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Coronary Artery Disease (Coronary Atherosclerosis)

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Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.

Also Known As:

Coronary Atherosclerosis; Arterioscleroses, Coronary; Artery Disease, Coronary; Artery Diseases, Coronary; Atheroscleroses, Coronary; Coronary Arterioscleroses; Coronary Artery Diseases; Coronary Atheroscleroses; Disease, Coronary Artery; Diseases, Coronary Artery; Arteriosclerosis, Coronary; Atherosclerosis, Coronary; Coronary Arteriosclerosis

Networked: 26604 relevant articles (1025 outcomes, 4774 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Cardiovascular Diseases: 37259
- Heart Diseases: 18762
  - Myocardial Ischemia: 16513
    - Coronary Disease: 18571
      - Coronary Artery Disease: 26604
- Vascular Diseases: 10289
  - Myocardial Ischemia: 16513
    - Coronary Disease: 18571
      - Coronary Artery Disease: 26604
  - Arterial Occlusive Diseases: 1243
    - Arteriosclerosis: 3176
      - Coronary Artery Disease: 26604

Related Diseases

1.	Myocardial Infarction
2.	Heart Failure
3.	Stroke (Strokes)
4.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
5.	Atherosclerosis

Experts

1.	Serruys, Patrick W: 114 articles (12/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Kastrati, Adnan: 75 articles (01/2016 - 06/2002)
3.	Angiolillo, Dominick J: 60 articles (12/2015 - 01/2005)
4.	Schömig, Albert: 60 articles (11/2013 - 06/2002)
5.	Kastelein, John J P: 56 articles (12/2015 - 05/2002)
6.	Bax, Jeroen J: 55 articles (12/2015 - 06/2002)
7.	Stefanadis, Christodoulos: 54 articles (03/2015 - 08/2002)
8.	Ferrari, Roberto: 47 articles (12/2015 - 06/2004)
9.	Pepine, Carl J: 47 articles (02/2015 - 12/2003)
10.	Park, Seung-Jung: 46 articles (10/2015 - 04/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Coronary Artery Disease:

1.	CholesterolIBA 01/01/2005 - "Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs, highly effective in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. " 11/01/2000 - "Cholesterol management has clearly emerged as a top priority for prevention-oriented management of coronary artery disease, and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines provide the best treatment targets for these efforts. " 03/01/1996 - "Serum cholesterol reduction is most effective for reducing cardiac events in patients with established coronary artery disease, yet surveys of cholesterol awareness and treatment have not included these patients. " 08/01/2005 - "Improved endothelial function may contribute to the beneficial effects of cholesterol lowering therapy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but results of the effect of statin therapy on endothelial function are disparate in these patients. " 12/01/1999 - "This may suggest that these drugs could be beneficial in secondary prevention of coronary artery disease regardless of the serum cholesterol concentration."
2.	Lipoproteins (Lipoprotein)IBA 04/01/1993 - "Disorders associated with the overproduction or delayed clearance of beta-very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein (LDL) are strikingly related to premature coronary artery disease. " 04/01/2013 - "High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are heterogeneous in their composition, structure and size and may differ in conferring protection against coronary artery disease. " 07/01/2000 - "Its high density lipoprotein-lowering effect, however, prevents it from being protective against progression of coronary atherosclerosis. " 04/01/2000 - "Protection against coronary artery disease (CAD) by moderate alcohol consumption is thought to be partly mediated through an increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. " 10/01/1995 - "Epidemiological evidence suggests that plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is protective against coronary artery disease, whereas oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein is atherogenic. "
3.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2006 - "Secondary prevention of coronary events in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with aspirin is generally accepted because of ease of administration, predictable safety, and proven efficacy. " 10/01/2011 - "Statins and aspirin have been shown to be effective in preventing different aspects of coronary artery disease overall. " 06/26/1997 - "The goals in management of chronic stable angina are (1) treatment of other conditions that may worsen angina; (2) treatment with aspirin and modification of risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) to improve outcome; and (3) effective relief of anginal symptoms. " 03/10/1979 - "The efficacy of aspirin treatment in coronary artery disease is not yet definitely established. " 10/01/2012 - "We compared the biological efficacy of the same daily dose of aspirin given either once (OPD) or divided twice per day in a population of diabetic patients with previous coronary artery disease. "
4.	glucuronyl glucosamine glycan sulfate (Vessel)IBA 10/01/1990 - "Angiography is most helpful in aortic dissection with suspected brachiocephalic vessel involvement, coexistant coronary artery disease, or in cases of indeterminate CT. " 01/01/2005 - "Advances in spatial and temporal resolution, electrocardiographic triggering methodology, and image reconstruction software have helped in the evaluation of coronary artery anatomy and vessel patency, providing the ability to noninvasively diagnose or rule out significant epicardial coronary artery disease. " 06/01/2013 - "Although both the indices were helpful in predicting the extent of the disease, the Global Registry showed better performance and was more strongly associated with multi-vessel and left main coronary artery disease." 01/01/2000 - "IVUS imaging provides a 2-dimensional, cross-sectional view into the lumen and vessel wall structure of coronary arteries; it is superior to angiography with regard to visualization about several aspects of coronary artery disease. " 05/01/2014 - "It remains the gold standard for the treatment of multi-vessel and left main coronary artery disease. "
5.	Dobutamine FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2000 - "Prediction of improvement in global left ventricular function in patients with chronic coronary artery disease and impaired left ventricular function: rest thallium-201 SPET versus low-dose dobutamine echocardiography." 02/01/1996 - "Thus dobutamine echocardiography is superior to exercise electrocardiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease in hypertensive patients." 04/01/2000 - "Dobutamine stress echocardiography is considered a relatively well-tolerated diagnostic modality, effective in the management of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. " 09/16/2008 - "Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) has been shown to be a very useful non-invasive technique for the detection of coronary artery disease. " 01/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether NLR improved the positive predictive value (PPV) of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). "
6.	LDL CholesterolIBA 08/15/2007 - "High-dose statin treatment has been recommended as a primary strategy for aggressive reduction of LDL cholesterol levels and protection against coronary artery disease. " 07/01/2000 - "A substantial number of treated patients with or at high risk for coronary artery disease continue to have fatal and nonfatal coronary artery events in spite of significant reduction of elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. " 10/01/2008 - "Small LDL-cholesterol is superior to LDL-cholesterol for determining severe coronary atherosclerosis." 07/06/1998 - "Clinical and angiographic intervention trials have now ascertained that lowering LDL cholesterol is effective in prevention and in secondary treatment of coronary atherosclerosis. " 07/01/2010 - "Reduced LDL-cholesterol levels in patients with coronary artery disease are paralleled by improved endothelial function: An observational study in patients from 2003 and 2007."
7.	CalciumIBA 09/01/2015 - "Our initial experience with coronary calcium image subtraction suggests that it is feasible and could lead to an improvement in reader confidence and diagnostic accuracy for identification of significant coronary artery disease." 01/01/2001 - "Coronary calcium scores showed statistically significant differences between patients with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease and patients with normal coronary angiography (p < 0.05), but could not differentiate between patients with significant and insignificant coronary artery disease. " 05/01/1996 - "Calcium antagonists may also be beneficial for diastolic left ventricular function in coronary artery disease. " 01/23/2004 - "Calcium antagonist and beta blocker regimens found equally effective in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease." 07/01/1996 - "Calcium antagonists are effective in lowering blood pressure, relieving anginal symptoms and improving exercise tolerance in older and younger patients with coronary artery disease. "
8.	Perindopril FDA LinkGeneric 09/06/2003 - "Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study)." 04/01/2007 - "Efficacy of perindopril in reducing risk of cardiac events in patients with revascularized coronary artery disease." 12/01/2015 - "Perindopril and β-blocker for the prevention of cardiac events and mortality in stable coronary artery disease patients: A EUropean trial on Reduction Of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease (EUROPA) subanalysis." 07/01/2013 - "The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate risk prediction models for various cardiovascular end points in the EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease (EUROPA) database, consisting of 12,218 patients with established coronary artery disease, with a median follow-up of 4.1 years. " 08/01/2010 - "This article summarizes the recent findings of the PERGENE study and pharmacogenetic research of the treatment benefit of perindopril in stable coronary artery disease."
