Coronary Disease (Coronary Heart Disease)

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

Also Known As:

Networked: 18571 relevant articles (706 outcomes, 3405 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Stroke (Strokes)
2.	Myocardial Infarction
3.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
4.	Atherosclerosis
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Ballantyne, Christie M: 67 articles (08/2015 - 03/2003)
2.	Rimm, Eric B: 59 articles (11/2015 - 11/2002)
3.	Schaefer, Ernst J: 57 articles (05/2015 - 02/2002)
4.	Humphries, Steve E: 56 articles (04/2015 - 04/2002)
5.	Hu, Frank B: 49 articles (10/2015 - 04/2002)
6.	Kastelein, John J P: 47 articles (08/2015 - 04/2002)
7.	Koenig, Wolfgang: 44 articles (12/2015 - 07/2002)
8.	Onat, Altan: 41 articles (02/2015 - 11/2002)
9.	Whooley, Mary A: 38 articles (07/2015 - 01/2003)
10.	Folsom, Aaron R: 37 articles (01/2016 - 02/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Coronary Disease:

1.	CholesterolIBA 07/12/2011 - "Low-cost statins are cost-effective for most persons with even modestly elevated cholesterol or any coronary heart disease risk factors if they do not mind taking a pill daily. " 01/01/1986 - "Results showed that: (a) there is a highly significant (p less than 0.001) marked decrease in the association between cholesterol level and CHD mortality with increasing age of subject; (b) a decreasing association with coronary heart disease mortality as age increases also holds for smoking habits (p less than 0.05). " 12/01/2005 - "Statins are potent inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, and in clinical trials, statins have been shown to be beneficial in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. " 06/15/1997 - "The present analysis is answering the question: Is secondary preventive lipid-lowering therapy with a cholesterol-synthesis-enzyme-(CSE-)inhibitor in patients with manifest coronary heart disease cost-effective in comparison to other already proven medical interventions? " 08/02/1996 - "Our results support previous findings suggesting that the genes in chromosome 16 may be important in the regulation of reverse cholesterol transport and in protection against coronary heart disease."
2.	LDL CholesterolIBA 01/01/2004 - "Statins are recommended as first-line treatment for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in women and are extremely valuable in reducing coronary heart disease risk in this group. " 01/01/2012 - "Deletion of PCSK9, and loss-of-function mutants in humans result in lower levels of circulating LDL-cholesterol and a strong protection against coronary heart disease. " 12/01/2008 - "Furthermore, PCSK9 deficiency leads to significantly lowered LDL cholesterol levels in humans and provides dramatic protection against coronary heart disease. " 12/01/2008 - "Strong epidemiologic and experimental data suggest that increasing dietary fiber may help to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and decrease the risk of coronary heart disease. " 10/01/2008 - "This study aimed to determine whether sd-LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) is superior to LDL-C as a biomarker of coronary heart disease (CHD). "
3.	Lipoproteins (Lipoprotein)IBA 06/01/2010 - "High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is believed to be protective against coronary heart disease (CHD). " 01/01/2009 - "Clinical trials demonstrate that to reduce cardiovascular events, a statin is more effective than placebo, intensive statin therapy is more effective than moderate statin therapy in patients with established coronary disease, and in patients receiving intensive statin therapy the lowest risk is associated with the lowest low-density lipoprotein levels. " 08/01/1995 - "The protective effects of alcohol against coronary heart disease may be partly mediated by these lipoprotein changes. " 01/01/1985 - "Although the consequences of these changes and their mechanisms remain to be established, they may explain the negative outcome of the prevention trials, the protection against coronary disease offered by the reduction of blood pressure being offset by the associated changes in lipoprotein metabolism." 02/01/1995 - "Although these observations are limited to a single phase of the menstrual cycle, the alcohol-induced changes in lipoproteins are consistent with changes that are thought to confer protection against coronary heart disease."
