Chorioretinitis

Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body.

Also Known As:

Networked: 443 relevant articles (21 outcomes, 17 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Choroidal Neovascularization
2.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
3.	Uveitis
4.	Cytomegalovirus Infections (Inclusion Disease)
5.	Infections

Experts

1.	Herbort, Carl P: 5 articles (05/2021 - 10/2011)
2.	Errera, Marie-Hélène: 3 articles (10/2022 - 01/2022)
3.	Sahel, José-Alain: 3 articles (10/2022 - 01/2022)
4.	Davis, Janet L: 3 articles (01/2021 - 04/2004)
5.	Ciardella, Antonio P: 3 articles (03/2020 - 02/2014)
6.	Morara, Mariachiara: 3 articles (03/2020 - 02/2014)
7.	Veronese, Chiara: 3 articles (03/2020 - 02/2014)
8.	Rao, Narsing A: 3 articles (04/2017 - 08/2002)
9.	Montoya, Jose G: 2 articles (07/2022 - 04/2018)
10.	Pichi, Francesco: 2 articles (04/2022 - 02/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Chorioretinitis:

1.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2020 - "The chorioretinitis was refractory to intravitreal amphotericin B as well. " 01/01/1993 - "Systemic treatment with Amphotericin led to resolution of the chorioretinitis. " 01/01/1959 - "The Use of Amphotericin B in Selected Cases of Chorioretinitis." 09/24/1983 - "Pars plana vitrectomy plus local instillation of amphotericin B cured progressive chorioretinitis. " 07/01/1968 - "Amphotericin B therapy in the treatment of presumed histoplasma chorioretinitis. "
2.	Voriconazole (Vfend)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2020 - "Intravitreal voriconazole injection was effective in the treatment of intractable candida chorioretinitis." 05/01/2020 - "Intravitreal Voriconazole for Treatment of Bilateral Endogenous Candida Chorioretinitis." 08/01/2011 - "The aim of this article is to report a case of Aspergillus chorioretinitis successfully treated with intravitreal voriconazole based on an interventional case report. " 08/01/2011 - "Intravitreal voriconazole for the treatment of Aspergillus chorioretinitis." 11/05/2010 - "A 44-year-old immunocompromised woman was treated with voriconazole for fungal chorioretinitis. "
3.	Ganciclovir (Cytovene)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2006 - "Ganciclovir was re-started, and the patient improved, but 6 months later he relapsed, and chorioretinitis lesions compatible both with T. " 01/01/2019 - "It cannot be excluded that ganciclovir, used for the treatment of CMV chorioretinitis, may have contributed to the control of HHV8 replication. " 01/01/1988 - "The effect of different dosages of ganciclovir on proved cytomegalovirus chorioretinitis was tested in a randomized trial on 11 homosexual men with AIDS. " 01/01/1988 - "Efficacy and safety of two different dose levels of ganciclovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus chorioretinitis in AIDS patients." 08/01/2010 - "Is a 6-week course of ganciclovir therapy effective for chorioretinitis in infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection?"
4.	Bevacizumab (Avastin)FDA Link 04/01/2018 - "Bevacizumab was effective in treatment of choroidal neovascularization associated with candida chorioretinitis." 01/01/2020 - "Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Treatment of Bilateral Candida Chorioretinitis Complicated with Choroidal Neovascularization." 04/01/2018 - "To report a case of juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization in a patient with candida chorioretinitis successfully treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. " 04/01/2018 - "Bevacizumab for treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to candida chorioretinitis." 03/01/2012 - "Use of intravitreous bevacizumab to treat macular edema in West Nile virus chorioretinitis."
5.	Immunosuppressive Agents (Immunosuppressants)IBA 10/25/2023 - "The study confirmed that in patients with uveitis or chorioretinitis who had a refractory response to treatment with other immunosuppressive agents, subcutaneous MTX showed improved treatment efficacy." 10/25/2023 - "Patients with uveitis or chorioretinitis who showed little to no treatment response for 6 months or more with conventional immunosuppressive agents were treated with MTX, administered subcutaneously. " 01/01/2019 - "Relentless Placoid Chorioretinitis: A Case Series of Successful Tapering of Systemic Immunosuppressants Achieved with Adalimumab." 11/01/1982 - "The treatment of toxoplasma chorioretinitis when indicated should be specific and immunosuppressive agents should only be used in conjunction with antibiotics to avoid dissemination of the organism." 01/01/2009 - "Whereas the topical application of immunosuppressive agents did not prevent the development of chorioretinitis, passive immunization with hyperimmune sera partially prevented retinal and corneal damage. "
