HOME PRODUCTS SERVICES COMPANY CONTACT FAQ

Vipoma (WDHA)

A tumor that secretes VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE, a neuropeptide that causes VASODILATION; relaxation of smooth muscles; watery DIARRHEA; HYPOKALEMIA; and HYPOCHLORHYDRIA. Vipomas, derived from the pancreatic ISLET CELLS, generally are malignant and can secrete other hormones. In most cases, Vipomas are located in the PANCREAS but can be found in extrapancreatic sites.

Also Known As:

WDHA; Syndrome, Vipoma; Diarrheogenic Islet Cell Tumor; Pancreatic VIPoma; VIP-Secreting Tumor (VIPoma); Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Tumor; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Producing Tumor; Vipoma Syndrome; Cholera, Pancreatic; Diarrhea Syndrome, Watery; Diarrheogenic Tumors; Pancreatic VIPomas; Syndrome, Verner-Morrison; Syndrome, Watery Diarrhea; Tumor, Diarrheogenic; Tumor, VIP-Secreting (VIPoma); Tumors, Diarrheogenic; Tumors, VIP-Secreting (VIPoma); VIP Secreting Tumor (VIPoma); VIP-Secreting Tumors (VIPoma); VIPoma, Pancreatic; VIPomas, Pancreatic; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Producing Tumor; Verner Morrison Syndrome; Vipomas; Diarrheogenic Tumor; Pancreatic Cholera; Verner-Morrison Syndrome; WDHH; Watery Diarrhea Syndrome; Watery Diarrhea with Hypokalemic Alkalosis

Networked: 235 relevant articles (12 outcomes, 13 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Carcinoid Tumor (Carcinoid)
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Diarrhea
4.	Gastrinoma
5.	Insulinoma

Experts

1.	de Herder, Wouter W: 2 articles (04/2008 - 03/2007)
2.	Ros, P R: 2 articles (01/2001 - 01/2001)
3.	Mortelé, K J: 2 articles (01/2001 - 01/2001)
4.	Cadiot, Guillaume: 1 article (01/2015)
5.	de Mestier, Louis: 1 article (01/2015)
6.	Walter, Thomas: 1 article (01/2015)
7.	Jiayin, Y: 1 article (01/2015)
8.	Brixi, Hedia: 1 article (01/2015)
9.	Lunan, Y: 1 article (01/2015)
10.	Haiqing, W: 1 article (01/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Vipoma:

