Compartment Syndromes (Compartment Syndrome)

Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1280 relevant articles (38 outcomes, 57 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
3.	Ischemia
4.	Hemorrhage
5.	Pancreatitis

Experts

1.	Moore, Frederick A: 11 articles (12/2010 - 12/2002)
2.	Cheatham, Michael L: 10 articles (12/2011 - 05/2006)
3.	Kirkpatrick, Andrew W: 8 articles (01/2014 - 01/2006)
4.	Moore, Ernest E: 8 articles (01/2009 - 10/2003)
5.	Ball, Chad G: 7 articles (03/2014 - 01/2006)
6.	Leppäniemi, Ari: 7 articles (01/2014 - 08/2005)
7.	Roberts, Craig S: 6 articles (11/2012 - 10/2009)
8.	Holcomb, John B: 5 articles (10/2015 - 12/2002)
9.	Balogh, Zsolt J: 5 articles (01/2015 - 06/2009)
10.	Mehta, Manish: 5 articles (05/2013 - 09/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Compartment Syndromes:

1.	MelatoninIBA 10/01/2003 - "Melatonin ameliorates oxidative organ damage induced by acute intra-abdominal compartment syndrome in rats." 10/01/2005 - "Melatonin has a protective effect against I/R injury in skeletal muscle and may reduce the incidence of compartment syndrome, especially after acute or chronic peripheral arterial occlusions." 12/01/2010 - "We suggest that the protective effect of melatonin against I/R damage in cases of extremity injuries with acute vascular compromise, extremity surgery with prolonged tourniquet time and acute compartment syndrome should be investigated with clinical trials." 01/01/2014 - "Possible adverse effects of ischemia on fracture healing can be eradicated with melatonin and CAPE in patients with tibia fractures associated with vascular injury or compartment syndrome."
2.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 11/01/2014 - "To examine the protective effects of carbon monoxide (CO), liberated from a novel CO-releasing molecule (CORM-3), on the function of compartment syndrome (CS)-challenged muscle in a rodent model, thus providing for a potential development of a pharmacologic adjunctive treatment for CS. " 08/01/2005 - "According to a previous study, a pathologically increased intraabdominal pressure (IAP) reduces cardiac output (CO) and results in medium- to high-grade organ damage in a porcine model of the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). " 12/01/1999 - "[Postoperative antero-external tibial compartment syndrome: co-responsibility of the operating table]." 11/01/2012 - "In the present study, we discuss compartment syndrome caused by CO poisoning in a 15-year-old boy. " 11/01/2012 - "To our knowledge, this is the first CO poisoning case causing compartment syndrome."
3.	Polymethyl Methacrylate (Sol)IBA 08/01/2005 - "To evaluate, with a prospective observational study, whether continuous hemodiafiltration using a polymethyl methacrylate membrane hemofilter (PMMA-CHDF) is effective for prevention and treatment of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) on patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). "
4.	Mannitol (Osmitrol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1991 - "Hypertonic mannitol ameliorates intracompartmental tamponade in model compartment syndrome in the dog." 01/01/2004 - "The pathophysiology and management of a forearm compartment syndrome from extravasation of mannitol are discussed in this case." 01/01/2004 - "We report a case of forearm compartment syndrome caused by extravasation of mannitol in an intoxicated patient. " 01/01/2003 - "Complications of IV mannitol administration resulting in compartment syndrome may warrant surgical intervention. " 01/01/2000 - "Compartment syndrome of the forearm following extravasation of mannitol in an unconscious patient."
