Cyanosis

A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1005 relevant articles (38 outcomes, 24 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)
2.	Hemolytic Anemia
3.	Methemoglobinemia
4.	Anoxia (Hypoxia)
5.	Bradycardia

Experts

1.	Gatzoulis, Michael A: 5 articles (02/2011 - 06/2006)
2.	Dimopoulos, Konstantinos: 4 articles (12/2013 - 06/2006)
3.	Francis, Darrel P: 4 articles (11/2012 - 06/2006)
4.	Diller, Gerhard-Paul: 4 articles (03/2010 - 06/2006)
5.	McCrindle, Brian W: 3 articles (04/2015 - 03/2010)
6.	Manlhiot, Cedric: 3 articles (04/2015 - 03/2010)
7.	Percy, Melanie J: 3 articles (07/2009 - 01/2004)
8.	Barber, M J: 3 articles (03/2006 - 06/2005)
9.	Crowley, L J: 3 articles (03/2006 - 06/2005)
10.	Percy, M J: 3 articles (03/2006 - 06/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cyanosis:

1.	OxygenIBA 08/01/1999 - "Despite continuous supplement of oxygen, cyanosis was not improved. " 01/01/1999 - "The patient's oxygen saturation rose to 98% to 100%, and her cyanosis improved. " 09/01/1994 - "Cyanosis that is brownish and not relieved by oxygen administration should lead to consideration of the diagnosis. " 07/01/2015 - "Immediate referral to hospital should be arranged if there is: apnoea (observed or reported), the child looks seriously unwell, severe respiratory distress, marked chest recession or a respiratory rate >70 breaths/minute, central cyanosis or persistent oxygen saturation < 92% when breathing room air." 01/01/2015 - "On initial evaluation, he was lethargic with peripheral cyanosis and oxygen saturation in the low 70 s on room air, necessitating endotracheal intubation. "
2.	Methylene Blue (Methylthioninium Chloride)FDA Link 06/01/2010 - "After a single dose of methylene blue (1 mg/kg/dose), cyanosis was reduced and oxygenation improved. " 04/01/1989 - "Cyanosis was cleared and O2 saturation and PaO2 were normalized 15 mn after methylene blue (1 mg/kg) administered intravenously. " 04/01/1989 - "Pulse oximeters currently available are not helpful in patients treated with methylene blue and should be used with caution in patients who present with cyanosis of unknown origin." 01/01/1981 - "Methylene blue again cleared the cyanosis. " 11/01/2014 - "Methylene blue was administered and the patient promptly responded with resolution of cyanosis. "
3.	DapsoneFDA Link 01/01/2013 - "After cessation of dapsone, his clinical cyanosis recuperated, his exercise tolerance and functional capacity improved and his FMetHb normalised to 1%." 04/05/2012 - "[Lip cyanosis in dapsone therapy: should the dosage be reduced?]." 06/01/2014 - "An 84-year-old woman with dapsone-induced massive methemoglobinemia visited our emergency department for unclear mentality and cyanosis. " 02/01/1985 - "[Toxic methemoglobinemia following the postoperative ingestion of 4,4-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DADPS)--on the differential diagnosis of cyanosis]." 09/01/2011 - "Excluding overdose situations, 18 described symptomatic dapsone-associated methemoglobinemia and clinical presentation ranging from cyanosis to dyspnea. "
4.	MethemoglobinIBA 01/01/2014 - "When he arrived at a regional hospital, he was drowsy with cyanosis and his initial serum methemoglobin (MetHb) level was 59.5%. " 03/01/2013 - "Spontaneously, the cyanosis gradually decreased and by the fifth month of age the methemoglobin level was normal. " 07/01/2009 - "Here we report a six-year old boy who presented with central cyanosis and upon examination revealed a methemoglobin level of 19.0%. " 11/01/2008 - "When the concentration of methemoglobin in the blood is above 1.5%, the patient develops cyanosis, the main characteristic of this disorder. " 04/01/2005 - "Patients develop profound cyanosis unresponsive to O2 when methemoglobin (MHb) levels exceed 10%. "
5.	Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2009 - "Cyanosis can be well treated by 200-500 mg of ascorbic acid daily; there is no effective therapy for the progressive neurological impairments. " 12/01/2008 - "His cyanosis promptly resolved after intravenous administration of ascorbic acid. " 01/01/1979 - "Diagnosis was based on anamnestical data that was used water from unhygenic well, on cyanosis of various intensity and that have disappeared during the treatment with vitamin C and not give any recurrence later. " 07/01/2009 - "Treatment with ascorbic acid relieved the cyanosis and returned methemoglobin levels to normal." 01/01/1995 - "Our diagnosis was confirmed by disappearing of cyanosis after ascorbic acid was applied, by values of methemoglobin reductase of the infant and its father, anamnestic data revealing that mother had had temporary cyanosis during her infancy, and satisfactory clinical course of illness."
