Chronic Disease (Chronic Diseases)

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 9079 relevant articles (342 outcomes, 803 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Anemia
3.	Cardiovascular Diseases (Cardiovascular Disease)
4.	Infection
5.	Rheumatoid Arthritis

Experts

1.	Ferrucci, Luigi: 29 articles (01/2015 - 02/2003)
2.	Bandinelli, Stefania: 19 articles (01/2015 - 01/2006)
3.	Guralnik, Jack M: 18 articles (01/2015 - 02/2003)
4.	Semba, Richard D: 16 articles (07/2012 - 03/2002)
5.	Holick, Michael F: 14 articles (01/2014 - 03/2004)
6.	Aggarwal, Bharat B: 13 articles (10/2014 - 01/2007)
7.	Kristal, Alan R: 10 articles (05/2014 - 01/2003)
8.	Fried, Linda P: 10 articles (06/2012 - 06/2005)
9.	Bruera, Eduardo: 9 articles (09/2015 - 02/2004)
10.	Weiss, Günter: 9 articles (09/2014 - 06/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Chronic Disease:

1.	IronIBA 04/01/2009 - "Over the last 3 decades, the development of regular transfusion therapy and iron chelation has dramatically improved the quality of life and transformed thalassaemia from a rapidly fatal disease to a chronic disease compatible with prolonged survival. " 11/01/1977 - "In both conditions the anaemia was the result of the failure of the marrow to compensate for a modest degree of peripheral haemolysis but ineffective erythropoiesis was significantly greater in iron deficiency than in chronic disease. " 11/01/2005 - "The small dose oral iron absorption test is a potentially useful test in clinical practice and it may be helpful for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia and the differential diagnosis with the anaemia of chronic disease. " 11/01/2009 - "Infants with acute or chronic illness, exchange transfusion and those who had taken or were currently taking iron supplementation were not included into the study. " 01/01/2009 - "Recent advances in our understanding of iron metabolism in patients with chronic illness and the results of clinical trials indicate that parenteral iron improves ESA response in this setting. "
2.	AntioxidantsIBA 12/29/2004 - "Antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables play an important role via their protective effects against the onset of aging-related chronic diseases. " 01/01/2013 - "Honey as a source of dietary antioxidants: structures, bioavailability and evidence of protective effects against human chronic diseases." 02/01/2009 - "Fruits and vegetables in the diet are associated with lower rates of chronic disease, and this is often attributed to their content of antioxidants, and a resulting protection against oxidative stress. " 11/01/2004 - "Efficacy of dietary antioxidants to prevent oxidative damage and inhibit chronic disease." 11/01/2015 - "With the ongoing use of antioxidants for other chronic diseases, there is a need for a controlled trial to recognize their potential in ameliorating the development of this devastating disease. "
3.	polyphenolsIBA 01/01/2014 - "Polyphenols are effective against chronic diseases and recent reports indicated strong epigenetic effects of polyphenols. " 06/01/2008 - "Polyphenols are widely distributed in plant foods, and have been linked to improved human health through reduced risk of chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular. " 09/01/2013 - "Epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies support a role of polyphenols in the prevention of various chronic diseases. " 12/01/2015 - "We summarize the recent findings concerning the effects of polyphenols on human chronic disease and the future directions for research to increase the amount of these compounds in wine. " 09/01/2015 - "Extracts 3 and 7 (undergoing the combinations of clarification and centrifugation, and astringency removal, centrifugation and pasteurization, respectively) contained more polyphenols, which may help reduce risk of chronic diseases. "
4.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 11/01/2007 - "Similarly, many studies have demonstrated a significant protection against chronic diseases from a global healthy lifestyle (HL) pattern which includes not only dietary habits but also physical activity and abstinence from smoking, whereas few data regarding the influence of a HL pattern on circulating biomarkers are available. " 06/01/2011 - "  and  Discussion The issues addressed include: (1) development of collaborative care in the context of oncology (e.g., timing of the intervention, tailoring of the intervention, ethical issues regarding randomization of patients, and changes in medical treatment over the course of the study); (2) use of a website by chronically ill populations (e.g., design and access to the website, development of the website and intervention, ethical issues associated with website development, website usage, and unanticipated costs associated with website development); (3) evaluation of the efficacy of intervention (e.g., patient preferences, proxy raters, changes in medical treatment, and inclusion of biomarkers as endpoints); and (4) analyses and interpretation of the intervention (e.g., confounding factors, dose and active ingredients, and risks and benefits of collaborative care interventions in chronically ill patients). " 01/01/2014 - "Decreased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages improved selected biomarkers of chronic disease risk among US adults: 1999 to 2010." 05/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to examine the association of objectively measured lifestyle light-intensity physical activity (LLPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with various biological markers and chronic diseases among a nationally representative sample of U.S. " 04/01/2015 - "The aim of our study was to establish whether current reference intervals for immune parameters and chemical biomarkers are valid for older individuals including those with chronic diseases, so-called frail elderly. "
