Chromogranins

A group of acidic proteins that are major components of SECRETORY GRANULES in the endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. They play important roles in the aggregation, packaging, sorting, and processing of secretory protein prior to secretion. They are cleaved to release biologically active peptides. There are various types of granins, usually classified by their sources.

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Networked: 1100 relevant articles (13 outcomes, 78 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Terada, Tadashi: 29 articles (01/2015 - 01/2009)
2.	Stridsberg, Mats: 10 articles (01/2019 - 10/2004)
3.	Suster, Saul: 8 articles (08/2018 - 05/2003)
4.	Mahata, Sushil K: 8 articles (01/2013 - 01/2004)
5.	Moran, Cesar A: 7 articles (07/2011 - 12/2002)
6.	Cao, Dengfeng: 6 articles (01/2021 - 10/2011)
7.	Lai, Jinping: 5 articles (02/2020 - 07/2017)
8.	Rekhi, Bharat: 5 articles (10/2015 - 03/2010)
9.	Kim, Mi-Jung: 5 articles (06/2013 - 07/2005)
10.	Young, Robert H: 5 articles (10/2010 - 01/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 04/01/2008 - "Measuring CART-LI in addition to chromogranin (Cg)-A improved the sensitivity for neuroendocrine malignancy from 85 to 91%, whereas combined use of CgA and CgB had a joint sensitivity of 89%. " 05/01/2002 - "The current study shows that chromogranin is the most valuable marker in differentiating between the tumors (P < 0.01). " 09/01/2001 - "The results of the present study show that rat mammary tumors can express chromogranin genes." 12/01/2018 - "In 52 cases of MCC, stratified by viral status and morphology, we studied 5 markers commonly used in the diagnostic evaluation of these tumors (CK20, CK7, chromogranin, neurofilament and TTF-1). " 08/01/2018 - "Positivity for p16 in combination with chromogranin and CD56 may be potentially good markers for differentiating this tumor from other adnexal tumors."
2.	Small Cell Carcinoma 09/01/1988 - "In this study, immunostaining with an antiserum to human chromogranin gave positive results in most cases of each tumour type except the small cell carcinomas. " 11/01/2019 - "Microscopic findings showed pulmonary-type small-cell carcinoma-associated, intestinal-type ovarian mucinous carcinoma-with positive results for several neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin, CD56) and the thyroid transcription factor-1. " 01/01/2020 - "40/48 (82.7%) small cell carcinomas were positive for INSM1, including 19/24 (79%) small cell carcinomas that were negative for chromogranin and synaptophysin. " 01/01/2018 - "On Immunohistochemistry, presence of chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD-56 is necessary to make a diagnosis of small cell carcinoma. " 11/01/2011 - "On immunostains, the small cell carcinoma cells were positive for pancytokeratin (11/12), chromogranin (6/9), and synaptophysin (8/9). "
3.	Carcinoid Tumor (Carcinoid) 06/01/1987 - "In the 1- and 6-month studies with doses of 1000 mg/kg, the grading for the number of oxyntic chromogranin-positive cells was 2.5 to 3 times the control levels, and they were distributed mostly throughout the mucosa, whereas at lower doses, which did not produce carcinoid tumours at 2 years, the neuroendocrine cells were distributed in the lower half of the mucosa with 1.5- to 2-fold increases in grades for cell numbers. " 12/01/2021 - "Serum chromogranin is highly sensitive even in non-secretory carcinoids. " 01/01/2019 - "Analysis of LCNEC revealed a subgroup of intermediate NET G3 tumors that differed from LCNEC by carcinoid morphology, expression of chromogranin, and negativity for enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2). " 01/01/2004 - "All ECL cell carcinoids and hyperplastic lesions were positive for both the Sevier-Munger and the immunohistochemical stains for chromogranin and VMAT-2. " 02/01/1996 - "However, the strongly argyrophilic, chromogranin staining and ultrastructural presence of neurosecretory granules confirmed the diagnosis of primary ovarian carcinoid tumor. "
4.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis) 12/01/2005 - "We found an association between Sp17 expression and metastases at relapse (P = .035), chromogranin expression (P = .014), and a female sex prevalence. " 03/01/2001 - "Metastases showed histological features of NE differentiation, as confirmed by chromogranin immunostaining and electron microscopy. " 03/11/2023 - "Correlating expression levels in tissue samples of primary melanoma and metastases revealed that secretogranin 2 (SCG2) is highly expressed in advanced melanoma patients with poor overall survival (OS) rates. " 09/01/1997 - "A hundred-fold increase of plasma chromogranin is seen in patients with midgut carcinoid tumors and liver metastases. " 06/01/1995 - "Immunocytochemistry, using CAM 5.2, CEA and chromogranin, demonstrated a positive reaction which strongly favoured a diagnosis of metastases from a medullary cell carcinoma of the thyroid. "
5.	Adenoma (Adenomas) 02/01/1986 - "However, most of the null-cell adenomas are positive for chromogranin. " 01/01/1991 - "Pathologic studies showed on undifferentiated hypophyseal adenoma with immunostaining for chromogranin only and a benign adrenocortical adenoma. " 04/01/1992 - "The cellular distribution of the granins and of various hormones known to be expressed in the anterior pituitary was studied by immunocytochemistry in fixed, frozen tissue sections from five additional adenomas. " 09/01/1988 - "Comparing all three groups of adenomas, there are no differences in the immunoreactivity to alpha-subunit (24 of 31 adenomas, 77%), chromogranin (26 of 31 adenomas, 84%), and of synaptophysin (13 of 31 adenomas, 42%). " 06/01/1985 - "Chromogranin immunopositivity was variable in extent and intensity; not every glycoprotein-producing cell could be immunostained in the nontumorous adenohypophysis and the majority of chromogranin-containing adenomas showed only focal positivity. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Synaptophysin
2.	Phosphopyruvate Hydratase (Enolase)
3.	Antibodies
4.	Keratins (Keratin)
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
6.	S100 Proteins (S 100 Protein)
7.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)
8.	Chromogranin A
9.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
10.	Inhibins (Inhibin)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Radiotherapy
3.	Prostatectomy (Retropubic Prostatectomy)
4.	Chemoradiotherapy
5.	Neck Dissection (Radical Neck Dissection)