Cotinine

The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.

Also Known As:

Networked: 558 relevant articles (14 outcomes, 91 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Hecht, Stephen S: 11 articles (08/2015 - 09/2007)
2.	Benowitz, Neal L: 9 articles (10/2013 - 11/2005)
3.	Yuan, Jian-Min: 8 articles (05/2014 - 01/2007)
4.	Loprinzi, Paul D: 7 articles (01/2016 - 01/2013)
5.	Carmella, Steven G: 6 articles (08/2015 - 03/2008)
6.	Gao, Yu-Tang: 6 articles (05/2014 - 01/2007)
7.	Stepanov, Irina: 5 articles (08/2015 - 09/2011)
8.	Vineis, Paolo: 5 articles (03/2015 - 05/2011)
9.	Kahn, Robert S: 5 articles (03/2015 - 03/2005)
10.	Echeverria, Valentina: 5 articles (01/2015 - 01/2011)

Related Diseases

1.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 05/01/2011 - "Because cotinine was more strongly associated with asthma symptoms than environmental measures of SHS exposure and is independent of the site of exposure, it remains the gold standard for SHS exposure assessment in children with asthma." 09/01/2014 - "The objectives of this study were to measure urinary cotinine in preschool children with asthma, and to examine the relationship between low-level ETS exposure and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). " 12/01/2013 - "The goal of the study was to examine the association of cotinine and NNAL with asthma outcomes in the U.S. " 07/01/2013 - "In this study, we explored the relationship between time inside the house, ETS exposure and urinary cotinine level, and also determined the association of time inside the house on asthma phenotypes when children exposed to ETS. " 01/01/2013 - "A prospective, multicentre study was conducted on asthmatic children and their parents in 2007-2008, using an exposure questionnaire, pulmonary function, level of cotinine in urine, and evaluation of the severity of asthma according to GEMA guide. "
2.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox) 02/01/2014 - "However the data do not suggest that cotinine is a potential therapeutic for the treatment of sensory inhibition deficits in schizophrenia." 08/01/2013 - "The purpose of this study was to describe the procedure and results of salivary cotinine testing and to examine correlations between cotinine levels, self-reported smoking behavior, and other demographic variables in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). " 01/01/2005 - "Tobacco use in schizophrenia: a study of cotinine concentrations in the saliva of patients and controls." 08/01/2013 - "Descriptions and correlates of salivary cotinine in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders." 02/01/2009 - "In 20 smoking-matched people (n = 10 schizophrenia, n = 10 controls), we found significantly lower CHRFAM7A in cotinine and self-reported smokers versus nonsmokers (p <or= 0.001-0.03) and an inverse correlation of cotinine with CHRFAM7A (p <or= 0.04) in regression models. "
3.	Substance Withdrawal Syndrome (Withdrawal Symptoms) 01/01/1998 - "More specifically, this study examined the effects of cotinine on physiological measures, subjective measures assessing craving, withdrawal symptoms and mood, and performance measures. " 08/01/2010 - "Secondary outcomes included continuous abstinence, cotinine-verified abstinence, daily cigarette consumption, withdrawal symptoms and adverse events. " 01/01/1998 - "Cotinine alone had no effect on withdrawal symptoms. " 08/01/1997 - "All subjects were given placebo on the final 3 days to examine cotinine withdrawal symptoms. " 11/01/1995 - "A dose-response relationship was observed with higher patch doses, which produced a higher percentage of cotinine replacement and better withdrawal symptom relief. "
4.	Tobacco Use Disorder (Nicotine Dependence) 06/01/2015 - "This study assessed the correlation between nicotine dependence and salivary cotinine levels in tobacco chewers and checked the reliability of Fagerstorm test in tobacco cessation programmes. " 10/01/2012 - "Study participants provided a saliva sample for cotinine analysis and completed a mail survey that included questionnaires regarding sociodemographic information, tobacco use characteristics, and tobacco dependence measures. " 10/01/2012 - "Based on these studies, cotinine is recommended as a biomarker to assess severity of tobacco dependence. " 01/01/2012 - "The results of this study support the validity of using urinary cotinine levels for assessment of nicotine dependence in active smokers." 01/01/2012 - "This study aimed to investigate whether urinary cotinine levels could reflect the severity of nicotine dependence in active smokers. "
5.	Birth Weight (Birth Weights) 03/01/2013 - "This study used salivary cotinine to assess the impact of change in smoking exposure on birth weight in full-term infants. " 05/15/2001 - "This study was undertaken to determine the relation between self-reported number of cigarettes smoked per day and urine cotinine concentration during pregnancy and to examine the relations between these two measures of tobacco exposure and birth weight. " 11/01/1998 - "An observational study of 641 women with complete data on cigarette consumption, urinary cotinine and infant birth weight. " 01/01/2015 - "Serum cotinine levels were negatively associated with birth weight (ρ = -0.37, P < 0.001), this correlation held true for both male (ρ = -0.39, P = 0.002) and female (ρ = -0.30, P = 0.017) infants. " 01/01/2014 - "Reduced birth weight and length were significantly related with UCB cotinine levels. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Nicotine
2.	Smoke
3.	Tobacco Smoke Pollution (Passive Smoking)
4.	Carbon Monoxide
5.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)
6.	hydroxycotinine
7.	HDL Cholesterol
8.	4- (N- methyl- N- nitrosamino)- 1- (3- pyridyl)- 1- butanone
9.	Triglycerides (Triacylglycerol)
10.	r- 1,t- 2,3,c- 4- tetrahydroxy- 1,2,3,4- tetrahydrophenanthrene

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant)
2.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
3.	Adenoidectomy