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Clonidine (ST 155)

An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.

Also Known As:

ST 155; Catapres; Boehringer Ingelheim Brand of Clonidine Hydrochloride; Catapresan; Catapressan; Chlophazolin; Clofelin; Clofenil; Clonidine Dihydrochloride; Clonidine Hydrochloride; Clonidine Monohydrobromide; Clonidine Monohydrochloride; Clopheline; Dixarit; Gemiton; Hemiton; Isoglaucon; Klofelin; Klofenil; M-5041T; ST-155; Dihydrochloride, Clonidine; Hydrochloride, Clonidine; M 5041T; M5041T; Monohydrobromide, Clonidine; Monohydrochloride, Clonidine; ST155; 1H-Imidazol-2-amine, N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-

Networked: 3708 relevant articles (344 outcomes, 501 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Heterocyclic Compounds: 60
- 1-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds
  - Azoles: 413
    - Imidazoles: 107
      - Imidazolines: 19
        Clonidine: 3708
        tizanidine: 175
        apraclonidine: 117
        clonidine-displacing substance: 69
        alinidine: 61
        lofexidine: 53
        ST 91: 17
        2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline: 15
        chlorethylclonidine: 15
        St 587: 5
        4-iodoclonidine: 3
        chlorthalidone drug combination clonidine: 2
        proxopheline: 2
        St 93: 2
        2-(2,3,6-trichlorophenylimino)imidazolidine: 1
        2-(2,3-dichloro-6-methylphenylimino)imidazolidine: 1
        tolonidine: 1
        2,4,6-trifluorine clopheline
        2,6-dimethylclonidine
        2-(2,6-dichlorophenylimino)piperimidine.HNO3
        2-(2,6-dichlorophenyloxy)-2-imidazoline
        2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylamino)imidazoline
        2-(6-(1,4-benzodioxanyl)amino)imidazoline maleate
        3,5-dichloro-4-(imidazolidin)-2-ylideneammonio benzoate dehydrate
        4-azidoclonidine
        4-carboxyclonidine-methyl 3,5-dichlorotyrosine
        4-hydroxyclonidine
        CBS 1276
        clonidine 4-isothiocyanate
        clonidine 4-methylisothiocyanate
        hydroxyphenacetyl aminoclonidine
        indanidine
        KUM 32
        N,N'-dimethylclonidine
        St 1913
        St 1965
        ST 1967
        St 363
        TH 91-21
        TH 91-22

