Chorioamnionitis

INFLAMMATION of the placental membranes (CHORION; AMNION) and connected tissues such as fetal BLOOD VESSELS and UMBILICAL CORD. It is often associated with intrauterine ascending infections during PREGNANCY.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1115 relevant articles (32 outcomes, 141 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Chorioamnionitis
3.	Sepsis (Septicemia)
4.	Endometritis
5.	Rupture

Experts

1.	Romero, Roberto: 43 articles (03/2016 - 06/2002)
2.	Jobe, Alan H: 28 articles (01/2016 - 02/2003)
3.	Kramer, Boris W: 27 articles (01/2016 - 04/2003)
4.	Yoon, Bo Hyun: 24 articles (03/2016 - 06/2002)
5.	Chaiworapongsa, Tinnakorn: 23 articles (01/2015 - 06/2002)
6.	Kallapur, Suhas G: 22 articles (01/2016 - 03/2003)
7.	Hassan, Sonia S: 22 articles (01/2015 - 07/2008)
8.	Newnham, John P: 20 articles (01/2016 - 04/2003)
9.	Hornychova, Helena: 20 articles (01/2016 - 01/2009)
10.	Kacerovsky, Marian: 20 articles (01/2016 - 01/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Chorioamnionitis:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2003 - "The use of antibiotics following pROM is associated with a statistically significant reduction in chorioamnionitis (relative risk (RR) 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37 to 0.86). " 12/01/1994 - "These results suggest that antibacterial agents effective against Gram-positive bacteria should be selected for treatment of chorioamnionitis, and that IPM/CS therapy is particularly useful considering the drug's good transfer into amniotic fluid and its antibacterial spectrum." 01/01/2010 - "We analysed data from HPTN trial of antenatal and intrapartum antibiotics to reduce chorioamnionitis-related perinatal HIV transmission. " 11/01/2007 - "Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 024 was a randomized controlled trial of empiric antibiotics to reduce chorioamnionitis-related perinatal HIV transmission. " 10/01/2006 - "HPTN 024 study: histologic chorioamnionitis, antibiotics and adverse infant outcomes in a predominantly HIV-1-infected African population."
2.	C-Reactive ProteinIBA 01/01/2007 - "During expectant management, serum C-reactive protein levels monitored the remission and aggravation of chorioamnionitis. " 01/01/2005 - "Different studies have supported or refuted the use of C-reactive protein (CRP) to diagnose chorioamnionitis. " 06/01/2001 - "This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of maternal serum C-reactive protein, maternal white blood cell (WBC), and neutrophil counts in the detection of histologic chorioamnionitis. " 03/01/1990 - "Single, small studies, the precision of which has never been tested, show good indices for repeatedly increased serum levels of C-reactive protein (greater than 20 mg/L), a high level of C-reactive protein greater than 40 mg/L, or a day-to-day coefficient of variation for C-reactive protein of greater than 30% in the prediction of histologic or clinical chorioamnionitis. " 11/01/1984 - "Our study indicates that C-reactive protein is an accurate and early marker for predicting clinical chorioamnionitis. "
3.	SteroidsIBA 01/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chorioamnionitis on the outcome of preterm infants and the association of antenatal steroids in the presence of histological chorioamnionitis (HC). " 11/01/2009 - "Previous studies suggest postnatal blood pressure in preterm infants to be decreased by chorioamnionitis and increased by antenatal steroids (AS). " 01/01/2012 - "Different neonatal outcomes in association with chorioamnionitis might occur with the introduction of antenatal steroids. " 01/01/2012 - "The association of histological chorioamnionitis and antenatal steroids on neonatal outcome in preterm infants born at less than thirty-four weeks' gestation." 07/01/2011 - "In prematurely born infants, routinely exposed to antenatal steroids and postnatal surfactant, chorioamnionitis was not associated with worse lung function or more severe BPD."