1.	Octreotide (Sandostatin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1987 - "Long-term continuous SMS 201-995 treatment has achieved useful symptomatic improvement in diarrhoea in 4 patients with metastatic VIPomas who had relapsed following previous treatment. " 02/01/2011 - "VIPoma Crisis: Immediate and life saving reduction of massive stool volumes on starting treatment with octreotide." 03/01/2010 - "Amelioration of symptoms and reduction of VIP levels after hepatic artery chemoembolization in a patient with sandostatin resistant VIPoma." 04/01/2001 - "Vipoma: effective treatment with octreotide in the oldest old." 06/01/1989 - "The most potent and promising drug for the treatment of VIPoma is a new peptidomimetic agent--Sandostatin. "
2.	Somatostatin (Somatotropin Release-Inhibiting Factor)IBA 01/01/1992 - "[Somatostatin in preoperative therapy and postoperative diagnosis of a patient with Verner Morrison syndrome]." 09/01/1991 - "Four year treatment with a long acting somatostatin analogue in a patient with Verner-Morrison syndrome." 08/01/1988 - "[Short-term treatment of a VIPoma with somatostatin analogue in advance of curative operation]." 03/31/1988 - "Surgically confirmed VIPoma with reference to therapy with somatostatin]." 01/01/1988 - "Somatostatin and analogues in the treatment of VIPoma."
3.	HormonesIBA 01/01/2002 - "HAE can be a very effective and durable treatment modality for patients with metastatic VIPomas (or other neuroendocrine tumors) and who are clinically symptomatic from the effects of hormone hypersecretion." 07/01/1997 - "In 19 of these 25 patients (76%) a non-functioning endocrine tumor and in 6 patients (24%) a hormone-active tumor (four insulinoma, one gastrinoma, one VIPoma) was found. " 01/01/1985 - "Intravenous administration of SST or subcutaneous application of the new synthetic SST-analogues produces a decrease in serum hormone levels and abolition of symptoms in patients with endocrine-active tumors such as vipoma, glucagonoma and carcinoid. " 06/01/2014 - "From 860 patients, 402 (46.7%) had functional tumours with the following hormone excess syndromes: carcinoid syndrome (19.1%; n = 164), persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (17.7%; n = 152), Zollinger- Ellison syndrome (7.1%; n = 61), glucagonoma (0.7%; n = 15), Verner-Morrison syndrome (0.4%; n = 8) and somatostatinoma syndrome(0.1%; n = 2). " 09/01/2013 - "Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors can be functional, i.e., hormone secreting tumors, e.g., insulinoma, gastrinoma or VIPoma, and can have distinctive symptoms leading to the diagnosis. "
4.	Calcitonin (Calcitonin, Eel)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2005 - "Calcitonin-secreting VIPoma." 01/01/1981 - "Hypersecretion of calcitonin in patients with the Verner-Morrison syndrome." 01/01/1981 - "Three patients with the Verner-Morrison syndrome due to pancreatic tumours are reported; all had an overproduction of calcitonin and hypercalcemia. " 06/01/2007 - "This case is interesting in many ways: this is an exceptional illustration of MEN 1 with vipoma associated with calcitonin secretion and it is also a good example of the benefits and limitations of each diagnostic procedure in the heterogeneous group of neuroendocrine tumors." 01/01/1993 - "Calcitonin, as SMS 201-995, ameliorates the VIPoma syndrome."
5.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/1996 - "It is safe and effective in 75-80% of the 10-20% of cancer chemotherapy patients who develop severe diarrhoea, and is useful in the management of persistent diarrhoea associated with neuroendocrine tumours, particularly VIPoma and carcinoid tumours, congenital microvillus atrophy, some patients with the short bowel syndrome (giving them a reduced need for intravenous fluids), and AIDS-related diarrhoea that does not respond to antibiotics or conventional anti-diarrhoeal drugs. "
6.	Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide))IBA 03/01/1979 - "[Verner-Morrison syndrome (1 case with determination of vasoactive intestinal peptide (V.I.P.) and electron microscope study)]." 01/01/2015 - "CT revealed 4 pancreatic tumours that appeared to be VIPomas, because the patient had an elevated plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide level. " 03/15/2011 - "Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIPomas) had the best overall survival. " 07/04/2010 - "VIPomas producing high amounts of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) commonly originate from the pancreas. " 01/01/2006 - "Vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumours (VIPomas) are rare islet cell tumours of the pancreas that can result in life-threatening biochemical abnormalities. "
7.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)IBA 01/01/1986 - "These studies suggest that in this patient, serotonin was a causative agent of the watery diarrhea syndrome." 01/01/1986 - "Watery diarrhea syndrome caused by multihormonal malignant pancreatic islet cell tumor secreting somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, serotonin, and prostaglandin E--a clinicopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study." 09/20/1979 - "Serotonin (and related indoles, particularly 5-hydroxytryptophan) has been firmly implicated as a cause of diarrhea in patients with carcinoid syndrome; our recent studies suggest that the diagnosis can be more effectively made by measuring circulating immunoreactive serotonin concentrations than urinary excretion of 5-HIAA; that some circulating serotonin escapes hepatic inactivation and, thus, large intestinal tumors can cause carcinoid syndrome in the absence of hepatic metastases; and that large amounts of serotonin are produced by some noncarcinoid diarrheogenic tumors, including medullary carcinomas of the thyroid and tumors associated with the WDHA syndrome. "