Experts

1.	Eisenach, James C: 23 articles (01/2015 - 09/2002)
2.	Abdel-Rahman, Abdel A: 11 articles (05/2015 - 09/2003)
3.	Quintin, L: 8 articles (12/2013 - 02/2008)
4.	Eisenach, J C: 7 articles (01/2005 - 01/2000)
5.	Porreca, Frank: 6 articles (05/2015 - 06/2004)
6.	De Kock, Marc: 6 articles (12/2012 - 10/2002)
7.	El-Mas, Mahmoud M: 6 articles (01/2011 - 03/2004)
8.	Delivoria-Papadopoulos, Maria: 6 articles (01/2010 - 03/2007)
9.	Roh, Dae-Hyun: 5 articles (01/2015 - 08/2008)
10.	Lavigne, Gilles J: 5 articles (01/2015 - 03/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches) 03/01/2009 - "The administration of low-dose clonidine in combination with acupuncture produced a potent analgesic effect without significant side effects and thus represents a potential novel strategy for the management of chronic pain." 01/01/2014 - "Intrathecal administration of clonidine (37.5 or 65 μg/kg) caused a significant reduction in the mean time spent in pain-related behavior. " 07/01/2013 - "Pain scores at rest showed significant reduction in the clonidine group during the period from 24 to 72 hours postoperatively with 95% CI for the ratios of 2 means (1.09-3.61), (2.04-9.04), and (2.54-16.55), respectively, with shoulder movement at 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively 95% CI for the ratio of 2 means (1.10-3.15), (1.32-6.38), and (1.33-8.42), respectively. " 01/01/2014 - "However, qualitative analysis of nearly thirty clinical studies provides some evidence that clonidine administered through epidural, intrathecal and local/topical route may be effective in chronic pain conditions where neuropathy is a predominant component. " 06/01/2002 - "This phase I/II study was performed to investigate if intrathecal clonidine is well tolerated and effective for long-term treatment of intractable chronic pain. "
2.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 05/01/1989 - "The results suggest that transdermal clonidine may be beneficial for the maintenance therapy of many patients with mild hypertension." 01/01/2011 - "This work provides results of therapeutic efficacy testing and clonidine toleration in moderating of perioperative tachicardia and hypertension, as well as reducing the needs for anaestathic drugs, thus providing better patients' cardiovascular stability. " 03/01/2006 - "Because hypertension of autonomic failure can be driven by residual sympathetic tone, we hypothesized that clonidine would be effective in reducing blood pressure (BP) and nocturnal natriuresis. " 01/01/2005 - "Clonidine is a classical sympatholytic drug that is widely used for the treatment of hypertension. " 05/01/1991 - "Oral clonidine 0.2 mg was effective in reducing the level of behavioral and hemodynamic responses preoperatively and in blunting systolic hypertension produced by prolonged laryngoscopy."
3.	Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure) 12/01/1982 - "Both the clonidine-induced hypotension and the rebound increase in blood pressure after cessation of clonidine were significantly greater in the reacting than in the nonreacting group. " 08/01/2003 - "This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of intravenous clonidine as the primary drug for induced arterial hypotension. " 08/01/2005 - "[Tolerance of the oral clonidine test in 180 patients: efficacy of the volemic expantion in controlling arterial hypotension]." 05/01/2007 - "This animal study was designed to assess how clonidine-induced systemic sympathicolysis affects liver oxygenation with respect to induced hypotension and vasodilatation under physiological conditions. " 03/01/2000 - "Throughout the study nine patients (75%) in the 300 microg clonidine group were treated at least once for hypotension. "
4.	Postoperative Pain 08/01/1998 - "Meta-analysis of the efficacy of extradural clonidine to relieve postoperative pain: an impossible task." 01/01/2002 - "Clonidine for treatment of postoperative pain: a dose-finding study." 08/01/1998 - "Proposals for a standard study design are made to help comparison between studies involving extradural clonidine and postoperative pain." 02/01/1997 - "Many studies have shown the beneficial effect of epidural clonidine in postoperative pain management. " 10/01/2013 - "Postoperative pain VAS during 24 hours after the surgery was significantly (P=0.001) lower in clonidine group (3.86 +/- 0.89) compared to the placebo group (4.86 +/- 0.93). "
5.	Hyperalgesia 10/14/1996 - "Intrathecal (i.t.) clonidine dose-dependently relieved allodynia and doses up to 10 micrograms did not induce motor deficits or sedation, but slightly increased systemic blood pressure. " 09/01/1993 - "Comments on topical clonidine for relief from allodynia." 12/01/1991 - "In four patients with SMP, clonidine eliminated or substantially reduced hyperalgesia to mechanical and cold stimuli. " 12/01/1998 - "The objectives of this study were to assess the role of spinal NO in maintenance of allodynia and to determine the role of spinal NO in the antiallodynic effect of intrathecal clonidine. " 10/14/1996 - "The present studies examined the effects of clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, on this allodynia-like response. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Bupivacaine (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride)
2.	Morphine (MS Contin)
3.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
4.	Clonidine (ST 155)
5.	Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
6.	Propranolol (Inderal)
7.	gabapentin (Neurontin)
8.	Ketamine
9.	Midazolam (Versed)
10.	Opioid Analgesics (Opioids)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Analgesia
2.	Premedication
3.	Injections
4.	Conduction Anesthesia (Regional Anesthesia)
5.	Anesthesia