4.	Ceftazidime (Fortum)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1995 - "Ceftazidime may be effective for the prevention and therapy of fetal intrauterine infection and chorioamnionitis." 09/01/1994 - "[A clinical study on the efficacy of ceftazidime and aspoxicillin in chorioamnionitis. " 09/01/1994 - "Chorioamnionitis as a complication of threatened abortion and preterm labor and preterm PROM were treated with ceftazidime (CAZ) and aspoxicillin (ASPC) as a primary therapy. " 12/01/1994 - "Effects of imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) therapy, flomoxef (FMOX) therapy and combined ceftazidime + aspoxicillin (CAZ/ASPC) therapy as initial therapies for chorioamnionitis were assessed clinically. "
5.	Gentamicins (Gentamicin)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2010 - "Daily and 8-hour gentamicin appear equally effective for the treatment of intrapartum chorioamnionitis. " 02/01/2010 - "To assess whether daily gentamicin is as effective as 8-hour gentamicin for the treatment of intrapartum chorioamnionitis. " 02/01/2010 - "Women with a clinical diagnosis of chorioamnionitis between 32 and 42 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned in labor to receive either daily gentamicin (5 mg/kg intravenously (IV), then 2 placebo doses IV after 8 and 16 hours) or 8-hour gentamicin (2 mg/kg IV, then 1.5 mg/kg IV after 8 and 16 hours). " 02/01/2010 - "Daily compared with 8-hour gentamicin for the treatment of intrapartum chorioamnionitis: a randomized controlled trial." 03/01/2005 - "We randomly assigned 38 laboring women, at least 34 weeks gestation, with clinical chorioamnionitis, into 1 of 2 gentamicin dosing groups: 5.1 mg/kg every 24 hours (once-daily; n = 18), or 120 mg followed by 80 mg every 8 hours (standard; n = 20). "
6.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 10/01/2010 - "In this study, immunostaining of placental sections revealed significantly higher interleukin-6 HSCOREs in decidual cells (DCs) but not in interstitial trophoblasts, in chorioamnionitis versus gestational age-matched control placentas (P < 0.05). " 11/01/2006 - "Previous studies have shown that chorioamnionitis, with increased IL-6, promotes fetal lung maturation and decreases the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in premature neonates. " 06/01/2003 - "The purpose of this study was to compare interleukin-6 and funisitis as predictors of impaired neurologic outcomes in children by performing a secondary analysis on data that were collected prospectively for another purpose. " 06/01/2001 - "In the present study, a comparative analysis was performed between the clinicopathologic profiles of acute funisitis in term and preterm placentas along with measurement of fetal plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels by specific immunoassay to assess the different biologic implications for the fetus. " 10/01/2000 - "The present study shows that IL-6 elevation in fetuses with chorioamnionitis promotes fetal lung maturation by inducing SP-A synthesis, thereby decreasing the incidence of RDS in the preterm neonates."
7.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 06/01/2010 - "Despite the recent studies about the dosage of inflammatory biomarkers in the amniotic fluid or in fetal and maternal blood, placenta histology remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of chorioamnionitis. " 03/06/2015 - "We apply high-throughput amniotic fluid (AF) metabolomics analysis for better understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of chorioamnionitis and its associated perinatal neurological injury and to provide meaningful information about new potential biomarkers. " 03/06/2015 - "LC-MS-based metabolomics identification of novel biomarkers of chorioamnionitis and its associated perinatal neurological damage." 01/01/2014 - " additional projects investigating specific hypotheses among subsamples of the cohort by collecting specific data in addition to the core cohort data are being conducted to investigate 1) diagnosis of histologic chorioamnionitis, 2) early biomarkers of child health, 3) attitudes of care for extremely preterm infants, 4) painful procedures in neonatal intensive care units, 5) neonatal MRI cerebral abnormalities and their relation to executive functions, 6) associations between early gut colonization and early and late onset diseases, 7) impact of neonatal nutrition on child development, and 8) mother-infant attachment. " 11/01/2013 - "We suggest using pro-ADM and serum AA biomarkers for detecting the histological chorioamnionitis at an earlier stage in PPROM without any clinical signs. "