8.	Pancreatic Polypeptide (Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP))IBA 08/01/1979 - "Thus, while consistent with VIP being a contributory agent to the secretion of pancreatic cholera, the data do not support the notion that pancreatic polypeptide might be a causative agent in this syndrome." 02/01/1999 - "A 37-year-old woman had watery diarrhea syndrome from pancreatic polypeptide hyperplasia. " 02/01/1999 - "Pancreatic polypeptide hyperplasia causing watery diarrhea syndrome: a case report." 09/01/1986 - "Especially high values were found in patients with glucagonomas (14 of 20), vipomas (12 of 13), and pancreatic polypeptide-producing tumors (5 of 6). " 01/01/1980 - "It is speculated that in some cases pancreatic polypeptide oversecretion may be causative for pseudo-Verner-Morrison syndrome in the absence of ulcer of carcinoma in the upper gastrointestinal tract."
9.	WDHA syndromeIBA 04/01/2009 - "VIPoma with expression of both VIP and VPAC1 receptors in a patient with WDHA syndrome." 03/01/1998 - "A patient with excessive WDHA-syndrome and severe metabolic disturbances due to a pancreatic VIPoma with metastatic spread into the liver and abundant hormonal secretion is presented. " 08/01/1991 - "A case of giant metastatic liver VIPoma manifesting WDHA syndrome is described. " 06/01/1988 - "A case with WDHA syndrome due to VIPoma is reported. " 07/01/1986 - "[WDHA (watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria) syndrome]."
10.	Glucagonoma syndromeIBA 01/01/2008 - "Depending on their cell type, functional pancreatic endocrine tumors may cause distinct clinical endocrine syndromes, such as the 'glucagonoma syndrome', Verner-Morrison syndrome and the 'somatostatinoma syndrome'. " 10/01/1990 - "SMS 201-995 effectively prevents or at least improves flush and diarrhoea in the carcinoid syndrome, disabling diarrhoea in the Verner-Morrison syndrome and migratory erythema in the glucagonoma syndrome. " 01/01/1994 - "Numerous studies indicate that octreotide is, currently, the therapeutic principle of first choice in the symptomatic treatment of patients with carcinoid syndrome, Verner-Morrison syndrome and glucagonoma syndrome but not of insulinoma and gastrinoma patients. " 05/01/2005 - "They are varied in their biological behavior and clinical courses and, depending on their cell type, can produce different hormones causing distinct clinical endocrine syndromes (insulinoma [hypoglycemia], gastrinoma [Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES)], vasoactive intestinal peptideoma [VIPoma], watery diarrhea, hypokalemia-achlorhydria [WDHA], glucagonoma [glucagonoma syndrome], and so forth). " 07/01/1982 - "Immunocytochemical stains for various pancreatic hormones were performed on 77 pancreatic endocrine tumors from 59 patients [17 with hypoglycemia, three with glucagonoma syndrome, 18 were Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, six with WDHA (watery, diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria) syndrome and 15 without endocrine symptoms]. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 07/01/2003 - "Treatment includes correction of volume, electrolyte, and metabolic abnormalities; CVVH during ARF; pharmacotherapy to decrease gastrointestinal secretion; and surgical resection of the vipoma." 01/01/1995 - "Treatment includes correction of volume, electrolyte, and metabolic abnormalities, pharmacotherapy to decrease gastrointestinal secretion and increase absorption, and ultimately surgical resection or debulking of the vipoma." 06/01/1989 - "Surgery is the most definitive treatment of VIPoma; pharmacotherapy is extremely important in controlling symptoms and stabilizing the patient prior to surgery. " 12/19/1987 - "We describe the 4-year follow-up of an endocrine tumour of the pancreas (vipoma-glucagonoma) treated with chemotherapy. " 01/01/2000 - "Somatostatin analogs and conventional chemotherapy regimens were not effective on VIPoma syndrome and tumor progression. "
2.	Liver Transplantation 09/01/2010 - "This case is the longest (25 years) reported in the literature for survival from a VIPoma after initial diagnosis and long term survival after liver transplantation (9 years). " 09/01/2010 - "We describe the case of a very rare pancreatic VIPoma, the therapeutic modalities employed, including orthotopic liver transplantation, and present the results of a relevant literature search. " 09/01/2010 - "To discuss the role of orthotopic liver transplantation for neuroendocrine tumours including VIPomas. " 03/01/1998 - "Metastatic pancreatic VIPoma: deteriorating clinical course and successful treatment by liver transplantation." 01/01/2015 - "Intractable and dramatic diarrhea in liver transplantation recipient with vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing tumor after split liver transplantation: a case report."
3.	Splenectomy 01/01/2006 - "A primary pancreatic VIPoma was diagnosed in a 61-year-old female in 1998 and a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. " 01/01/2008 - "Following preoperative proximal splenic artery embolization, the patient with underwent successful en bloc resection of the locally advanced VIPoma in conjunction with a diaphragmatic resection, total gastrectomy, splenectomy, left adrenalectomy, as well as small and large bowel resection. " 10/28/2014 - "The patient first underwent a successful symptomatic treatment with somatostatin analogues and was then submitted to a distal pancreasectomy with splenectomy to remove a capsulated whitish tumor which turned out to be a well-differentiated vipoma at histological and immuno-histochemical analysis. "
4.	Pancreatectomy 01/01/2006 - "A primary pancreatic VIPoma was diagnosed in a 61-year-old female in 1998 and a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. " 02/01/1984 - "Subtotal pancreatectomy specimens from two adults with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and one adult with watery diarrhea syndrome were investigated. " 08/01/2002 - "Laparoscopic pancreatic resection (LapPR) with spleen salvage was planned in 13 patients and performed in 12 (one conversion for metastatic VIPoma), with splenic vessel preservation in 11 patients and short gastric vessel preservation in 1. The average operating time was 3.5 hours after enucleation, 4.0 hours after distal pancreatectomy, and 5.0 hours after subtotal pancreatectomy. "
5.	Subcutaneous Infusions 06/01/1988 - "Successful treatment of a VIPoma by continuous subcutaneous infusion of somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995)."