5.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 11/28/2012 - "Epidemiological and other evidence suggests that vitamin D may be protective against several chronic diseases. " 09/01/2014 - "Recognition that vitamin D might be associated with many chronic diseases has led to large-scale epidemiological and clinical studies. " 03/01/2013 - "This information can be used in developing both model systems of investigation and clinical trials of vitamin D in children with acute and chronic illnesses." 01/01/2013 - "This study evaluated vitamin D status and its association with age, gender, and season in a large cohort of chronically ill Finnish patients at a tertiary pediatric outpatient clinic. " 12/28/2012 - "Given the growing evidence of the role of vitamin D in chronic disease, this study could help develop public health strategies for disease prevention in Qatar. "
6.	Vitamin EFDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2004 - "Vitamin E is a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant that ameliorates the oxidative stress load associated with some chronic disease conditions. " 10/01/2012 - "Contradictory results from clinical trials that examined the role of vitamin E in chronic disease could be a consequence of interindividual variation, caused by factors such as xenobiotic use. " 01/01/2005 - "Clinical trials update from the American Heart Association meeting: ACORN-CSD, primary care trial of chronic disease management, PEACE, CREATE, SHIELD, A-HeFT, GEMINI, vitamin E meta-analysis, ESCAPE, CARP, and SCD-HeFT cost-effectiveness study." 12/01/2004 - "Several large-scale trials currently under way will help identify the potential benefits of vitamin E in the primary prevention of CVD and other chronic illness. " 10/01/2001 - "Large scale randomized clinical trials including healthy and low-risk subjects, along with prolonged administration of high-dose natural vitamin E, associated with synergetic compounds, and testing on morphological or biological features, will allow a better understanding of the relationship between vitamin E and chronic diseases."
7.	Carotenoids (Carotene)IBA 01/01/2013 - "Through this study a definite dosage formulation for consumption of carotenoids is being proposed which will enhance health promotion and prevent chronic diseases when taken as fortified foods or dietary supplements. " 01/01/2007 - "This study reveals the importance of a continuous consumption of carotenoid rich foods in order to maintain high levels of plasma carotenoids for the potential prevention of chronic diseases in individuals." 12/05/2002 - "The analysis of carotenoids in plasma, foods and tissues has thus become of interest in studies examining the role of diet in chronic disease prevention and management. " 12/05/2002 - "Epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown that a high intake of vegetables and fruit, with consequently high intakes and circulating concentrations of carotenoids, is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. " 05/01/1996 - "Numerous observational studies have found that people who ingest more carotenoids in their diets have a reduced risk of several chronic diseases. "
8.	FlavonoidsIBA 11/01/2013 - "Flavonoids are also beneficial for human health and depress the progression of some chronic diseases. " 06/01/1998 - "Flavonoids are non-nutritive compounds of plants that have been intensively investigated during the past years due to their possible protective effects against chronic diseases. " 07/01/2015 - "Although growing evidence from trials and population-based studies has supported a protective role for flavonoids in relation to risk of certain chronic diseases, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. " 11/01/2014 - "Being obtainable by breeding strategies, maize model foods can provide functional foods that can be used for both animal feeding studies and human intervention trials for assessing the role of flavonoids or other bioactives in preventing chronic diseases. " 01/01/2003 - "In study 2 we confronted 149 regular students with differently framed messages related to a (more or less fictive) preventive dietary behaviour that was expected to be unknown to the study population, intake of flavonoids and risk for chronic disease. "
9.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 10/01/2013 - "Raising awareness about co morbid emotional disorders in such chronic illnesses and availing effective treatment for depression with the basic diabetic care at these clinics may improve glycemia and diabetic related complications." 01/01/2009 - "This paper investigates the extent to which patients suffering from chronic disease in rural China face catastrophic expenditure on healthcare, and how far the New Co-operative Medical Insurance Scheme (NCMS) offers them financial protection against this. " 04/01/2014 - "This study includes a review of the co-occurrence of cognitive impairment with chronic diseases, and discusses how cognitive impairment, dyadic caregiver patient support, patient efficacy with technology, and smart home technologies can impact the effectiveness and sustainability of online support for disease self-management. " 12/31/2007 - "71% of people benefited from a waiver of co-payment due to a chronic disease (100% medical fee coverage for a list of 30 diseases including diabetes). " 04/01/2015 - "An examination of the co-occurrence of modifiable risk factors associated with chronic disease among youth in the COMPASS study."