6.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 10/01/2019 - "Treatment with at least two drugs and corticosteroids should be offered to patients with active toxoplasmic chorioretinitis. " 01/01/2019 - "We diagnosed the case as RPC based on characteristic clinical findings and recurring chorioretinitis during tapering of systemic corticosteroids. " 12/01/2010 - "Furthermore, the severity of chorioretinitis lesion in the group of patients given corticosteroid prior to ATT may account for the poor visual outcome." 06/01/2003 - "To report a case of corticosteroid-induced modulation of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis. " 06/01/2003 - "Corticosteroid-induced modulation of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis."
7.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 10/01/2022 - "To report two cases of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis (ASPPC) with choriocapillaris flow voids that partially resolved with systemic antibiotic treatment. " 04/01/2004 - "The primary outcome measure was diagnosis of disseminated toxoplasmic chorioretinitis by any combination of tests or by empiric use of specific antibiotics. " 10/24/2023 - "Of 47 patients with chorioretinitis, 45 (95.7%) improved with systemic antibiotic therapy alone. " 07/01/2017 - "Fungal chorioretinitis with systemic candidiasis in an infant following treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics: A case report." 04/01/2016 - "Two-thirds of the patients with endophthalmitis (10/15 patients) were treated with intravitreal antibiotics combined with parenteral antibiotics, whereas all of the patients with chorioretinitis were treated only with systemic antibiotics. "
8.	Sulfadiazine (Sulphadiazine)FDA Link 01/01/1990 - "After an initial improvement with a sulfadiazine and pyriméthamine treatment, we noticed a foveal chorioretinitis with hyalitis in the right eye which deeply decreased the visual acuity (less than 20/400) strongly suggesting a toxoplasmic etiology. " 03/01/2006 - "Severe sulfadiazine hypersensitivity in a child with reactivated congenital toxoplasmic chorioretinitis." 12/01/1991 - "The course was further complicated by an acute renal insufficiency during treatment of the chorioretinitis with high doses sulfadiazine. " 03/01/2006 - "This case underscores problems in clinical management with sulfadiazine hypersensitivity, potential immunosuppression from corticosteroids and selection of medications for recurrences of toxoplasmic chorioretinitis." 01/01/1987 - "In this series of 54 patients diagnosed as having active toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis, the combination of Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine seems statistically more effective than other reported treatments. "
9.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 05/01/2022 - "Acute Syphilitic Posterior Placoid Chorioretinitis With Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization Managed With Anti-VEGF Therapy." 03/01/2022 - "We report a new finding associated with Toxoplasma chorioretinitis: an abnormal intraretinal vascular process that resolved without anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy but after toxoplasmosis treatment alone." 01/01/2015 - "This is the first reported case in Australia where intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor ranibizumab were used to successfully treat choroidal neovascular membrane caused by granulomatous chorioretinitis. " 04/01/2017 - "Our findings demonstrate that CNV may occur in the course of tuberculous chorioretinitis with marked loss of vision, and management with anti-tuberculosis medications, oral corticosteroids, and intravitreal anti-VEGF injections results in notable improvement in their clinical course."
10.	Fluconazole (Zonal)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2008 - "All three cases of chorioretinitis had positive blood cultures for Candida albicans (p = 0.089) and were treated with oral fluconazole. " 11/01/1990 - "In the second series, three out of six rabbits were injected intravenously of the same dose of fluconazole as described above for four days starting at 3 days after inoculation, when chorioretinitis was first observed. " 10/01/2021 - "Anidulafungin versus fluconazole in the treatment of Candida albicans chorioretinitis." 03/01/2006 - "Amphotericin B, fluconazole and voriconazole are effective in the treatment of chorioretinitis; however, when vitreous is involved vitrectomy seems necessary. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 06/01/1980 - "The dramatic clinical results indicate that similar therapy may prove to be beneficial in other patients with chorioretinitis and T-cell deficiency." 03/01/2020 - "Multimodal imaging of SAB-related chorioretinitis allows for accurate diagnosis as well as assessment of response to antimicrobial therapy." 01/01/2017 - "Rapid resolution of toxoplasma chorioretinitis treatment using quadruple therapy." 12/01/2015 - "albicans chorioretinitis allows for accurate diagnosis, assessment of response to therapy, and prognosis for visual recovery and future complications." 01/01/2015 - "We report a case of paradoxical worsening of tuberculous chorioretinitis after initiation of anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT). "
