Crystallins (Crystallin)

A heterogeneous family of water-soluble structural proteins found in cells of the vertebrate lens. The presence of these proteins accounts for the transparency of the lens. The family is composed of four major groups, alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, and several minor groups, which are classed on the basis of size, charge, immunological properties, and vertebrate source. Alpha, beta, and delta crystallins occur in avian and reptilian lenses, while alpha, beta, and gamma crystallins occur in all other lenses.

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Networked: 1173 relevant articles (24 outcomes, 132 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Andley, Usha P: 25 articles (01/2016 - 03/2002)
2.	Carver, John A: 13 articles (01/2016 - 09/2002)
3.	Santhoshkumar, Puttur: 13 articles (03/2014 - 12/2004)
4.	David, Larry L: 12 articles (01/2016 - 01/2002)
5.	Yao, Ke: 12 articles (05/2014 - 07/2003)
6.	Lampi, Kirsten J: 11 articles (01/2016 - 01/2002)
7.	King, Jonathan: 11 articles (02/2014 - 03/2003)
8.	Nagaraj, Ram H: 10 articles (01/2016 - 08/2004)
9.	Fujii, Noriko: 10 articles (01/2016 - 11/2012)
10.	Pande, Jayanti: 10 articles (08/2015 - 05/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Cataract (Cataracts) 01/01/2010 - "Collectively, these data suggest a critical role for TXNL6 in MsrA repair of essential lens proteins under oxidative stress conditions and that TXNL6 is important for MsrA defense protection against cataract. " 01/01/2016 - "The objective of this study was to determine whether the cataract-related G18V variant of human γS-crystallin has increased exposure of hydrophobic residues that could explain its aggregation propensity and/or recognition by αB-crystallin. " 10/30/2015 - "Our study on modifications of crystallins induced by ionizing irradiation may provide useful information relevant to human senile cataract formation. " 08/28/2015 - "In this study, we showed that the G129C mutation in γC-crystallin, which is associated with autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract, perturbed the unfolding process by promoting the accumulation of two distinct aggregation-prone intermediates under mild denaturing conditions. " 01/01/2014 - "To study the comparative structural and functional changes between wild-type (wt) and N-terminal congenital cataract causing αA-crystallin mutants (R12C, R21L, R49C, and R54C) upon exposure to different dosages of gamma rays. "
2.	Astrocytoma (Pilocytic Astrocytoma) 03/01/2014 - "C-terminally truncated form of αB-crystallin is associated with IDH1 R132H mutation in anaplastic astrocytoma." 08/01/2009 - "To investigate the functional significance of alphaB-crystallin induction in astrocytes, we generated a stable C6 astroglioma cell line overexpressing alphaB-crystallin. " 03/19/1996 - "We have further shown that this modification is not restricted to lens alphaB-crystallin but occurs on alphaB isolated from rat heart tissue and human astroglioma cells. " 08/01/2009 - "Furthermore, the repression of alphaB-crystallin expression by alphaB-crystallin siRNA transfection suppressed this protective effect, indicating that alphaB-crystallin is responsible for the protection against H2O2-induced apoptosis in C6 astroglioma cells. " 03/19/1996 - "Metabolic pulse-chase labeling studies of U373-MG astroglioma cells indicated that turnover of the carbohydrate on alphaB-crystallin is not static but proceeds many-fold more rapidly than turnover of the protein backbone itself, consistent with a regulatory role for O-GlcNAc on this small heat shock protein."
3.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis) 12/01/2012 - "This study aims to evaluate αB-crystallin expression in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas (IDCAs), as well as, its prognostic significance. " 03/01/2011 - "A recent study revealed that αB-crystallin is overexpressed in a metastatic variant of the GI101A human breast carcinoma cell line. " 09/01/2009 - "This study used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of alphaA-crystallin and alphaB-crystallin in human sebaceous carcinoma tissues. " 06/15/2004 - "The data obtained in the current study revealed a strong association between high expression levels of alphaB-crystallin in primary breast carcinoma specimens and lymph node involvement. " 11/05/2015 - "To examine the functional consequences of αB-crystallin induction in anoikis, we stably silenced αB-crystallin in two different metastatic carcinoma cell lines. "
4.	Inflammation 01/01/2016 - "Interestingly, similar to inflammation in itself, crystallins can have a beneficial or detrimental impact on the CNS based on the context and duration of the condition. " 11/01/2014 - "Lens material including γ-crystallin is extruded into the anterior and posterior chamber due to local loss of structural integrity of the lens capsule as a secondary damage to the anterior segment development leading to congenital ocular inflammation. " 09/01/2014 - "Crystallins of the α family are thought to play a crucial role in retinal neuron survival and inflammation. " 10/01/2013 - "In contrast contact with wild type crystallin did not lead to significant inflammation. " 08/01/2012 - "Our goal was to clarify not only the role of I/R injury-mediated crystallins, but also to evaluate the correlation of these compounds to anti-inflammation in the vitreous body. "
5.	Multiple Sclerosis 07/01/2011 - "Comment on "Chaperone activity of α B-crystallin is responsible for its incorrect assignment as an autoantigen in multiple sclerosis"." 04/01/2011 - "Chaperone activity of α B-crystallin is responsible for its incorrect assignment as an autoantigen in multiple sclerosis." 07/01/2010 - "Alphab-crystallin is a target for adaptive immune responses and a trigger of innate responses in preactive multiple sclerosis lesions." 07/26/2007 - "alphaB-crystallin (CRYAB) is the most abundant gene transcript present in early active multiple sclerosis lesions, whereas such transcripts are absent in normal brain tissue. " 09/15/2000 - "The myelin-associated stress protein alphaB-crystallin triggers strong proliferative responses and IFN-gamma production by human T cells and it is considered a candidate autoantigen in multiple sclerosis. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Crystallins (Crystallin)
2.	alpha-Crystallins (alpha-Crystallin)
3.	Caspase 3 (Caspase-3)
4.	Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)
5.	Heat-Shock Proteins (Heat-Shock Protein)
6.	Desmin
7.	Sodium Selenite (Selenite)
8.	Antibodies
9.	Glutathione (Reduced Glutathione)
10.	Hydrogen Peroxide (Hydroperoxide)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lenses
2.	Sutures (Suture)
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4.	Lasers (Laser)
5.	Vitrectomy