6.	Hemoglobins (Hemoglobin)IBA 11/01/1958 - "Evaluation of chemical cyanosis through improved techniques for hemoglobin analysis." 07/01/1960 - "Studies on an abnormal hemoglobin causing hereditary congenital cyanosis." 03/01/2013 - "This hemoglobin variant, not previously described, was called Hb F Viseu and is the sixth Gγ-chain variant reported in association with neonatal cyanosis." 01/01/2009 - "Cyanosis is a bluish skin due to deoxygenated hemoglobin or methomoglobin in the arterial blood.Central" 12/01/2005 - "Preoperative chronic cyanosis, expressed by elevated hemoglobin concentration, is predictive for early mortality. "
7.	GasesIBA 06/01/1996 - "Surgical closure of the defect resulted in cure with disappearance of cyanosis and normalisation of blood gases. " 02/01/1999 - "Blood gases showed a PO2 at 63 mmHg in ambient air and 62 mmHg with FiO2 = 1. There was no dyspnea or cyanosis nor any apparent polycythemia. " 06/01/1990 - "The clinical pictures were also of severe air-hunger, cyanosis and hypoxemia associated with diffusive interstitial edema of lungs, while the mean values of blood gases were much less compared with those of patients on plain, being P-a O2 33 mm Hg, Sat. " 03/01/2004 - "For the that was physical exam, we included breathing difficult, (eight points of Silverman's) and cyanosis; initial arterial gases: hypoxemia and hypocapnia (acute respiratory failure type I); thorax X-ray; increase of bronchial plot and of parahiliary density; normal lungs, pleuro-peritoneal membrane and solid mass superimposed on heart silhouette were observed and confirmed by echocardiogram. " 01/01/1994 - "Bronchoscopy was normal, but study of blood gases showed a refractory hypoxemia with moderate cyanosis and hemoglobin at 16.2 g/dl. "
8.	C-Reactive ProteinIBA 07/12/2003 - "Predictors for bacterial meningitis were the main complaint and vomiting (in the history) persisting for a long time, the presence of meningeal irritation, cyanosis, petechiae, disturbed consciousness (during physical examination), and a high serum concentration of C-reactive protein. " 10/01/1992 - "Symptoms of cough, nausea and malaise, and clinical findings of cyanosis, bibasilar crackles, reduced lung volumes, hypoxemia, leukocytosis, elevated ESR, positive C-reactive protein, and bilateral diffuse reticulonodular shadows on chest roentgenogram improved after the patient was removed from exposure. " 02/01/2012 - "Fever, phlegm, shortness of breath, tachypnea, cyanosis were observed at significantly higher levels in group I compared to group II. Serum hemoglobin, glucose, albumin levels, arterial oxygen saturation were significantly lower in group I compared to group II; aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, blood urea nitrogen levels, time between onset of symptoms and commencement of antiviral treatment were all significantly higher in group I. This study shows that in addition to demographic characteristics and clinical findings, prognosis of patients with A (H1N1) virus infection can be determined beforehand with various laboratory tests. "
9.	Tranexamic Acid (AMCA)FDA Link 05/01/1996 - "However, when the children with cyanosis were analyzed separately, there was a highly significant difference in blood loss between the groups during the first 6 hours (11.2 +/- 3.7 ml/kg per 6 hours, tranexamic acid, vs 27.2 +/- 11.4 mls/kg per 6 hours, placebo; p < 0.002), as well as the overall 24 hour study period (23.7 +/- 7.5 mls/kg per 24 hours, tranexamic acid, vs 48.9 +/- 27.6 mls/kg per 24 hours, placebo; p < 0.02). " 05/01/1996 - "Tranexamic acid produced a significant reduction in postoperative blood loss and blood product requirements in children with cyanosis undergoing heart operations. "
10.	Alprostadil (Muse)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1989 - "If performed under vigorously controlled conditions including an infusion of prostaglandin E1 in cases with severe cyanosis and the use of large diameter balloons, this method is relatively safe and generally efficacious since in 70% of cases it circumvents the need for surgery." 