2.	Vitrectomy 05/01/2007 - "Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of TP was applied in diagnostic vitrectomies of two patients with acute chorioretinitis. " 02/01/1993 - "In conclusion, pars plana vitrectomy in multifocal chorioretinitis achieved no positive long-term result. " 02/01/1993 - "Vitrectomy in multifocal chorioretinitis." 01/01/1986 - "[Candida chorioretinitis and vitrectomy]." 01/01/2009 - "She had previously been treated for toxoplasma chorioretinitis and had vitrectomies for retinal detachment in the right eye. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 12/01/2023 - "A case of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis showing improved choroidal blood flow after treatment." 11/01/2021 - "ACUTE SYPHILITIC POSTERIOR PLACOID CHORIORETINITIS: MULTIMODAL IMAGING AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC FINDINGS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT." 02/01/2014 - "To describe the appearance of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis, a rare ocular manifestation of syphilis, on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) both before and after treatment. " 02/01/2009 - "A 57-year-old immunocompetent woman was diagnosed with syphilitic bilateral panuveitis after the onset of dramatic bilateral visual loss with inflammation of the anterior segment of the eye, severe vitritis and chorioretinitis which improved after treatment. " 01/01/2008 - "Moreover, inclusion of retinalamine into the complex treatment in patients with tuberculous chorioretinitis slowed down the maturation rate of concomitant age-related cataract and prevented diminished vision in 97.8, 95.6, 66.7, and 53.3% of cases within the first, second, third, and fourth years after treatment, respectively."
4.	Injections 04/19/2022 - "Postoperatively, he was treated with oral Voriconazole and four intravitreal Voriconazole injections, till the chorioretinitis lesions had completely healed and was objectively confirmed on follow-up swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT). " 01/01/2017 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of intravitreal aflibercept injections for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to chorioretinitis. " 04/01/2017 - "Our findings demonstrate that CNV may occur in the course of tuberculous chorioretinitis with marked loss of vision, and management with anti-tuberculosis medications, oral corticosteroids, and intravitreal anti-VEGF injections results in notable improvement in their clinical course." 01/01/2018 - "In one of the cases, a second PK and a more aggressive pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) were performed after corneal recurrence detected by confocal microscopy, as well as the following therapeutic intra- and postoperative maneuvers: anterior chamber washing with povidone-iodine 5% for 1 min; iridectomy of the infiltrated regions; aspiration of the fungal colonies with vitrector; several air/fluid/amphotericin/voriconazole exchanges during PPV; endodiathermy and endophotocoagulation of the chorioretinitis foci; and intrascleral angle injections of voriconazole and amphotericin. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/1987 - "[Efficacy of specific chemotherapy in the prevention of recurrences of toxoplasmic chorioretinitis during the 4 years following the treatment]." 07/01/2023 - "To describe the management of bilateral chorioretinitis with Saprochaete clavata in a post-chemotherapy immunocompromised young patient. " 07/01/2023 - "Saprochaete clavata Chorioretinitis in a Post-chemotherapy Immunocompromised 9-Year-Old Child." 01/01/2017 - "This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial with repeated measures using parallel design to compare the effectiveness of quadruple-drug therapy and triple-drug therapy in patients with toxoplasmic chorioretinitis. " 01/01/2017 - "We conclude that the quadruple-drug therapy has a more rapid resolution effect on chorioretinitis lesion compared to triple therapy."