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Electron Transport Complex IV (Cytochrome c Oxidase)

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A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Also Known As:

Cytochrome c Oxidase; Oxidase, Cytochrome; Cytochrome-c Oxidase (Complex IV); Cytochrome Oxidase; Bacterial Electron Transport Complex IV; Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit III; Cytochrome a,a3; Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit VIa; Cytochrome-c Oxidase Subunit III; Cytochrome-c Oxidase Subunit IV; Ferrocytochrome c Oxygen Oxidoreductase; Heme aa3 Cytochrome Oxidase; Mitochondrial Electron Transport Complex IV; Pre-CTOX p25; Signal Peptide p25-Subunit IV Cytochrome Oxidase; Subunit III, Cytochrome Oxidase; p25 Presequence Peptide-Cytochrome Oxidase; Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit III; Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit IV; Oxidase, Cytochrome-c; Signal Peptide p25 Subunit IV Cytochrome Oxidase; p25 Presequence Peptide Cytochrome Oxidase; Cytochrome aa3; Cytochrome-c Oxidase; Ferricytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase

Networked: 1505 relevant articles (24 outcomes, 132 trials/studies)

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Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Taylor, Robert W: 13 articles (09/2014 - 02/2004)
2.	Zeviani, Massimo: 11 articles (12/2015 - 08/2002)
3.	Turnbull, Douglass M: 9 articles (02/2013 - 11/2002)
4.	Tachtsidis, Ilias: 8 articles (10/2014 - 03/2007)
5.	Avadhani, Narayan G: 7 articles (01/2013 - 03/2003)
6.	Levy, Richard J: 7 articles (03/2011 - 02/2004)
7.	Shoubridge, Eric A: 6 articles (03/2015 - 01/2003)
8.	Blakely, Emma L: 6 articles (02/2013 - 02/2008)
9.	Smith, Martin: 6 articles (01/2013 - 03/2007)
10.	Elwell, Clare E: 6 articles (01/2013 - 03/2007)

Related Diseases

1.	Anoxia (Hypoxia) 11/01/2012 - "In OT-stimulated cells, phospho-Akt accumulates intracellularly close to the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4. Functional analyses reveal the involvement of Akt/ERK1/2 pathways in cell proliferation, migration, and protection against the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of hypoxia and serum deprivation. " 02/01/1994 - "Hypoxia completely relieved the cytochrome-c-oxidase deficit. " 06/30/1999 - "The aim of the present study was to compare the capacity of the oxidative metabolism (total activity of cytochrome c oxidase, COX) in the right and left ventricular myocardium of adult rats exposed to intermittent high altitude (IHA) hypoxia simulated in a barochamber (5,000 m, 8 h/day, 5 days/wk, for a total of 32 exposures). " 07/25/1997 - "This study sought to link the hypoxia-induced changes in cytochrome oxidase to the inhibition of respiration seen in intact cells. " 09/01/2015 - "Hypoxia induced an increase in the activity of cytochrome c oxidase only at 4590 m. "
2.	Muscular Diseases (Myopathy) 03/01/1992 - "Morphological studies failed to show ragged-red fibers but there was lipid storage myopathy and decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity. " 01/01/1991 - "In the fatal infantile myopathy due to cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency, an autosomal recessive condition, immunocytochemical studies have shown an isolated defect of subunit VIIa, which is 1 of the only 2 tissue-specific subunits of human COX. " 02/01/2001 - "Skeletal muscle showed severe degenerating myopathy found to be full of ragged-red fibers (RRFs), an increased number of lipid droplets, and severe cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency. " 07/01/2000 - "Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency is an important cause of myopathy or encephalomyopathy. " 10/01/1999 - "A missense mutation of cytochrome oxidase subunit II causes defective assembly and myopathy."
3.	Polymyositis 04/01/2013 - "Polymyositis with cytochrome C oxidase negative fibers--a pathological and clinical challenge." 01/01/1997 - "We evaluated 10 patients with histologically typical polymyositis except for an excess of muscle fibres with absent cytochrome oxidase (COX) staining. " 01/01/1997 - "Polymyositis with cytochrome oxidase negative muscle fibres. " 04/01/2013 - "Polymyositis (PM) with cytochrome C oxidase negative fibers also referred to as PM with mitochondrial pathology (PM-Mito) is characterized by the symptoms of inclusion body myositis (IBM) and by the myopathological findings of PM except for an increase of muscle fibers with insufficient mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase activity. " 01/01/1996 - "We studied mitochondrial function in inflammatory myopathies, using cytochrome c oxidase (COX) reaction on muscle biopsy samples from 30 patients (15 with dermatomyositis, 12 with polymyositis, and 3 with inclusion body myositis) and 30 age-matched controls. "
4.	Ischemia 02/12/2013 - "The ischemia group mitochondria also exhibited decreased respiration coupled to decreased expression and activity of the electron transport chain complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). " 05/01/2007 - "We recently found that during ischemia PKA activation causes inactivation of cytochrome-c oxidase (CcO) and contributes to myocardial damage due to ischemia-reperfusion. " 04/03/2007 - "Site specific phosphorylation of cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, IVi1 and Vb in rabbit hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion." 06/01/2005 - "The mean rate of change in net oxidized minus reduced cytochrome a,a3 redox status in the brain following 7.5 min of ischemia was 0.49 +/- 0.26 micromol L(-1) min(-1), and, the corresponding mean magnitude of change was -1.23 +/- 0.57 micromol L(-1). " 06/01/2001 - "After 30 and 45 min of ischemia in the isolated perfused rabbit heart, subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM), located beneath the plasma membrane, sustain a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation through cytochrome oxidase. "
5.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 11/01/2011 - "Data collected included measures of training status (running volume, body weight, run-to-exhaustion time, and skeletal muscle cytochrome c oxidase activity), flow cytometric analysis of cell phenotypes and apoptosis (CD45+, CD11b+, Annexin+, Annexin+/PI+, PI+), and cytokine concentrations in cell lysates. " 08/01/2002 - "Animals were swum for 60 min.d(-1) for 1 wk. One week of swim training significantly increased plantaris cytochrome oxidase activity, as well as significantly increasing left ventricular (LV) weight and the left ventricular:body weight (LV/BW) ratio. " 06/01/1998 - "Brown adipose tissue (BAT) cytochrome oxidase activity, although slightly lower than in P rats (P = 469.96 +/- 16.20 vs CL = 414.48 +/- 11.32 U/BAT x kg body weight, P < 0.05), was still much higher than in control rats (C = 159.55 +/- 11.54 vs CL = 414.48 +/- 11.32 U/BAT x kg body weight, P < 0.05). " 10/01/1989 - "More gradual loss of organ (liver, spleen, and thymus) cytochrome c oxidase activity was observed during the next 4 wk. Body weight was equivalent between +Cu and -Cu mice, but thymus weight dropped faster in -Cu mice than +Cu mice. " 03/01/1986 - "Moreover, cold exposure also decreased body weight gain and increased brown adipose tissue mass, total cytochrome-oxidase activity, and cellularity by approximately 600-800%. "

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