10.	VitaminsIBA 12/01/2015 - "This study contributes to the existing literature by taking into account that the analysis of dietary quality comprises two dimensions: the adequate intake of vitamins and minerals, as well as the moderate intake of nutrients that increase the risk of chronic diseases. " 10/01/2013 - "However, the paradoxical character of the results obtained in several randomized trials should prompt caution in the use of vitamin supplements to prevent chronic diseases." 08/01/2013 - "Studies aiming to demonstrate an association between antioxidant vitamins and carotenoid status and chronic disease risk should consider these potential confounders." 11/01/2005 - "It may be misleading to focus on a single element of the diet; this may explain, at least in part, the disappointing and frustrating results obtained in trials with vitamin supplementation, prematurely thought to be "the magic bullet" for preventing a myriad of chronic diseases. " 12/01/2002 - "Subjects were participants of the Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals Study, which investigates the effects of antioxidant supplementation on chronic diseases. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/2004 - "There is Level I evidence to show that quality-of-life (QOL) is significantly improved in patients with chemotherapy-induced anaemia and in those with anaemia of chronic disease, particularly in patients achieving a Hb response to erythropoietic protein therapy. " 05/01/2009 - "Moreover, moderate physical exercise is often more effective in treating chronic disease than drug therapy e.g. " 12/01/2014 - "Very few studies have investigated associations between specific multimorbidity and multi-drug therapy, and most currently focus on chronic disease comorbid depression outcomes. " 07/01/2013 - "The new scale has acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient alpha=0.86), content validity for use in chemotherapy trials of patients with advanced disease, and concurrent validity as demonstrated by moderate-to-strong correlations with the existing Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy measure. " 01/01/2010 - "We have also evaluated those studies which demonstrate that the association of physical activity with drug therapy in chronic diseases results in a better prognosis. "
2.	Palliative Care (Palliative Medicine) 01/01/2005 - "Palliative care is medical care that provides relief from suffering and support for the best possible quality of life for patients facing advanced chronic illness and for their families. " 10/01/2003 - "Through integrating palliative care into curative care practices earlier in the disease trajectory, chronically ill patients nearing the end of life report improved satisfaction with care and demonstrate less acute care use resulting in lower costs of care. " 04/01/2015 - "The impact of Community health workers helped the district hospital to map patients with chronic diseases, palliative care and identify symptoms for better orientation. " 01/01/2012 - "The primary outcome will be to assess the efficacy of palliative care on chronic illness. " 05/01/2007 - "Ideally, palliative care is incorporated as a priority within all aspects of each country's national health plan, so that all patients living with or dying from any chronic disease may have their suffering relieved, including children and the elderly. "
3.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 10/01/2015 - "As the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV has become a chronic disease for most individuals in developed countries. " 01/01/2015 - "In the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy HIV is now viewed as a chronic disease. " 08/01/2014 - "The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality, thus increasing life expectancy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, transforming HIV into a chronic disease. " 04/01/2014 - "Since the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV is considered a chronic disease. " 04/01/2012 - "Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has converted HIV into a chronic disease, a reservoir of HIV latently infected resting T cells prevents the eradication of the virus from patients. "
4.	Long-Term Care 03/01/1999 - "More emphasis is required on chronic disease management, on meaningful integration between acute and long-term care services, and on improved coordination between Medicare and Medicaid initiatives. " 07/01/1998 - "Further improvement in blood pressure control at the population level will result from dealing with hard-to-solve problems, such as access to care, long-term management of a chronic disease, and societal influences on lifestyle. " 01/25/1992 - "Due to their special skills, psychiatrists can be helpful in the long term care of chronically ill children. " 07/01/2014 - "[The epidemiology of chronic diseases and long-term care: results of a claims data-based study]." 01/01/2013 - "In the three large study samples (home care: n = 128,448; long-term care: n = 26,644; mental health: n = 13,812), interRAI diagnoses demonstrated high specificity when compared to administrative records, for both neurological conditions (range 0.80-1.00) and comparative chronic diseases (range 0.83-1.00). "
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 11/01/2003 - "Evolutionary differences among rodents, primates, and humans; fundamental differences in the anatomy and physiology; differences in immune responses in xenotransplant models; the paucity of good transplant models of chronic disease; and allelic variability in the cells themselves make any study evaluating the efficacy of cells in transplant models difficult to interpret. " 03/01/2010 - "Adherence has not meaningfully improved, despite meta-analyses and systematic narrative reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) dealing with medication nonadherence in acutely and chronically ill persons and RCTs dealing with transplant patients. " 03/01/2015 - "This is the first multi-centre, multi-continental study examining healthcare system and heart transplant centres chronic illness management practice patterns and potential correlates of immunosuppressive medication non-adherence. " 03/01/2015 - "This study of heart transplant patients will: (1) describe practice patterns relating to chronic illness management; (2) assess prevalence and variability of non-adherence to the treatment regimen; (3) determine the multi-level factors related to immunosuppressive medication non-adherence. " 01/01/2013 - "Transplanted patients in this study showed a high level of therapeutic adherence that did not differ from other transplant series, either cardiac or other organs, nor from other chronic diseases. "