01/01/1988 - "The presumption of agenesis of the ductus arteriosus was made because there was no reduction in cyanosis following prostaglandin E1 treatment and no remnant of ductus arteriosus could be demonstrated by angiography at 19 h of age. " 05/01/2007 - "Postnatal cyanosis and arterial hypoxemia prompted commencement of intravenous prostaglandin E1 with immediate improvement in saturations. " 09/01/2009 - "A VPS was suspected before born and a pregnancy ended in programated caesarean delivery at 38 GW, obtaining a 3 kg male, in which early echocardiography reported a severe PVS, promptly was initiated prostaglandin E1 (PgE1) infusion avoiding patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure, following a percutaneus balloon dilatation valvuloplasty at 48 hours, improving cyanosis and transvalvular Doppler flow. " 11/01/2011 - "The data collected included antenatal diagnosis, place of birth, gestational age, total maturation score as described by Childs, weight, cyanosis as assessed by minimal SpO(2) sustained for at least 10 min, balloon atrial septostomy, prostaglandin E1 infusion, need for neonatal intensive care, bypass time, time to extubation, and length of stay in intensive care. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 08/01/2010 - "The case/ cyanosis in a hemodialysis patient." 05/01/1996 - "The case of a hemodialysis patient with cyanosis of the hand distal to an AV fistula is described. " 07/01/2000 - "Due to severe cyanosis of the legs below the knees and severe hyperkalemia, he had undergone embolectomy of the right femoral artery and hemodialysis. " 11/01/2008 - "This study describes a case of deliberate severe dapsone overdose with cyanosis, methemoglobinemia, and hemolytic anemia, which improved after repetitive hemodialysis." 11/01/2008 - "This study describes a case of deliberate severe dapsone overdose with cyanosis, methemoglobinemia, and hemolytic anemia, which improved after repetitive hemodialysis."
2.	Stents 05/01/1999 - "There are two cases of obstruction of a modified Blalock anastomosis in which the stent revascularised the shunt with improvement in cyanosis. " 06/01/2013 - "Nine patients experienced worsening of cyanosis about 4 months after stent placemen. " 10/01/2007 - "All patients in whom stent implantation was successful had adequate relief of their cyanosis and were discharged home. " 08/01/2006 - "Endovascular stents for relief of cyanosis in single-ventricle patients with shunt or conduit-dependent pulmonary blood flow." 11/01/2009 - "A total of 18 (8.6%) patients presented with cyanosis due to conduit stenosis with median age 4 months and median weight 6.3 kg. Twelve patients underwent transcatheter stent placement in stenosed RV-PA conduit. "
3.	Right Heart Bypass (Cavopulmonary Anastomosis) 02/01/2008 - "Conversion from total cavopulmonary shunt to Fontan circulation: improved cyanosis with an 11-year interval." 04/01/2015 - "Medical records of patients who underwent a side-to-side anastomosis between an adjacent axillary artery and vein for cyanosis after superior cavopulmonary anastomosis between 1991 and 2010 were reviewed. " 08/01/2004 - "Stage II surgery, or partial cavopulmonary anastomosis, relieves both parallel circulation and volume overload, but not cyanosis. " 12/01/2003 - "Cyanosis and the cavopulmonary anastomosis (CPA) are associated with pulmonary arterio-venous malformations (PAVMs) in single ventricle physiology. " 08/01/1999 - "We describe a 6 month old boy with a complex imbalanced atrioventricular septal defect who developed cyanosis in the very early postoperative period, following bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. "
4.	Blalock-Taussig Procedure 11/30/1998 - "After the procedure of left Blalock-Taussig shunt at 3 months of age, cyanosis was alleviated. " 05/01/1996 - "In the first, the neonatal diagnosis was missed and the child did well until the 13th month of life when a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt was done because of increasing cyanosis. " 02/01/1985 - "One neonate, who had a Blalock-Taussig shunt at 2 weeks of age for persistent postvalvotomy cyanosis, had the shunt ligated at 2 years. " 03/01/2011 - "A 22-month-old boy with a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt for tetralogy of Fallot was admitted with severe cyanosis. " 09/01/2009 - "A modified Blalock-Taussig shunt had been implanted 3 times to treat cyanosis to a patient who has uncorrectable congenital cardiac deformity. "
5.	Resuscitation 07/01/2013 - "History of resuscitation attempt, cyanosis, and more than one ALTE in 24 hours are independent risk factors for requiring PCC management." 07/01/2013 - "The multivariable model yielded the following independent predictors for requiring PCC management: resuscitation attempt before EMS arrival, cyanosis, and more than one ALTE in 24 hours. " 01/01/2013 - "The neonate showed severe cyanosis resistant to resuscitation soon after birth, and was diagnosed with d-TGA with VSD by echocardiography. " 04/01/2007 - "Upper body cyanosis is a physical finding sometimes noted at the time of cardiac resuscitation. " 02/01/2005 - "We report on the resuscitation of an infant with a Norwood circulation who developed deep central cyanosis in an out-of-hospital environment. "