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Cranial Nerve Diseases (Cranial Nerve Disorders)

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Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate.

Also Known As:

Cranial Nerve Disorders; Cranial Nerve Disorder; Cranial Nerve Palsies; Nervus Cranialis Disorders; Cranial Nerve Disease; Cranial Nerve Palsy; Cranial Neuropathy; Cranial Neuropathy, Multiple; Multiple Cranial Neuropathies; Multiple Cranial Neuropathy; Nervus Cranialis Disorder; Neuropathies, Multiple Cranial; Neuropathy, Cranial; Neuropathy, Multiple Cranial; Palsies, Cranial Nerve; Palsy, Cranial Nerve; Cranial Neuropathies; Cranial Neuropathies, Multiple; Neuropathies, Cranial

Networked: 361 relevant articles (15 outcomes, 15 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 6158
- Cranial Nerve Diseases: 361

Related Diseases

1.	Paralysis (Palsy)
2.	Ataxia (Dyssynergia)
3.	Acoustic Neuroma (Acoustic Neurinoma)
4.	Seizures (Seizure)
5.	Hemorrhage

Experts

1.	Brown, Martin M: 4 articles (01/2012 - 10/2009)
2.	Carlson, Matthew L: 3 articles (12/2015 - 05/2014)
3.	Haynes, David S: 3 articles (12/2015 - 05/2014)
4.	Wolden, Suzanne L: 3 articles (11/2013 - 07/2004)
5.	Ederle, Jörg: 3 articles (01/2012 - 10/2009)
6.	Bonati, Leo H: 3 articles (01/2012 - 10/2009)
7.	Driscoll, Colin L W: 2 articles (12/2015 - 01/2015)
8.	Link, Michael J: 2 articles (12/2015 - 01/2015)
9.	Liu, James K: 2 articles (06/2015 - 06/2007)
10.	Gunn, G Brandon: 2 articles (04/2015 - 08/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cranial Nerve Diseases:

1.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1996 - "The results revealed that prednisolone was not beneficial in patients with severe brain lesions, increased intracranial pressure and cranial nerve palsies. " 01/01/2010 - "The patient was initially thought to have sarcoidosis and treated with high dose prednisolone, but developed a series of cranial nerve palsies on treatment, some of which improved without any change in treatment. " 08/01/1996 - "She presented with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, left-sided lower cranial nerve palsies (8th, 9th, and 10th), and vestibular ataxia, which improved following the administration of prednisolone. "
2.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2007 - "Treatment with steroid and cyclophosphamide was started and cranial nerve palsies resolved and the number and size of lung nodules decreased. " 04/01/2015 - "Multiple cranial nerve palsies in giant cell arteritis and response to cyclophosphamide: a case report and review of the literature." 01/01/2013 - "Widespread cranial nerve palsies while on cyclophosphamide therapy: a very rare manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangitis)." 01/01/2010 - "The authors present a case of a histologically confirmed giant cell arteritis that presented unusually with bilateral and multiple cranial nerve palsies and resolved following treatment with pulsed cyclophosphamide. " 05/01/1990 - "A 15-year-old boy with non-T ALL in early 2nd remission was autografted using a regimen with busulphan 4 mg/kg/day, po, from day -9 to -6, and cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg/day, iv, from day -5 to -2. During busulphan administration he experienced a few generalized seizures, and starting on day 25 post ABMT he developed a progressively severe neurological symptomatology characterized by nystagmus, right VIth cranial nerve palsy, truncal ataxia and, finally, confusion and coma. "
3.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 12/01/1999 - "We conclude that corticosteroids may be considered in the treatment of cryptogenic cranial neuropathy, once other possible aetiologies have been excluded, with the object of modulation of the theoretical immune mechanisms involved." 12/01/1999 - "It is important to prevent irreversible cranial neuropathy during the active phase of the disease, using daily administration of corticosteroids, pulse corticosteroid therapy, or surgical decompression." 07/01/2012 - "We report a case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome in an immune compromised patient, with classic facial nerve palsy and ipsilateral ear vesicles, which rapidly evolved to involve multiple cranial neuropathies, and improved dramatically with antiviral therapy and corticosteroids. " 01/01/2014 - "It is important to note that the magnetic resonance imaging may be normal in patients with neurosarcoidosis, especially in patients with cranial neuropathy, or in patients treated with corticosteroids. "
4.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2014 - "Independent data may help to clarify whether, when, and to what extent the rates of cranial nerve palsies following particular vaccines may exceed background levels. " 09/01/2013 - "Although such occurrences are rare, it should be recognized that certain vaccines might trigger serious neurological immune phenomena such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, seizures, cranial neuropathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). "
5.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 01/01/2003 - "Botulinum toxin has a delayed onset of action and results in descending paralysis and prominent cranial nerve palsies. " 11/01/2012 - "The patient remained symptom-free for 5 months after injection.  Botulinum toxin injection may be useful for the temporary management of diplopia in multiple ocular motor cranial neuropathies." 11/01/2012 - "To report management of diplopia with botulinum toxin injection in traumatic multiple ocular motor cranial neuropathies. " 11/01/2012 - "Temporary management of diplopia with botulinum toxin in multiple ocular motor cranial neuropathies."
6.	Protons (Proton)IBA 08/01/2005 - "These results stressed the clinical efficacy of fractionated-associated photon-proton RT in the treatment of meningiomas, especially on cranial nerve palsies, without severe toxicity in almost all patients."
7.	Polyvinyl AlcoholIBA 12/01/2013 - "The use of small polyvinyl alcohol particles (45-150 μm) is more effective in preoperative devascularization than larger particles (150-250 μm), but is criticized due to the higher risk of complications such as cranial nerve palsies and postprocedural hemorrhage. "
8.	Isoflurophate (DFP)FDA Link 08/01/2015 - "Nearly all cases of DFP were developed in a descending manner and were associated with a good outcome, while other cranial neuropathies developed or followed as a sequential pattern. " 08/01/2015 - "With the exception of two patients with bulbar involvement, DFP developed after a latent period of upper-cranial neuropathies. "
9.	Busulfan (Busulfex)FDA Link 05/01/1990 - "A 15-year-old boy with non-T ALL in early 2nd remission was autografted using a regimen with busulphan 4 mg/kg/day, po, from day -9 to -6, and cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg/day, iv, from day -5 to -2. During busulphan administration he experienced a few generalized seizures, and starting on day 25 post ABMT he developed a progressively severe neurological symptomatology characterized by nystagmus, right VIth cranial nerve palsy, truncal ataxia and, finally, confusion and coma. "
10.	AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2014 - "Because abnormalities in the visually evoked potential and blink reflex were associated with antiribosomal P antibodies, they can be useful for detecting asymptomatic cranial neuropathy. " 03/01/2011 - "Recurrent multiple cranial nerve palsy and anti-GD1a antibodies." 10/01/2008 - "The possible role of anti-GQ1b antibodies in isolated cranial neuropathy is discussed." 10/15/2004 - "We conclude that anti-glycolipid antibodies may play an important role in the development of isolated cranial neuropathy in some patients." 10/15/2004 - "We describe seven patients with isolated cranial neuropathy in whom serum anti-glycolipid antibodies were detected. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Radiotherapy 01/01/2013 - "From November 1998 to December 2007, all consecutive patients with newly diagnosed NPC who were curatively treated with radiotherapy and subsequently developed radiation-induced cranial nerve palsy (RICNP) were included in our study. " 10/01/2015 - "Cranial nerves (CN) are believed to be relatively resistant to radiotherapy (RT); however, there have been case reports of cranial nerve palsy (CNP) following RT. " 08/01/2014 - "The objective of this analysis is to identify candidate dosimetric predictors of late-RAD and associated lower cranial neuropathies after radiotherapy (RT) or chemo-RT (CRT) for OPC. " 09/01/2013 - "Radiation induced cranial nerve palsy (RICNP) involving the lower cranial nerves (CNs) is a serious complication of head and neck radiotherapy (RT). " 01/01/2013 - "Amongst 965 patients with NPC treated with radical radiotherapy, 41 developed new cranial nerve palsy. "
2.	Decompression 06/01/2010 - "Multiple, simultaneous cranial neuropathies from vascular compression are rare, but this case is an example of safe and effective treatment with microvascular decompression with durable results." 06/01/2015 - "This case highlights the role of palliative endoscopic endonasal decompression of the cavernous sinus to relieve cranial neuropathies, obtain tissue diagnosis, and for cytoreduction in preparation for additional adjuvant therapy. " 06/01/1995 - "The authors of this study compared recordings obtained from different locations on the lateral side of the brainstem in six patients undergoing microvascular decompression surgery for a cranial nerve disorder affecting the fifth cranial nerve (i.e., trigeminal neuralgia). " 10/01/2012 - "Delayed cranial nerve palsy after microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm." 07/01/2015 - "From August 1, 2011 to August 1, 2013, 23 consecutive patients with trigeminal neuralgia following herpes zoster underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) at our cranial nerve disease center. "
3.	Catheters 01/01/1997 - "Shortening the catheter and replacing the valve eliminated the cranial nerve palsies, implying that these complications were not caused by direct injury of the brain stem during placement of the shunt. "
4.	Endoscopes 07/01/2001 - "The rigid endoscope can be used safely during posterior fossa surgery to treat cranial neuropathies, and it allows improved observation of the cranial nerves, nerve cleavage planes, and vascular anatomic features without significant cerebellar or brainstem retraction."
5.	Endarterectomy (Thromboendarterectomy) 03/20/2010 - "There was one event of cranial nerve palsy in the stenting group compared with 45 in the endarterectomy group. " 10/01/2009 - "There were more cranial nerve palsies (22 vs 0) in the endarterectomy group than in the endovascular group. " 11/01/2012 - "In large randomized studies comparing endarterectomy and stenting, endovascular therapy was associated with a higher risk of periprocedural stroke, yet in some studies, with a lower risk of myocardial infarction and of cranial neuropathy. " 01/01/2012 - "Pooled evidence from randomized controlled trials of endarterectomy versus stenting shows a higher rate of stroke or death in the stenting groups-but this finding is mitigated to an extent by the lower incidence of myocardial infarction and cranial nerve palsy in patients undergoing stenting. " 01/01/2012 - "Endovascular treatment was associated with lower risks of myocardial infarction (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.87, P = 0.02; I(2) = 0%), cranial nerve palsy (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.14, P < 0.00001; I(2) = 0%) and access site haematomas (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.77, P = 0.008; I(2) = 27%).The combination of death or any stroke up to 30 days after treatment or ipsilateral stroke during follow-up (the primary combined safety and efficacy outcome) favoured endarterectomy (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.75, P = 0.005; I(2) = 0%), but the rate of ipsilateral stroke after the peri-procedural period did not differ between treatments (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.45, P = 0.76; I(2) = 0%).Restenosis during follow-up was more common in patients receiving endovascular treatment than in patients assigned surgery (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.28 to 4.53, P = 0.007; I(2) = 55%). "