5.	Creatine Kinase (Creatine Phosphokinase)IBA 01/01/2015 - "She had a transient improvement in her creatine kinase following this treatment although it failed to resolve a developing lower extremity compartment syndrome, requiring bilateral lower extremity fasciotomies. " 03/01/2013 - "A 41-year-old woman presented in the Emergency Department with suspected compartment syndrome of lower left leg (creatine kinase [CK]: 12,502 IU/L, Cr: 4.31 mg/dL). " 02/01/2013 - "Serum creatine kinase levels are associated with extremity compartment syndrome." 04/01/2009 - "Taken together these symptoms and the elevation of creatine kinase to 20000 IU x l(-1), we diagnosed as a compartment syndrome. " 11/01/2005 - "Do creatine kinase (CK) levels influence the diagnosis or outcome in patients with compartment syndrome?"
6.	recombinant FVIIa (rFVIIa)IBA 01/01/2013 - "The use of recombinant factor VIIa is a treatment option for children who develop compartment syndrome due to a coagulation defect." 11/01/2006 - "Successful use of recombinant factor VIIa (NovoSeven) in children with compartment syndrome: two case reports." 01/01/2014 - "Awareness, prompt diagnosis and effective treatment of compartment syndrome caused by a rare bleeding disorder, which is usually acquired by the elderly, is essential and may spare a patient from surgery or even limb loss, if early administration of recombinant factor VIIa is effective. " 01/01/2013 - "The use of recombinant factor VIIa might be effective and well tolerated for treating hemorrhage in patients with HSP and compartment syndrome. " 01/01/1998 - "In the compassionate use setting, in which the mean time from onset of bleeding to initiation of treatment with rFVIIa was 5 d, the mean number of doses given per bleeding episode was 13.6, with 63.1% of episodes without compartment syndrome and 73% with tense muscle/compartment syndrome having an excellent or effective response. "
7.	Phosphotransferases (Kinase)IBA 08/01/2009 - "To determine the efficacy of phosphocreatine kinase in the early diagnosis of compartment syndrome. " 08/01/2009 - "[Application of monitoring phosphocreatine kinase continuously and dynamically in early diagnosis of compartment syndrome]." 04/01/2011 - "Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors of limb loss were thromboembolectomy failure, high ischemic stage, high level of plasma creatinine kinase and compartment syndrome on admission and predictors of mortality were congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, reperfusion injury and longer ischemic time. " 05/01/2006 - "We report a case of heroin-induced severe bilateral compartment syndrome complicated by rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure and extremely elevated creatinine kinase. "
8.	Dacarbazine (DIC)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2012 - "Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are rare complications of pregnancy, and even more rare are cases with both complications occurring concomitantly. " 10/01/2006 - "It was found that complications such as DIC, diastolic dysfunction, abdominal compartment syndrome, ARDS and hepatic dysfunction were more frequent in severe established shock. " 10/01/2006 - "Six deaths of refractory shock included 4 who had ARDS and DIC and 2 who had shock with DIC 3 patients had abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) has not been previously described in children with DSS and may lead to fluid refractory shock if not corrected. " 06/01/2014 - "We describe a case of varicella infection in a previously healthy, immunocompetent 5-y-old boy, complicated with compartment syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), pneumonia, and acute renal failure. " 06/01/2014 - "He was treated successfully with aciclovir and intravenous immunoglobulins for the varicella infection, a fasciotomy for compartment syndrome, and fresh frozen plasma for DIC."
9.	Phosphocreatine (Neoton)IBA 08/01/2009 - "To determine the efficacy of phosphocreatine kinase in the early diagnosis of compartment syndrome. " 08/01/2009 - "[Application of monitoring phosphocreatine kinase continuously and dynamically in early diagnosis of compartment syndrome]." 07/01/1986 - "In the tourniquet group, the phosphocreatine, adenosine triphosphate, and pH were all normal within fifteen minutes after release of the tourniquet, but these values remained depressed even two hours after fasciotomy in the group with compartment syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"
10.	CosmeticsIBA 08/01/2010 - "Endoscopic compartment release is a cosmetic, safe, and effective means of treating chronic exertional compartment syndrome." 04/01/2013 - "It can be responsible for functional (compartment syndrome) and cosmetic sequelae. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Decompression 05/01/2001 - "In the absence of good outcome data, expert consensus is that an acute increase of IAP to above 20 to 25 mmHg and/or evidence of abdominal compartment syndrome warrants urgent decompression. " 09/01/2005 - "Forearm compartment decompression is effective in relieving the symptoms related to chronic forearm compartment syndrome." 09/01/2003 - "[Efficacy of decompression treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome]." 09/01/2005 - "Six patients with a flexor compartment chronic compartment syndrome, documented by pressure studies, had forearm compartment decompression. " 09/01/2015 - "Endoscopic decompression for chronic compartment syndrome of the forearm in motocross racers."
