Cocaine (Cocaine HCl)

An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.

Also Known As:

Networked: 6739 relevant articles (215 outcomes, 887 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Gelernter, Joel: 31 articles (05/2014 - 04/2002)
2.	Kranzler, Henry R: 29 articles (01/2015 - 06/2004)
3.	Kosten, Thomas R: 27 articles (08/2013 - 01/2002)
4.	Sinha, Rajita: 24 articles (01/2016 - 03/2005)
5.	Brady, Kathleen T: 23 articles (12/2014 - 01/2002)
6.	Volkow, Nora D: 18 articles (12/2014 - 04/2003)
7.	Kampman, Kyle M: 18 articles (01/2014 - 01/2002)
8.	Moeller, F Gerard: 17 articles (06/2015 - 09/2002)
9.	Poling, James: 17 articles (01/2013 - 01/2003)
10.	Potenza, Marc N: 15 articles (01/2016 - 10/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Cocaine-Related Disorders (Cocaine Addiction) 10/01/1997 - "Rates of complete abstinence during the 6-month study period were higher in STND than RP, whereas RP was more effective in limiting the extent of cocaine use in those who used during Months 1-3. Matching analyses indicated patients who failed to achieve remission from cocaine dependence during IOP and those with a commitment to absolute abstinence did better in RP than in STND, whereas patients with other abstinence goals did better in STND than RP. " 08/01/2014 - "Thus, disruption of cocaine reward memories by interference with reconsolidation may be therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of cocaine addiction. " 06/01/2005 - "Self reported cocaine use, cocaine craving, and global impression scores showed moderate improvement in both groups, with a significantly greater reduction in cocaine craving (p < 0.05) and self-rated severity of cocaine dependence (p < 0.05) in the placebo group. " 10/01/2004 - "Expanding research on reward-related brain circuitry, which is acutely activated and chronically dysregulated by cocaine, has helped reveal the neurobiological features of cocaine dependence and is guiding pharmacologic strategies that have significant potential to improve clinical outcome. " 08/01/2003 - "While the improvements were not significant between groups, within-group analysis revealed that the treatment group reduced self-reported cocaine use (P = 0.02), reduced criminal activity (P = 0.04), reduced cravings (P < 0.01) and reduced severity of cocaine dependence (P < 0.01) with no within-group improvements found in the placebo group. "
2.	Substance-Related Disorders (Drug Abuse) 12/01/2007 - "Although improvement in psychosocial functioning is a common goal in substance-abuse treatment, the primary outcome measure in most cocaine trials is urinalysis-verified cocaine use. " 11/01/1993 - "However, a significantly greater proportion of the alcohol and cocaine abusers admitted to having relapsed in the previous six months, reported significantly fewer average days of abstinence than the alcohol group since terminating treatment, and were more likely to present urine specimens indicative of recent substance abuse at the six-month follow-up interview. " 03/01/2013 - "Compared with living elsewhere, gay neighborhood residence appeared to be protective against cocaine use and substance dependence. " 03/15/2014 - "These results suggest neurobiological mechanisms by which voluntary wheel running attenuates cocaine-motivated behaviors and provide support for exercise as a novel treatment for drug addiction." 08/15/2013 - "Effects of substance abuse treatment that rely on improved social function may be mediated through changes in the brain's reinforcement system that modify the rewarding effects of cocaine. "
3.	Seizures (Seizure) 03/01/2007 - "Finally, the results of our study suggest that KOPr-1 antagonists will not have therapeutic utility against cocaine-induced seizures, while they may prove beneficial in attenuating several actions of cocaine that have been linked to its abuse." 08/01/2007 - "However, the combination may be more effective for prevention of cocaine-induced seizures." 04/01/2004 - "The compounds with the 3,4-dichlorophenyl and methoxyphenyl substitutions provided better protection against cocaine-induced convulsions than the nitrophenyl derivative. " 08/01/1997 - "Treatment of conscious rats with 1 and 10 mg/kg BChE decreased the incidence of seizures and deaths produced by a prior dose of cocaine (80 mg/kg, i.p.). " 05/01/1992 - "Among BALB mice, chronic CBZ appears to have eliminated the development of tolerance to cocaine-induced seizures and allowed an underlying sensitization to be manifest. "
4.	Lacerations 10/01/1999 - "In our study, application of viscous cocaine-containing TAC solutions to small lacerations did not produce clinically important cocaine absorption." 08/01/1992 - "Cocaine is also absorbed after TAC is applied to dermal lacerations and may cause toxicity by this route. " 07/01/1992 - "We report such a case with extensive laceration of the maternal urinary bladder occurring after ingestion of cocaine." 02/01/1992 - "Only two children had levels of more than 100 ng/mL. No significant correlation between patient or laceration characteristics and cocaine levels was detected. " 01/01/2011 - "To compare the efficacy and safety of infiltrated local anaesthetics with those of topical local anaesthetics for repair of dermal lacerations and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various single or multi-component topical anaesthetics to identify cocaine-free topically applied local anaesthetics that may provide equivalent analgesia to those containing cocaine. "
5.	Chest Pain (Chest Pains) 01/01/2011 - "The initial ECG with a good clinical history can be used effectively to triage patients presenting with chest pain and current use of cocaine in the emergency department." 06/01/2015 - "Further studies may be necessary to investigate the role of platelet activation in patients with cocaine use and chest pain. " 06/01/2014 - "Because few clinical studies have evaluated this interaction, we identified patients with toxicology screen results positive for cocaine treated for chest pain at 2 academic hospitals. " 03/01/2014 - "There were 111 admissions to the CDU for cocaine chest pain during the study period. " 03/01/2014 - "The goal of this study was to determine the safety of an 8-hour protocol for ruling out MI in patients who presented with cocaine-associated chest pain. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
2.	Nicotine
3.	Tetracaine (Amethocaine)
4.	Methadone (Dolophine)
5.	Heroin (Diamorphine)
6.	Amphetamine (Amfetamine)
7.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
8.	Diazepam (Valium)
9.	Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)
10.	N-Methylaspartate (NMDA)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Self Administration (Administration, Self)
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Anesthesia
4.	Injections
5.	Prenatal Care