4.	HDL CholesterolIBA 06/01/1983 - "Because of its association with longevity and reduced incidence of coronary heart disease, it becomes important to find out how elevated HDL-cholesterol levels are determined. " 08/15/1993 - "For men, improvement in the composite physical activity score significantly correlated with an increase in HDL cholesterol (r = 0.14, p = 0.005) and decreases in body mass index (r = -0.16, p = 0.001) and estimated 10-year coronary heart disease risk score (r = -0.10, p = 0.056). " 03/15/1989 - "The results reveal that HDL-cholesterol percentage had the highest predictive value for risk of future coronary disease; it significantly improved the predictive capability of the logistic regression model, even after adjustment for all other mentioned variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 03/01/1986 - "To test the hypothesis that higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in black men than in white men may offer the former greater protection against coronary heart disease (CAD), the relation between HDL-C and 7-year incidence of CAD was examined in the 5,792 white men and in the 465 black men assigned to the usual-care group of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. " 04/01/2000 - "The protective effects of alcoholic against coronary heart disease are mainly related to an increase in HDL cholesterol. "
5.	atorvastatin (Lipitor)FDA Link 05/15/2012 - "We have measured the plasma PCSK9 levels of 1,613 patients with stable coronary heart disease enrolled in the Treating to New Targets study, a randomized trial that compared the efficacy of high- versus low-dose atorvastatin. " 11/01/2006 - "The Greek Atorvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease study showed a modest improvement in kidney function over 4 years among 800 atorvastatin recipients (12%), significantly better than the decrease in kidney function (4%) in 800 placebo recipients. " 12/04/2010 - "We assessed whether statin therapy is safe and effective for these patients through post-hoc analysis of the Greek Atorvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease Evaluation (GREACE) study population. " 12/04/2010 - "Safety and efficacy of long-term statin treatment for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and abnormal liver tests in the Greek Atorvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study: a post-hoc analysis." 10/01/2007 - "To evaluate the efficacy of atorvastatin in improving vasodilation in SLE patients with and without conventional risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). "
6.	Estrogens (Estrogen)FDA Link 05/01/1993 - "Consideration of estrogen status allowed for a significant improvement in the pretest clinical diagnosis of coronary disease in women. " 09/01/2001 - "Results of recent clinical trials indicate that mammalian estrogens may be less effective in reducing coronary heart disease risk than once thought. " 02/01/2011 - "In younger postmenopausal women, estrogen is thought to be protective against coronary heart disease. " 07/01/1998 - "The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) is the first large clinical trial designed to test the efficacy of postmenopausal estrogen/progestin therapy for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). " 01/01/1994 - "In postmenopausal women, estrogen use is generally associated with protection against coronary disease. "
7.	Simvastatin (Zocor)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2010 - "The study of statins' efficacy shows that only generic simvastatin is cost-effective in coronary heart disease prevention. " 07/01/2009 - "This study assessed whether simvastatin reduces rates of kidney function loss in participants with coronary heart disease (CHD). " 07/01/2009 - "Effect of simvastatin on kidney function loss in patients with coronary heart disease: findings from the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)." 07/01/2008 - "A cohort from the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database (GPRD) was used to replicate the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study RCT, which investigated statin treatment of hypercholesterolemic subjects with coronary heart disease. " 06/01/2007 - "With the advent of the classic statin-megatrials such as the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S), WOSCOPS, CARE, and the more recent Heart Protection Study (HPS), the role of statins in both the primary and secondary prevention and ultimate risk reduction of patients with coronary disease has been firmly established. "
8.	CalciumIBA 08/11/1989 - "Calcium entry blockers have not exhibited protection against coronary heart disease, but experimental evidence supports the continued search for cardioprotection. " 01/01/1989 - "For effective treatment of coronary heart disease with calcium antagonists, knowledge of both the dose-response relationship of a remedy and equipotent dosage for comparison of different drugs is necessary. " 10/01/2014 - "We assess the improvement in discrimination afforded by the addition of the computed tomography risk markers thoracic aorta calcium (TAC), aortic valve calcification (AVC), mitral annular calcification (MAC), pericardial adipose tissue volume (PAT), and liver attenuation (LA) to the Framingham risk score (FRS) + coronary artery calcium (CAC) for incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and incident cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in a multiethnic cohort. " 01/01/2008 - "In protocol 2 (with prescription of calcium-D3) cured 60 patients (40 (66.7%) males and 20 (33.3%) females) 34-58 years of age (medium age was 47.8 +/- 3.12 years) with coronary heart disease. " 11/01/2015 - "This study sought to assess the effect of coronary artery calcium (CAC) on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction in a younger population. "
9.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 05/15/1997 - "These findings suggest the possibility that the coronary heart disease-protective effects of moderate alcohol use are at least partially mediated by insulin." 05/09/1992 - "The findings show that chronic cigarette smokers are insulin resistant, hyperinsulinaemic, and dyslipidaemic compared with a matched group of non-smokers, and may help to explain why smoking increases risk of coronary heart disease." 11/01/2008 - "The association of insulin-like-growth factor 1 (IGF-1) with incident coronary heart disease in women: findings from the prospective British Women's Heart and Health Study." 04/04/2006 - "Fasting insulin concentrations and coronary heart disease incidence in France and Northern Ireland: the PRIME Study." 01/01/2005 - "The purpose of the study was to investigate the character of clinical and functional manifestations of ischemic cardiac dysfunction in patients with idiopathic coronary microangiopathy, and their correlation with insulin level, as a possible diagnostic criterion of coronary heart disease (CHD). "
10.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 09/25/1999 - "In clinical trials good results have been obtained in patients with coronary disease of the intravenously administered form added to acetylsalicylic acid." 11/01/2005 - "Individuals at higher coronary heart disease risk are more likely to take aspirin, but there is room for considerable improvement in targeting those at high risk, particularly diabetic persons and blacks." 01/01/2005 - "According to meta-analysis and the results of the two studies with the highest power, aspirin is effective in primary prevention of coronary heart disease. " 01/01/2004 - "According to the meta-analysis and the results of the two studies with the highest power, aspirin is effective in primary prevention of coronary heart disease. " 04/01/2015 - "Although aspirin is effective in secondary prevention in coronary heart disease, new thromboembolic events in patients on aspirin are frequently seen. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Coronary Artery Bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery) 02/01/2014 - "Coronary artery bypass grafting currently is the best treatment for dialytic patients with multivessel coronary disease, but hospital morbidity and mortality related to procedure is still high. " 12/01/2008 - "Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has proved to be the most effective treatment for ischemic coronary heart diseases when other treatments are ineffective. " 06/19/2006 - "Do individuals with diabetes whose coronary disease can be managed medically have a better outcome with initial medical or interventional (percutaneous intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting) treatment? " 02/01/2009 - "[Coronary artery bypass grafting remains the gold standard for left main coronary disease]." 08/01/2006 - "In the light of these results, and basing on the published data, we conclude that stenting for the left main coronary disease may be a safe and effective alternative to coronary artery bypass surgery in particular cases among "selected" patients (refusal or surgical contraindication, protected left main coronary artery, spontaneous or iatrogenic acute occlusion of the left main coronary artery)."
