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Dental Enamel Hypoplasia

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An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.

Also Known As:

Enamel Agenesis; Enamel Hypoplasia, Dental; Hypoplasia, Dental Enamel; Hypoplastic Enamel; Molar Incisor Hypomineralization; Ageneses, Enamel; Agenesis, Enamel; Enamel Ageneses; Enamel Hypoplasias; Enamel, Hypoplastic; Hypomineralization, Molar Incisor; Hypoplasia, Enamel; Hypoplasias, Enamel; Enamel Hypoplasia

Networked: 162 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Dental Caries (White Spot)
2.	Cleft Lip (Harelip)
3.	Abscess
4.	Tooth Wear
5.	X-Linked Dominant Hypophosphatemic Rickets (X-Linked Hypophosphatemia)

Experts

1.	Brogårdh-Roth, Susanne: 3 articles (01/2015 - 01/2010)
2.	Kim, J-W: 3 articles (04/2008 - 05/2004)
3.	Matsson, Lars: 2 articles (01/2015 - 02/2011)
4.	Masumo, Ray: 2 articles (05/2014 - 01/2012)
5.	Billings, Ronald J: 2 articles (05/2014 - 04/2004)
6.	Simmer, James P: 2 articles (01/2013 - 12/2002)
7.	Phipps, Kathy R: 2 articles (09/2012 - 06/2010)
8.	Griffin, R C: 2 articles (12/2009 - 01/2007)
9.	Donlon, D: 2 articles (12/2009 - 01/2007)
10.	Seow, W Kim: 2 articles (09/2009 - 01/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Dental Enamel Hypoplasia:

1.	CalciumIBA 03/01/1979 - "Studies of children with disorders of calcium and phosphate homeostasis indicate that hypocalcaemia, but not hypophosphataemia, is a significant and specific factor in the etiology of enamel hypoplasia. " 01/01/1990 - "Furthermore, Seow et al. (1989) showed recently that deficiency of calcium and phosphate mineral in the neonatal period is related directly to enamel hypoplasia in very-low birthweight, prematurely born children. " 06/01/1981 - "The observations led us to the hypothesis that a low serum calcium concentration during enamel formation is a specific determinant of enamel hypoplasia. " 03/01/1979 - "Chemical determinants of enamel hypoplasia in children with disorders of calcium and phosphate homeostasis." 02/01/1986 - "Maxillary incisors of young rats fed a diet deficient in calcium and vitamin D for 4 weeks developed hypoplastic enamel surfaces. "
2.	FluoridesIBA 09/01/2001 - "Clinical data included parent and child bacterial measures, fingernail fluoride analyses, caries prevalence and presence of child enamel hypoplasia. " 05/01/1985 - "The lower incidence of enamel caries is likely due to high fluoride ingestion which also may have influenced the expression of enamel hypoplasia. " 01/01/1979 - "The incidence of fluoride-induced enamel hypoplasia as determined by Kunz on the same test persons, resulted in a distinct increase of 74 per cent for the "fluoride group" vis-à-vis the reference group with a 33 per cent increase only." 12/01/1967 - "Nonfluoride enamel hypoplasia in varying fluoride-temperature zones." 01/01/1996 - "This study also indicates that the presence of enamel hypoplasia may be a predisposing factor for initiation and progression of dental caries, and a predictor of high caries susceptibility in a community, particularly if fluoride programs are not implemented."
3.	IronIBA 01/01/2014 - " the age of 4.1 years, she exhibited basal dental enamel hypoplasia, iron deficiency anaemia despite repeated iron supplementation, with persistent reduced height (-2.79 SDS), BMI (-0.76 SDS), growth velocity (-1.79 SDS) and delayed bone age (1.5 year). " 12/01/2009 - "In this pilot study, skeletal remains from an Iron Age tomb at Pella in Jordan were analysed for the presence of linear and pit enamel hypoplasia, to investigate enamel hypoplasia aetiology by comparison of the results obtained for adults and juveniles, and females and males. " 01/01/2009 - "Compared with wild-type mice, the incisors of the Col17(-/-) mice exhibited reduced yellow pigmentation, diminished iron deposition, delayed calcification, and markedly irregular enamel prisms, indicating the presence of enamel hypoplasia. " 01/01/2007 - "This symptom of growth disruption is used here to examine possible changes in health occurring at the transition between the Bronze Age and Iron Age in Jordan, through examination of enamel hypoplasias in skeletal remains from two tombs at the archaeological site of Pella. " 10/01/1999 - "Other pictures of clinical presentation besides the classical one deserve attention namely short stature, iron-resistant anaemia, enamel hypoplasia, constipation, neurological manifestation and osteoporosis, among others. "
4.	Vitamin D FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2014 - "Inadequate maternal vitamin D (assessed by using 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD]) levels during pregnancy may affect tooth calcification, predisposing enamel hypoplasia and early childhood caries (ECC). " 01/01/1990 - "4. One patient with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant ricket, one with vitamin D-dependent ricket type II and one with galactosemia patient had no enamel hypoplasia. " 02/01/1986 - "Maxillary incisors of young rats fed a diet deficient in calcium and vitamin D for 4 weeks developed hypoplastic enamel surfaces. " 06/01/1981 - "In a study of children with chronic disorders of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, enamel hypoplasia was found in hereditary vitamin D-dependency rickets and in hypoparathyroidism, conditions characterized by hypocalcemia, and was not found in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, a condition in which the plasma calcium concentration is normal. "
5.	Doxycycline (Vibramycin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2015 - "This study failed to demonstrate dental staining, enamel hypoplasia, or tooth color differences among children who received short-term courses of doxycycline at <8 years of age. "
6.	Dimenhydrinate (DMH)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2012 - "This study focused on the relationship between Deciduous Molar Hypomineralization (DMH) and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH). "
7.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 05/01/2010 - "This study documents and interprets systemic stress during the agricultural transition in prehistoric Japan using linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) defects and cribra orbitalia (CO) lesions. "
8.	N 30IBA 01/01/2015 - "The study included 69 patients with AI, aged 6-25 yr: 33 males and 36 females (mean age 14.5 ± 4.3); healthy controls (n = 80), patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP; n = 30), and patients with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH; n = 39). "
9.	TaurodontismIBA 04/01/2013 - "Tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome is an autosomal dominant trait characterized by curly kinky hair at birth, enamel hypoplasia, taurodontism, thickening of cortical bones and variable expression of craniofacial morphology. " 12/01/2008 - "The 17-year-old female revealed mainly peg-shaped incisors, long thin-rooted teeth, malformed molars, microdontia, and enamel hypoplasia; and the 10-year-old male showed a short lingual frenulum, peg-shaped incisors, shallow cusps, agenesis of mandibular second premolars, and taurodontism. " 12/01/2005 - "Tricho-dento-osseous dysplasia is a rare autosomal dominant disorder which involves increased bone density, enamel hypoplasia, enlarged pulp chambers, and molar taurodontism. " 07/01/1999 - "While enamel hypoplasia and taurodontism appear to be present in all TDO cases, non-dental features may be absent, with approximately half of TDO cases losing the kinky/curly hair phenotype seen in infancy by adolescence, and in almost 20% of cases, osseous changes are not evident. " 03/01/1998 - "The main clinical manifestations of TDO include taurodontism, enamel hypoplasia, kinky, curly hair at birth and increased thickness and density of the cranial bones. "
10.	Tetracycline (Achromycin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2015 - "Tetracycline is contraindicated in children because of the risk for dysosteogenesis and enamel hypoplasia. " 12/01/1999 - "Discolouration of permanent teeth and enamel hypoplasia due to tetracycline." 09/01/1998 - "To illustrate this, the report presents a case of a 15 year old Nigerian girl with combined tetracycline staining and chronological enamel hypoplastic defects on her teeth. " 06/01/1980 - "[Tetracycline and enamel hypoplasia]." 07/01/1966 - "[Pigmentation and enamel hypoplasia of the teeth following tetracycline therapy]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Solid-State Lasers 01/01/2014 - "The use of the Er:YAG laser, with the appropriate energy, was effective in the selective removal of carious tissue and enamel hypoplasia. " 01/01/2014 - "In the second case, we treated a 26-year-old female patient, affected by junctional EB, with generalized enamel hypoplasia, and an Er:YAG laser (2,940 μm, 265 mJ, 25 Hz) was used to remove the damaged enamel on maxillary incisors. "
2.	Oral Hygiene (Dental Hygiene) 05/01/2014 - "Focusing on 6-36 months old infants, this study assessed (1) whether socio-economic status, current anthropometric status, presence of enamel hypoplasia, number of erupted teeth, oral hygiene and consumption of sugared snacks varied between children with normal birthweight (NBW) and low birthweight (LBW) and (2) the association between ECC and birthweight whilst adjusting for covariates of ECC, such as current anthropometric status. " 01/01/2015 - "Oral status was recorded (oral hygiene, presence of enamel hypoplasia and intraoral soft tissue lesions). " 12/01/2013 - "Streptococcus mutans colonization in young children was associated with gender, tooth enamel hypoplasia, low birth weight, frequent consumption of sweets and poor oral hygiene." 02/01/2011 - "Molar-incisor hypomineralization and oral hygiene in 10- to-12-yr-old Swedish children born preterm." 01/01/2010 - "The recording of oral pathologies and aspecific stresses, in order to obtain information about the health status of the population, shows a very high frequency of caries mainly related to poor dental hygiene, and of enamel hypoplasia."
3.	Parathyroidectomy 02/01/2005 - "Earlier studies in rats have reported a severe hypocalcaemia and enamel hypoplasia a month after thyro-parathyroidectomy (TPTX). "
4.	General Anesthesia 01/01/2015 - "This study evaluated oral health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL) in children and families before and after dental treatment under general anesthesia because of severe caries or molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). "
5.	Crowns (Crown, Dental) 07/01/2014 - "MIM anomalies of the permanent first molars and deciduous second molars may include normal crowns with a constricted cervical region and thin, narrow, and short roots, whereas the affected maxillary central incisors may exhibit a hypoplastic enamel notch near the cervical third of the clinical crown. " 01/01/1995 - "The patient presented at the age of 8 years, and, following clinical and radiographic examination, a diagnosis was made of crown dilaceration with lingual displacement of the incisal third of the permanent mandibular central incisors, and hypoplastic enamel on all but the gingival third of their crowns. " 01/01/1997 - "Such preconditions may apply in the case of mandibulo-alveolar protrusion, anomalies where there is little or no option to fixing orthodontic appliances (enamel hypoplasia or shortened crowns), severe transversal discrepancies and skeletal dysgnathia with pronounced malpositioning in the alveolar process and the teeth. " 09/01/1999 - "This paper discusses the management of a patient with enamel hypoplasia using a combination of adhesive systems including enamel- and dentine-bonded veneers, dentine-bonded crowns, a cantilever resin-retained bridge, bonded amalgam restorations and chairside tin plating. " 04/01/2013 - "We show that tephra caused severe dental fluorosis, with bone fluoride levels up to 5,175 ppm. Among subadults, tephra caused pathologic development of newly emerging teeth typical of fluorosis, including enamel hypoplasia, breakages, pitting, mottling, and extremely rapid ablation of entire crowns down to underlying pulp cavities. "