/01/2005 - "Children with severe falciparum malaria were treated with parenteral quinine followed by a single oral dose of SP. A clinical evaluation was performed 3 weeks later in which a blood sample was obtained for full haemogram, blood slide and analysis of the parasite dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) codons, mutations of which are associated with resistance to SP. A total of 452 children were enrolled, of whom 374 completed the study. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (Dihydrofolate Reductase)
2.	sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar)
3.	Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination (Co-Trimoxazole)
4.	Pyrimethamine (Daraprim)
5.	Codon (Codons)
6.	Quinine (Quinson)
7.	Sulfadoxine (Sulformethoxine)
8.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)
9.	Enzymes
10.	Dapsone

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)