2.	Stents 04/01/2002 - "The long-term efficacy of PTCA, especially PTCA + stent in Chinese patients was very satisfactory, suggesting that PTCA + stent therapy should be the major treatment for revascularization in patients with coronary heart disease." 01/01/2012 - "Extensive application of stents coated with a medicinal antiproliferative agent in clinical practice significantly improved late results of endovascular treatment of patients with various forms of coronary heart disease (CHD). " 03/01/2007 - "Currently, the data supporting the safety and efficacy of stents for unprotected left main coronary disease are derived mostly from nonrandomized, single-center studies or registries. " 03/01/1998 - "In conclusion, the mechanical features of the stent providing its flexibility, scaffolding properties, radial strength, and absence of shortening were tested in a clinical study, showing that it is safe and effective for treating simple as well as long and complex lesions associated with coronary disease with a relatively low rate of complications." 08/01/2005 - "This 100 patient pilot study demonstrates that the Endeavor stent system is a reliable and safe treatment for obstructive coronary disease, providing durable event free clinical outcomes to 12 months by suppression of neointimal proliferation of the target lesion. "
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 10/01/1987 - "Multiple (more than eight) bypass grafts in severe diffuse coronary disease: improved exercise tolerance and functional classification in seventy-seven consecutive patients." 01/01/2014 - "The use of the left internal thoracic artery to graft the left anterior descending artery has been widely accepted as the gold standard for surgical treatment of coronary disease for over 40 years. " 07/01/2013 - "The use of the left internal thoracic artery to graft the left anterior descending artery has been widely accepted as the gold standard for surgical treatment of coronary disease for over 40 years. " 04/01/2006 - "Three patients died of progressive disease within 2 to 3 months after diagnosis, 1 is alive and well 2 years later, and the fifth was disease free but died of unrelated causes (graft coronary disease) 2 years later. " 06/01/2005 - "All angiograms were graded for coronary disease and results were submitted to the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study database. "
4.	Hormone Replacement Therapy (Therapy, Hormone Replacement) 07/01/2012 - "Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for instance, effective for menopausal symptoms, was reported in several observational studies during the 1980s and 1990s to also significantly reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. " 05/01/2004 - "Early harmful effects of hormone replacement therapy and lack of beneficial effects on coronary heart disease event rates in high-risk women have challenged the beneficial results gleaned from observational studies in the past. " 03/01/2004 - "Whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is beneficial for coronary heart disease (CHD) is controversial. " 02/01/1998 - "The delayed onset of coronary heart disease in women, roughly 10 years later than in men, and greater feminine longevity (81 years vs 74 in men on average) points to the potential benefit of post-menopause hormone replacement therapy together with reduction of other modifiable risk factors. " 03/15/1999 - "Hormone replacement therapy was associated with reduced incidence of coronary heart disease in epidemiologic studies but was not effective in a secondary prevention trial."
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 09/01/2004 - "Large-scale clinical trials with combined drug therapy that show coronary heart disease (CHD) risk reduction or improvement in CHD are needed. " 05/01/2015 - "Pharmacist support improved self-care ability, quality of life, drug therapy compliance, and treatment success rate in coronary heart disease patients. " 05/01/2015 - "The study determined pharmacist support on patients receiving multi-drug therapy for coronary heart disease by evaluating patient self-care ability, quality of life, and drug therapy compliance. " 03/01/2014 - "TEAMcare was a randomized trial among 214 adults with depression and poorly controlled diabetes and/or coronary heart disease that promoted health behavior change and pharmacotherapy to improve health. " 10/09/2013 - "The objective of the current study was to analyze the association between renal function and guideline-recommended drug therapy in patients with coronary heart disease. "