Dextrorphan

Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.

Also Known As:

Networked: 75 relevant articles (14 outcomes, 14 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Kim, Won-Ki: 2 articles (05/2004 - 01/2003)
2.	Kim, Hyoung-Chun: 2 articles (05/2004 - 01/2003)
3.	Shin, Eun-Joo: 2 articles (05/2004 - 01/2003)
4.	Jhoo, Wang-Kee: 2 articles (05/2004 - 01/2003)
5.	Mann, Henry J: 1 article (05/2011)
6.	Kumar, Atul: 1 article (05/2011)
7.	Remmel, Rory P: 1 article (05/2011)
8.	Beilman, Greg J: 1 article (05/2011)
9.	Liu, Ya-Juan: 1 article (01/2011)
10.	Wang, Jhi-Joung: 1 article (01/2011)

Related Diseases

1.	Brain Ischemia (Cerebral Ischemia) 11/01/1991 - "We studied the dose response characteristics of dextrorphan's neuroprotective efficacy and side effects, correlating these beneficial and adverse responses with plasma and brain levels in a rabbit model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. " 09/17/1993 - "The dose-response curve and time window of efficacy for dextrorphan in permanent focal brain ischemia leading to infarction was studied in the rat. " 09/18/1989 - "We studied the efficacy of systemic pre-treatment with dextrorphan (DX), a clinically tested N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, in a rabbit model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. " 04/29/1996 - "Additive neuroprotective effects of dextrorphan and cycloheximide in rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia." 02/01/1995 - "Dextrorphan hydrochloride is a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist that is neuroprotective in experimental models of focal brain ischemia. "
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 01/01/1993 - "Single-dose treatment with nalmefene, YM14673, or dextrorphan at 30 min after trauma each significantly improved behavioral recovery at two weeks as compared with vehicle-treated controls, confirming earlier studies with these agents. " 01/10/1990 - "Treatment with either dextrorphan or CPP, administered intrathecally 15 min after trauma, significantly improved chronic (4 weeks) behavioral recovery. " 03/02/1992 - "Pretreatment with dextrorphan attenuated the post-traumatic increase in extracellular levels of aspartate; although these differences did not reach significance when examined as absolute values, they were significant when analyzed as percent increase over pre-trauma baseline levels. " 05/19/1989 - "Treatment with the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist dextrophan or the competitive antagonist 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid limited the resultant neurological dysfunction; dextrorphan treatment also improved the bioenergetic state after trauma and increased the intracellular free magnesium. " 01/10/1990 - "The potential role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury was examined in rats by comparing the effects of the non-competitive NMDA antagonist dextrorphan and the competitive NMDA antagonist 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP) on the behavioral and anatomical consequences of impact trauma to the spinal cord. "
3.	Ischemia 09/17/1993 - "A dose-response study of dextrorphan in permanent focal ischemia." 04/01/1996 - "Dextrorphan (DX) 20-10 mg/kg given ip 15 min before ischemia reduced infarct volume in a dose-dependent manner with an apparent U-shaped dose-response curve; best protection was observed at 30 mg/kg. Posttreatment at 30 min, but not 60 min, was still effective. " 11/01/1991 - "These results demonstrate that systemic treatment with dextrorphan after 1 h focal ischemia can significantly protect against cerebral damage if adequate plasma and brain levels of dextrorphan are achieved. " 11/01/1991 - "One hour after the onset of ischemia, they were treated with an i.v. infusion of varying dextrorphan doses or normal saline. " 03/10/1988 - "DM and its active metabolite dextrorphan may prove to be clinically useful in protecting against hypoxia-ischemia."
4.	Seizures (Seizure) 01/01/1988 - "In the present study, the effects of dextrorphan were determined in an experimental model of seizure activity (maximal electroshock convulsions) (MES). " 01/01/2011 - "Dextrorphan did not produce any seizures. " 07/01/1996 - "Dextrorphan did not activate nor facilitate seizures." 01/01/1994 - "However, when dextrorphan was employed to suppress seizure-like events, later recurrent discharges did not develop during the remaining time course of the experiment. " 06/01/1993 - "Bay k-8644 (a Ca2+ channel agonist)-induced seizures were not antagonized by dextrorphan. "
5.	Stroke (Strokes) 02/01/1995 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum loading dose and maintenance infusion of dextrorphan hydrochloride that are well tolerated in patients with an acute stroke. " 02/01/1995 - "An intravenous infusion of dextrorphan or placebo was begun within 48 hours of onset of a mild-to-moderate hemispheric stroke. " 09/15/1995 - "Dextrorphan HCl (Ro 01-6794/706) is an NMDA receptor antagonist with clinical potential for administration in an elderly population of acute ischemic stroke patients. " 02/01/1995 - "Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist dextrorphan in patients with acute stroke. " 09/15/1995 - "Severe hypotension, severe decreased levels of consciousness and respiratory depression should not be generally expected at loading doses less than 200 mg/hr. In summary, dextrorphan can be safely given to an elderly population of ischemic stroke patients as a loading dose rate below 200 mg/hr and as a maintenance dose rate between 50-90 mg/hr for 24 hours when patients are monitored carefully for pharmacologic effects."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	N-Methylaspartate (NMDA)
2.	Dextromethorphan (Levomethorphan)
3.	3- (2- carboxypiperazin- 4- yl)propyl- 1- phosphonic acid (CPP)
4.	Dizocilpine Maleate (Dizocilpine)
5.	Protein Kinases (Protein Kinase)
6.	aptiganel
7.	selfotel
8.	nalmefene (Revex)
9.	Phencyclidine (Angel Dust)
10.	Ketamine

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intravenous Infusions
2.	Traction
3.	Ligation
4.	Injections
5.	Anesthesia