2.	Resuscitation 01/01/2009 - "It is now recognized that resuscitation to achieve supranormal indices is not beneficial in all patients and may precipitate abdominal compartment syndrome. " 03/01/2015 - "Over-resuscitation was defined as developing compartment syndrome. " 12/01/2010 - "Resuscitation beyond the abdominal compartment syndrome." 09/01/2010 - "The prevention of compartment syndromes is based on preemptive open management of compartments (primary syndromes) in high-risk patients and/or careful fluid resuscitation (both primary and secondary syndromes) to limit interstitial swelling." 09/01/2010 - "With the aggressive resuscitation associated with damage control surgery, understanding of abdominal compartment syndrome has expanded. "
3.	Surgical Decompression 01/01/2013 - "Spontaneous bilateral compartment syndrome is a very rare condition but one which requires swift diagnosis and urgent surgical decompression by fasciotomies in order to achieve the best outcome. " 07/01/1987 - "Effective treatment of the chronic compartment syndrome consists of reduction of exertional activities or surgical decompression by fasciotomy." 08/01/2008 - "The aim of this cadaver study was to provide an anatomical basis for surgical decompression in the event of compartment syndrome. " 06/01/2015 - "Intraocular pressure changes in emergent surgical decompression of orbital compartment syndrome." 06/01/2014 - "Orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is an ophthalmic emergency that requires urgent surgical decompression to preserve vision. "
4.	Laparotomy 09/01/2010 - "By using decompressive laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome and leaving the abdomen open temporarily for other acute processes, survival in some instances may be improved. " 10/01/2010 - "The aims of the study were to assess, in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy, whether intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality, to evaluate the effects of IAH, and to identify hidden cases of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). " 11/01/2015 - "Management of the compartment syndrome included re-intubation, emergent exploratory laparotomy, and drainage of irrigation fluid. " 11/01/2015 - "Management of the compartment syndrome included re-intubation, emergent exploratory laparotomy, and drainage of irrigation fluid. " 06/01/2015 - "The case developed abdominal compartment syndrome, for which we performed a bedside decompressive laparotomy in the ICU. "
5.	Catheters 07/01/2012 - "Initial searches were performed using the phrase, "chronic exertional compartment syndrome." The phrase "compartment syndrome" was then combined, using Boolean connectors ("OR" and "AND") with the words "diagnosis," "parameters," "levels," "localisation," or "measurement." Data extracted from each study included study design, number of subjects, number of controls, ICP instrument used, compartments measured, limb position during measurements, catheter position, exercise protocol, timing of measurements, mean resting compartment pressures, mean maximal compartment pressures, mean postexercise compartment pressures, diagnostic criteria used, and whether a reference diagnostic standard was used. " 06/01/1993 - "We conclude that pressure measurements for diagnosis of acute and chronic compartment syndromes and in ergonomic studies should be based on recordings from a standard location of the catheter within the muscle and a standard posture of the subject." 06/01/1988 - "In this study, a slit catheter system was used to monitor the compartment pressures in experimentally induced compartment syndromes of the foot. " 01/01/2015 - "To our knowledge we describe one of the first case reports of an adult presenting with a rare late complication of femoral venous catheter malposition: abdominal compartment syndrome. " 01/01/2015 - "A case report of abdominal compartment syndrome caused by malposition of a femoral venous catheter."