Codon (Codons)

A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).

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Networked: 7746 relevant articles (65 outcomes, 744 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Kitamoto, Tetsuyuki: 25 articles (08/2015 - 10/2002)
2.	Tsai, Fuu-Jen: 23 articles (02/2010 - 03/2002)
3.	Bau, Da-Tian: 20 articles (09/2015 - 05/2007)
4.	Ironside, James W: 18 articles (12/2014 - 11/2002)
5.	Hainaut, Pierre: 18 articles (04/2013 - 10/2002)
6.	Wei, Qingyi: 16 articles (08/2012 - 09/2002)
7.	Gambetti, Pierluigi: 14 articles (01/2015 - 12/2002)
8.	Zerr, Inga: 13 articles (05/2015 - 11/2002)
9.	Parchi, Piero: 13 articles (04/2015 - 01/2003)
10.	Dralle, Henning: 12 articles (01/2010 - 12/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2012 - "Twenty-six SNPs (11 non-synonymous and 14 synonymous) showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05), and two SNPs, in position 1039 and 1041 of cagE, showed a highly significant association with cancer (p-value = 2.07×10⁻⁶), and the variant codon was located in the VirB3 homology domain of Agrobacterium. " 06/01/2007 - "Two promoter regions showed statistically significant hypermethylation compared to healthy controls in ovarian tumors; more significantly in the region in the vicinity of Gli1-binding sites and less significantly in the region containing the ATG codon. " 06/24/2005 - "The combined data indicated that, like the codon 72 polymorphism, the codon 47 polymorphism of p53 is functionally significant and may play a role in cancer risk, progression, and the efficacy of therapy." 11/01/2011 - "In addition, relapsed patients with codon 13 mutations had markedly lower levels of tumor-infiltrating mature DC-LAMP(+) dendritic cells (DCs) and higher frequency of CD1a(+) cells compared with disease-free patients. " 02/01/1991 - "Further analyses of c-Ha-ras codon 12 mutations in liver tumors from the three insensitive rodent strains also failed to give any positive results. "
2.	Infection 09/29/2014 - "In this study we tested the efficacy of maternal immunization with a chimpanzee adenovirus expressing codon-optimized RSV fusion protein (AdC7-Fsyn) to protect infants against RSV infection. " 01/01/2014 - "Transgenic mouse studies have indicated that all codon 129 genotypes are susceptible to vCJD and that genotype may influence whether disease appears in a clinical or asymptomatic form, supported by the appearance of the first case of potential asymptomatic vCJD infection in a PRNP 129MV patient. " 09/01/2011 - "In our study, no relationship was found between MBL codon 54 gene polymorphism and the risk of nosocomial invasive fungal infection in preterm neonates in NICU." 11/01/2005 - "The roles of MBL and its gene (mbl2) polymorphisms, -221X/Y and codon 54A/B, in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were investigated in this study. " 08/15/2004 - "While L1 is essential for viral infection, expression studies in mammalian cells have been hampered by different codon preference between the virus and its host. "
3.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis) 01/01/2015 - "The preliminary study of p53 codon 72 polymorphism and risk of cervical carcinoma in Gabonese women." 09/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to investigate a role of the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism in cervical carcinoma development in Serbian women. " 01/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to examine the role of the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism in ovarian carcinoma development in Serbian women. " 02/01/2012 - "Our study, based on representative collection of human prostate tumours, indicates that combined mutations in codons 12 and 13 KRAS are relatively infrequent and most commonly occur in prostate carcinomas." 06/01/2010 - "Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that TP53 codon 72 polymorphism might be a low-penetrant risk factor for developing prostate carcinoma in Caucasians but not in Asians."
4.	Colorectal Neoplasms (Colorectal Cancer) 03/01/2008 - "A common polymorphism at codon 12 of this gene (Pro12Ala) has been shown to confer protection against diabetes and colorectal cancer. " 01/15/2006 - "A common polymorphism at codon 12 of this gene (Pro12Ala) has been shown to confer protection against diabetes and colorectal cancer. " 02/01/2014 - "In the present study, we investigated whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4938723 (T>C) in the promoter region of miR-34b/c and Arg72Pro (G>C) in codon 72 of TP53 are independently or complementarily associated with the risks and clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) and whether the combined effect of these SNPs and metabolic risk factors are related to CRC. " 01/01/2014 - "Previous studies suggest that KRAS codon 61 and 146 mutations may also predict resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer. " 01/01/2014 - "In this study no significant differences were observed among the studied groups with regard to the genotype distribution of the XRCC1 codons 194 and 399 and the risk of colorectal cancer did not appear to be significantly influenced by genotype alone, whereas alcohol consumption showed a positive association (P for trend <0.01). "
5.	Human Influenza (Influenza) 09/01/2014 - "Here, we have generated a recombinant influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR8) virus containing a codon-deoptimized NS segment that is attenuated in vivo yet retains immunogenicity and protection efficacy against homologous and heterologous influenza virus challenges. " 06/01/2013 - "Thus, our study demonstrates the success of expressing a codon-optimized influenza A viral gene in L. " 02/01/2012 - "In this study, we performed computer simulations to evaluate the changes of selection potentials of codons in influenza A/H1N1 from 1999 to 2009. " 04/01/2011 - "In this study, we have constructed BLSOMs based on the oligonucleotide and codon composition of all influenza A viral strains available. " 01/01/2010 - "In this study, we compared the codon usage bias between the novel H1N1 influenza A viruses and other viruses such as H1N1 and H5N1 subtypes to investigate the genomic patterns of novel influenza A (H1N1). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
2.	Proline (L-Proline)
3.	Antigens
4.	Vaccines
5.	Codon (Codons)
6.	Leucine (L-Leucine)
7.	Paraffin
8.	DNA Vaccines
9.	Serine (L-Serine)
10.	Formaldehyde (Formol)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Immunotherapy
3.	Radiotherapy
4.	Thyroidectomy
5.	Transplants (Transplant)