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Dental Pulp Necrosis

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Death of pulp tissue with or without bacterial invasion. When the necrosis is due to ischemia with superimposed bacterial infection, it is referred to as pulp gangrene. When the necrosis is non-bacterial in origin, it is called pulp mummification.

Also Known As:

Autolysis, Dental Pulp; Gangrene, Dental Pulp; Necroses, Pulp; Pulp Autolysis, Dental; Pulp Gangrene, Dental; Pulp Necroses; Pulp Necrosis, Dental; Autolyses, Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Autolyses; Dental Pulp Necroses; Gangrene, Pulp; Gangrenes, Pulp; Mummification, Pulp; Mummifications, Pulp; Necroses, Dental Pulp; Necrosis, Pulp; Pulp Autolyses, Dental; Pulp Gangrenes; Pulp Mummifications; Pulp Necroses, Dental; Dental Pulp Autolysis; Dental Pulp Gangrene; Necrosis, Dental Pulp; Pulp Gangrene; Pulp Mummification; Pulp Necrosis

Networked: 90 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 10 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Periapical Periodontitis (Apical Periodontitis)
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Neurogenic Inflammation
5.	Root Resorption

Experts

1.	Nelson-Filho, Paulo: 2 articles (09/2013 - 12/2005)
2.	dos Santos, Cláudia Letícia Vendrame: 2 articles (07/2011 - 07/2011)
3.	Pinto, Daniela Nunes: 2 articles (07/2011 - 06/2011)
4.	Sonoda, Celso Koogi: 2 articles (07/2011 - 07/2011)
5.	de Sousa, Denise Lins: 2 articles (07/2011 - 06/2011)
6.	Poi, Wilson Roberto: 2 articles (07/2011 - 07/2011)
7.	Bauss, Oskar: 2 articles (02/2010 - 04/2004)
8.	Gomes, Brenda P F A: 2 articles (10/2009 - 03/2008)
9.	Martinho, Frederico C: 2 articles (10/2009 - 03/2008)
10.	Silva, L A B: 2 articles (08/2008 - 06/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Dental Pulp Necrosis:

1.	Calcium HydroxideIBA 04/01/2002 - "The use of calcium hydroxide in the treatment of teeth with post-traumatic pulp necrosis and its sequelae has been shown to be extremely beneficial for the long-term retention of the injured teeth. " 07/01/2011 - "Two weeks after the first visit, pulp necrosis was found and endodontic treatment of the intruded tooth was started with a calcium hydroxide dressing. " 07/01/2011 - "Antibacterial effects of chemomechanical instrumentation and calcium hydroxide in primary teeth with pulp necrosis." 07/01/2011 - "As pulp necrosis was diagnosed, calcium hydroxide therapy was started for canal disinfection and subsequent obturation. " 08/01/2009 - "Sixty-four patients aged 11 to 18 years old presenting with molars with pulp necrosis were assigned consecutively to two visits (plus an interappointment dressing using calcium-hydroxide paste). "
2.	Sodium Hypochlorite (Clorox)IBA 10/01/2009 - "This clinical study was conducted to compare the efficacy of chemomechanical preparation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on eliminating oral bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. " 03/01/2008 - "This clinical study was conducted to quantify endotoxins and cultivable bacteria in teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis before and after chemomechanical preparation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and to investigate the possible correlation of endotoxin and cultivable bacteria with the presence of clinical symptomatology. " 12/01/2005 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial action of root canal mechanical preparation using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite as the irrigating solution and a calcium hydroxide paste as the antibacterial intracanal dressing in human primary teeth root canals with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis by means of microbial culture. " 01/01/2012 - "A total of 126 patients requiring treatment of apical periodontitis and pulp necrosis were randomly assigned to 2 groups according to the solution used for irrigation: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or 2% chlorhexidine gel (CLX) (63 patients in each group). "
3.	ChlorhexidineIBA 09/01/2006 - "Chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine proved to have antibacterial and antifungal effects if used in the treatment of pulp gangrene and in cases not responding to conventional therapy. " 10/01/2009 - "This clinical study was conducted to compare the efficacy of chemomechanical preparation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on eliminating oral bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. " 01/01/2012 - "A total of 126 patients requiring treatment of apical periodontitis and pulp necrosis were randomly assigned to 2 groups according to the solution used for irrigation: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or 2% chlorhexidine gel (CLX) (63 patients in each group). " 01/01/2013 - "Patients with pulp necrosis and acute apical periodontitis that had been dressed with chlorhexidine alone and calcium hydroxide plus chlorhexidine gave rise to less pain than that experienced by patients who had a calcium hydroxide dressing alone or no dressing at all."
4.	Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)IBA 09/01/2013 - "The present in vivo study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of apical negative pressure irrigation (ANP), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and positive pressure irrigation (PP) in the reduction of intracanal bacteria of dogs' teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. "
5.	EndotoxinsIBA 08/01/2012 - "The objectives of this clinical study were to investigate the effects of endodontic treatment by using different irrigants on endotoxins in root canals with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis and to evaluate the cytotoxic effects. " 03/01/2008 - "This clinical study was conducted to quantify endotoxins and cultivable bacteria in teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis before and after chemomechanical preparation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and to investigate the possible correlation of endotoxin and cultivable bacteria with the presence of clinical symptomatology. "
6.	Zinc Oxide FDA Link 06/01/2011 - "This study compared clinically and radiographically the use of zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE) and a commercial calcium hydroxide and polyethylene glycol-based paste (Calen(®) ) thickened with zinc oxide as root canal-filling materials for primary teeth with pulp necrosis secondary to trauma within 18months of follow up. "
7.	Root Canal Filling MaterialsIBA 06/01/2011 - "Eighteen-month clinical and radiographic evaluation of two root canal-filling materials in primary teeth with pulp necrosis secondary to trauma." 06/01/2011 - "This study compared clinically and radiographically the use of zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE) and a commercial calcium hydroxide and polyethylene glycol-based paste (Calen(®) ) thickened with zinc oxide as root canal-filling materials for primary teeth with pulp necrosis secondary to trauma within 18months of follow up. "
8.	Polyethylene Glycols (Polyethylene Glycol)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2011 - "This study compared clinically and radiographically the use of zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE) and a commercial calcium hydroxide and polyethylene glycol-based paste (Calen(®) ) thickened with zinc oxide as root canal-filling materials for primary teeth with pulp necrosis secondary to trauma within 18months of follow up. "
9.	NeuropeptidesIBA 07/01/2008 - "Special attention will be given to neuropeptide interactions with pulp and immune cells via receptors, including studies regarding receptor identification, characterization, mechanisms of action, and their effects in the development of neurogenic inflammation leading to pulp necrosis. "
10.	EugenolIBA 06/01/2011 - "This study compared clinically and radiographically the use of zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE) and a commercial calcium hydroxide and polyethylene glycol-based paste (Calen(®) ) thickened with zinc oxide as root canal-filling materials for primary teeth with pulp necrosis secondary to trauma within 18months of follow up. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Crowns (Crown, Dental) 06/01/2015 - "The presence of preoperative caries, restorations or crowns of experimental teeth correlated with a significantly higher incidence of pulp necrosis. " 09/01/2009 - "This study evaluated the presence of microorganisms and analyzed microscopically the pulp of 20 traumatized human teeth with intact crowns and clinical diagnosis of pulp necrosis, based on the association of at least three of the clinical criteria: crown discoloration, negative response to thermal and electric pulp vitality tests, positive response to vertical and horizontal percussion, pain on palpation or mobility. "
2.	Root Canal Therapy 08/01/2010 - "One implant led an adjacent tooth pulp necrosis after the implantation, but the natural tooth and implant were successfully retained by root canal therapy. " 06/01/2010 - "All molars were treated with root canal therapy combined with pulp mummification, and were evaluated after 1 month, 1 year and 2 years. " 12/01/2005 - "A questionnaire survey about clinic application of three endodontic treatments including pulp mummification (PM), resinifying therapy(RT) and root canal therapy(RCT) was conducted by 136 dentists of 42 hospitals selected from three different types of hospitals in Shanghai. " 08/01/2004 - "The treatment to the late 144 cracked-teeth was excellent after 3 years' observation with root canal therapy or pulp mummification, and finally full crown restoration. " 09/01/2013 - "Thirty-five apical samples with different stages of pulp and periapical pathology (vital pulp, pulp necrosis without radiographically visible periapical lesions, chronic periapical periodontitis that had not received root canal therapy and persistent periapical periodontitis) were initially evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. "
3.	Apexification 04/01/2014 - "Immature teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis have been traditionally treated with apexification or apexogenesis approaches. " 01/01/2012 - "When immature teeth are traumatized to a degree where pulp necrosis ensues, the objective of root canal treatment should be apexogenesis and root maturation. " 12/01/2008 - "This case report highlights (i) a rare example of spontaneous apexification despite pulp necrosis and periradicular pathosis, and (ii) pulpal necrosis and periapical pathosis following secondary trauma. " 01/01/2009 - "A 50:50 mixture of Ledermix paste and Ca(OH)2 has been advocated as an intracanal dressing in cases of infected root canals, pulp necrosis and infection with incomplete root formation (apexification), perforations, inflammatory root resorption, inflammatory periapical bone resorption, and for the treatment of large periapical radiolucent lesions."
4.	Replantation 02/18/2015 - "The dental pulp of 80% (4/5) young permanent teeth replanted within 30 minutes remained vital, while all the teeth replanted after 30 minutes developed pulp necrosis within 60 days after replantation. " 12/01/2001 - "Total pulp necrosis appeared in 10 replanted teeth on the denervated side and in 5 on the innervated, indicating that sensory nerves promote survival of the pulp after replantation. " 08/01/2008 - "Endodontic treatment was implemented a few days after the reimplantation because of the pulp necrosis that originated from a neurovascular bundle rupture. " 03/01/2000 - "From the results of this investigation, it may be concluded that an infection of the pulp - due to delay of treatment or attempts at endodontic therapy - should be avoided before intentional replantation of immature front teeth with pulp necrosis. "
5.	Pulpotomy 01/01/2011 - "The inflammatory response was less severe, the area of pulp necrosis was smaller, and more frequent formation of a mineralized tissue barrier was noted after pulpotomy was performed with Copaifera langsdorffii oil-resin compared to the other materials tested." 01/01/1994 - "As far as the effect of local factors on root resorption and formation process our findings indicated that decay, pulp necrosis and pulpotomy hastened the rate of root resorption of the deciduous molars, while they did not influence the rate of root formation of the corresponding permanent teeth." 10/01/2004 - "According to treatment type, root-fractured teeth with pulp necrosis or exposed pulps were divided into five groups, group 1: 17 teeth in which the root canal of the coronal fragment only was filled with gutta-percha (GP); group 2: seven teeth in which the root canals of the coronal and apical fragments were both filled with GP; group 3: 19 teeth in which the coronal fragment was filled with GP and the apical fragment was surgically removed; group 4: 68 teeth where the root canal of the coronal fragment was treated with calcium hydroxide and subsequently filled with GP; and group 5: five vital teeth with root and concomitant crown fractures in which the exposed pulps were treated by partial pulpotomy. "