Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.

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Networked: 18416 relevant articles (2124 outcomes, 3178 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Hortobagyi, Gabriel N: 39 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Vizzard, Margaret A: 29 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
3.	Pfreundschuh, Michael: 27 articles (10/2014 - 01/2002)
4.	Jones, Richard J: 26 articles (10/2015 - 07/2002)
5.	Martino, Silvana: 26 articles (09/2015 - 01/2003)
6.	O'Brien, Susan: 26 articles (06/2015 - 01/2002)
7.	Brodsky, Robert A: 25 articles (10/2015 - 03/2002)
8.	Norton, Larry: 25 articles (08/2014 - 02/2002)
9.	von Minckwitz, Gunter: 23 articles (10/2015 - 10/2002)
10.	Wolmark, Norman: 23 articles (09/2015 - 06/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 03/01/1982 - "injection of 15 mg cyclophosphamide (CY) per kg cured most mice bearing large MOPC-315 tumors (20 to 25 mm; Day 12 to Day 16 tumors) but rarely cured mice bearing nonpalpable tumors (Day 4 tumors). " 08/01/2014 - "Although the addition of cyclophosphamide to irradiation did not improve survival or reduce tumor progression, the combination of radiation, cyclophosphamide and autologous T-cell infusion induced durable remissions and markedly improved survival. " 11/22/2013 - "Cyclophosphamide is one of several clinically important cancer drugs whose therapeutic efficacy is due in part to their ability to stimulate antitumor immune responses. " 01/01/2004 - "Moreover, adoptive transfer of TCR-transduced Th1 cells, but not mock-transduced Th1 cells, exhibited potent antitumor activity in vivo and, when combined with cyclophosphamide treatment, completely eradicated established tumor masses. " 01/01/1993 - "However, the challenged mice that had developed progressively growing tumors could then be cured by cyclophosphamide alone when the tumor became large, even though this treatment was not curative for mice bearing a tumor of similar size but not previously treated by ACIT. "
2.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer) 11/01/2000 - "[Three cases of metastatic breast cancer, resistant to pre-chemo and/or endocrine therapy, markedly improved with UFT and cyclophosphamide oral combination therapy]." 05/01/2010 - "Compared with controls, both cyclophosphamide and CMF significantly improved disease-free survival and OS, and the benefits persisted for at least 25 years in premenopausal patients who had high-risk breast cancer." 12/15/1989 - "The authors conclude that a single cycle of high-dose cyclophosphamide intensification in metastatic breast cancer does not result in significantly improved responses or prolonged survival." 01/01/2011 - "Increased efficacy and reduced cardiotoxicity of metronomic treatment with cyclophosphamide in rat breast cancer." 12/01/2007 - "Noninvasive assessment of (18)F-F-CP uptake using PET may potentially be helpful for predicting the response of breast tumors to cyclophosphamide before therapy begins."
3.	Lymphoma (Lymphomas) 05/01/1984 - "Best results of treatment were achieved with the T-lymphoma line L735 treated with Cyclophosphamide and Etoposid. " 05/01/1967 - "Complete lymphoma remission during cyclophosphamide therapy." 10/01/2000 - "Mice suffering from such lymphomas could not be cured with a regimen using high dose cyclophosphamide similar to many ALCL patients. " 01/01/2014 - "Efficacy of the drug administered in so-called lymphoma treatment protocol (4 x 375 mg/m2/week) has been shown not to be inferior to cyclophosphamide. " 10/01/2013 - "Information was obtained regarding signalment, lymphoma stage, concurrent diseases, cyclophosphamide doses administered, adverse effects (including SHC), remission rates, and outcomes. "
4.	Lupus Nephritis 04/01/2014 - "There is little evidence to support the common assumption that intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide is the best treatment for lupus nephritis. " 06/01/2011 - "Ever since the introduction of cyclophosphamide (CY), the management of lupus nephritis has dramatically changed, and its prognosis has greatly improved. " 08/01/1989 - "Bolus intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy (IVCY) has recently been the subject of considerable attention because it is occasionally very effective in the treatment of severe lupus nephritis. " 08/01/1989 - "[A case of lupus nephritis resistant to steroid pulse therapy markedly improved by bolus intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy]." 03/01/2005 - "This house believes that low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide is superior to standard high-dose regimes for treatment of lupus nephritis."
5.	Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (Lymphosarcoma) 02/01/1991 - "A study has been in progress since June 1985 to evaluate the use of myeloablative therapy (cyclophosphamide [60 mg/kg x 2] and total body irradiation [200 cGy x 6]) followed by reinfusion of autologous bone marrow in patients in second or subsequent remission of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. " 01/15/2004 - "Inadequate clearance of cyclophosphamide to active metabolites is associated with increased risk of recurrence of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children. " 01/15/2004 - "The median clearance of cyclophosphamide in patients who remain free of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was 3.7 liter/h/m(2) (range, 2.3-5.0 liter/h/m(2)), compared with 2.2 (range, 1.5-2.5 liter/h/m(2)) in those with disease recurrence. " 01/01/1967 - "[Remission of the generalized radiologic pattern of reticulosarcoma of the skeletal system in the course of treatment with endoxan]." 10/01/1966 - "Efficacy of cyclophosphamide in the management of reticulum cell sarcoma."

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3.	Prednisone (Sone)
4.	rituximab (Mabthera)
5.	Methotrexate (Mexate)
6.	Prednisolone (Predate)
7.	Fluorouracil (Carac)
8.	Etoposide (VP 16)
9.	Cisplatin (Platino)
10.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy)
3.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)
4.	Transplants (Transplant)
5.	Adjuvant Chemotherapy