9.	clopidogrel (Plavix)FDA Link 04/01/2013 - "Reduced pharmacodynamic effect and reduced clinical efficacy of clopidogrel have been well documented in high-risk coronary artery disease patients carrying a loss-of-function allele of the CYP2C19 gene. " 02/01/2007 - "The results of our multicenter prospective Clopidogrel Registry demonstrate lower efficacy of a 300-mg loading dose of clopidogrel at the time of stenting compared with pretreatment 6 to 24 hours before percutaneous coronary intervention on the 30-day composite clinical end point in the large unselected patient cohort, which suggests the benefit of clopidogrel pretreatment in all incoming patients with suspected significant coronary artery disease scheduled for coronary angiography." 01/01/2012 - "Generic clopidogrel is inexpensive and pharmacodynamically effective in at least two thirds of the patients with coronary artery disease. " 01/01/2015 - "Clopidogrel has been shown to improve endothelial function in vitro and in patients with coronary artery disease. " 04/01/2010 - "Impact of P2Y12-ADP receptor polymorphism on the efficacy of clopidogrel dose-adjustment according to platelet reactivity monitoring in coronary artery disease patients."
10.	Sirolimus (Rapamycin)FDA Link 07/01/2011 - "Sirolimus-eluting stents are highly effective in reducing the risk for major cardiac events and safe in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease." 01/01/2005 - "Sirolimus-eluting stents (CYPHER stents) demonstrated remarkable efficacy in reducing restenosis rates in patients with coronary artery disease. " 09/01/2014 - "EES is associated with a significant reduction in definite ST and TLR for treating patients with coronary artery disease, compared with a pooled group of other rapamycin derivative-eluting stents. " 03/27/2007 - "This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a rapamycin plus 17-beta-estradiol-eluting stent versus a rapamycin-eluting stent in patients with coronary artery disease. " 08/01/2011 - "The primary use of drug-eluting stents has become routine clinical practice for coronary artery disease, but the use in peripheral arteries remains to be further studied, like that demonstrated in sirolimus-coated Cordis trials. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Coronary Artery Bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery) 10/01/1998 - "This study confirms the excellent clinical results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with coronary artery disease and LV dysfunction; improvement in LV function can be documented objectively and is correlated with reperfusion of hibernating myocardium. " 06/01/2013 - "In patients with chronic coronary artery disease different therapeutic strategies, such as optimal medical therapy, revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting have been shown to improve the prognosis and symptoms and yield proven superiority over other treatment strategies in different patient populations. " 07/01/2011 - "Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is the gold standard therapy for the complete revascularization of patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. " 05/01/2005 - "Coronary artery bypass grafting has proven a remarkably effective treatment for occlusive coronary artery disease, with demonstrable impact on both symptoms and survival. " 04/01/2013 - "However, in high-risk patients with complex coronary artery disease (≥33 SYNTAX/>5 euroSCORE), coronary artery bypass grafting is superior to hybrid coronary revascularization."
2.	Stents 05/01/2003 - "Stents have dramatically improved the treatment of coronary artery disease. " 09/01/2001 - "With late outcomes at least comparable to the best published results, this stent platform provides safe and effective percutaneous treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease. " 01/01/2005 - "Although the introduction of coronary stents has significantly improved the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease, restenosis, due to neointimal proliferation following stent deployment and associated with a return of ischemic symptoms, has remained a critical concern. " 01/01/2002 - "These results are indicative of high efficacy of surgical and endovascular (with implantation of stents) treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease." 08/01/2000 - "The GFX stent is a safe and effective device with a high procedural success rate and favorable late clinical outcome for treatment of native coronary artery disease. "
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 09/01/1990 - "Factors associated with improved 10-year actuarial survival included age younger than 65 years, mild angina, no major comorbidity, no left main coronary artery disease, good left ventricular performance, and an internal thoracic artery graft." 11/01/1986 - "We conclude the internal mammary graft gives better protection against the clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease than does the saphenous vein graft." 09/01/1987 - "Questions regarding the relative safety and efficacy of internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts versus saphenous vein grafts (SVG) in patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) have not been specifically addressed in the literature. " 09/01/1987 - "Safety and efficacy of internal mammary artery grafts for left main coronary artery disease. " 06/09/1984 - "It is concluded that balloon dilatation is an effective and safe alternative to bypass graft surgery in selected patients with coronary artery disease."
4.	Angioplasty (Angioplasty, Transluminal) 09/01/1997 - "Restenosis after coronary angioplasty is a major limitation of an otherwise highly effective and safe procedure for the treatment of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. " 03/15/1992 - "Angioplasty is an effective treatment for proximal left anterior descending coronary artery disease that has a high success rate, low incidence of procedural complications and provides excellent long-term cardiac survival, freedom from cardiac events and sustained functional improvement." 06/01/1986 - "This favourable series demonstrates that nowadays with the improved technology and with a scrupulous pharmacological protocol transluminal coronary angioplasty can be performed with a low incidence of complications and excellent results, further assessing its high potential in the treatment of ischemic coronary artery disease." 06/01/2003 - "Furthermore, this program may be particularly beneficial for women with coronary artery disease who generally have higher mortality and morbidity than men after a heart attack, angioplasty, or bypass surgery." 02/01/1988 - "The efficacy of coronary angioplasty in multivessel coronary artery disease was evaluated in a series of 145 consecutive patients in whom angioplasty had been successful and in whom a follow-up exercise stress test was performed within 2 months. "
5.	Drug-Eluting Stents 01/01/2011 - "Most available data indicates that stenting for unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCA) with drug-eluting stents (DES) is safe and effective. " 02/07/2007 - "Although full metal jacket using drug-eluting stent (DES) for a single coronary artery disease has sparsely been described before, there is no report of safety and efficacy of complete metal jacket from left main (LM) to three major coronary arteries. " 08/01/2006 - "Drug-eluting stents have been shown to be very effective in the treatment of coronary artery disease. " 06/01/2015 - "Drug-eluting stents have significantly improved the treatment of coronary artery disease. " 08/01/2014 - "The focus of this review is to describe the evolution of the percutaneous management of diabetic patients with coronary artery disease and to define if any real progress has been made in terms of safety and efficacy with the use of the second generation drug-eluting stents in this high-risk population. "