8.	Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2009 - "Chorioamnionitis is thought to be a risk factor for SIP, as is the stress and elevated cortisol that accompanies it. " 07/01/2007 - "Chorioamnionitis-exposed infants treated with hydrocortisone were shorter and weighed less than controls but had no evidence of neurodevelopmental impairment. " 12/01/2004 - "For patients exposed to histologic chorioamnionitis (n = 149), hydrocortisone treatment significantly decreased mortality and increased survival without BPD, defined clinically or physiologically. " 12/01/1999 - "Among infants exposed to chorioamnionitis, hydrocortisone treatment also was associated with increased enteral intake during the first month of life and with increased weight at 36 weeks' postconception. " 12/01/2004 - "A pilot study of low-dose hydrocortisone therapy for prophylaxis of early adrenal insufficiency showed improved survival without BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age, particularly in infants exposed to histologic chorioamnionitis. "
9.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2012 - "Decreased AF glucose was associated with histological chorioamnionitis and a decreased cerclage to delivery interval (p < 0.05). " 05/01/2009 - "An inverse correlation was found between amniotic fluid glucose and chorioamnionitis (r = -0.499, P < .01). " 04/01/2005 - "The middle and highest glucose groups were associated with increased risks for clinical chorioamnionitis (adjusted OR [AOR] 3.18, 95% CI 1.34, 7.54; AOR 6.80, CI 1.89, 24.53, respectively). " 09/15/2001 - "Chorioamnionitis in combination with high maternal glucose concentration increased the risk of very preterm delivery almost 12-fold. " 09/01/1999 - "The most efficient AFM for chorioamnionitis in this group of patients was glucose at < 20 mg/dl."
10.	MagnesiumIBA 02/01/2005 - "Multiple regression revealed a significant association between antepartum magnesium use and improved SNAP scores after controlling for gestational age, glucocorticoid use, chorioamnionitis, and birthweight (SNAP score reduction = -2.25 +/- 0.78, P = 0.005). " 05/01/2014 - "In models controlling for gestational age at delivery, maternal education, maternal race, tobacco/alcohol/drug use during pregnancy, randomization to magnesium, fetal sex, and chorioamnionitis, individual neonatal morbidities were moderately predictive of childhood neurodevelopmental impairment (best model area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.71). " 08/01/2002 - "There were no significant differences between groups with respect to neonatal outcomes, with the exception of an increased rate of clinical chorioamnionitis in the group exposed to magnesium for more than 24 h (22% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.005). " 10/01/2010 - "There were no significant differences between infants with histologic chorioamnionitis and infants without histologic chorioamnionitis in perinatal factors except for GA, pregnancy induced hypertension, and exposure to antenatal magnesium sulphate. " 02/01/2003 - "Women assigned magnesium had similar rates of cesarean delivery (30% versus 25%), chorioamnionitis (3% versus 2.7%), endometritis (5.3% versus 4.3%), and postpartum hemorrhage (1% versus 0.9%), compared to those assigned placebo. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Tocolysis 01/01/2014 - "Our review suggests there is insufficient evidence to support tocolytic therapy for women with PPROM, as there was an increase in maternal chorioamnionitis without significant benefits to the infant. " 01/01/2011 - "Our review suggests there is insufficient evidence to support tocolytic therapy for women with PPROM, as there was an increase in maternal chorioamnionitis without significant benefits to the infant. " 01/01/2014 - "For women with PPROM before 34 weeks, there was a significantly increased risk of chorioamnionitis in women who received tocolysis. " 08/01/2012 - "Group A (47 cases): tocolytic therapy was continued to prevent preterm delivery until clinical chorioamnionitis (CAM) was diagnosed between January 2000 and June 2004. " 01/01/2011 - "For patients with PPROM before 34 weeks, there was a significantly increased risk of chorioamnionitis in women who received tocolysis. "
2.	Cesarean Section (Caesarean Section) 05/01/2003 - "Cesarean section is not protective against adverse neurological outcome in survivors of preterm delivery due to overt chorioamnionitis." 01/01/2010 - "This study revealed a large disparity between health care professionals' and antepartum patients' viewpoints on the obstetric outcomes of women with birth plans, including the rate of cesarean sections and chorioamnionitis." 03/01/2014 - "In week 34, chorioamnionitis was suspected and the child was delivered by cesarean section. " 01/01/2013 - "The rate of histologic chorioamnionitis in women with spontaneous onset of labor was significantly higher than in those experiencing elective cesarean section (28.7% vs. 11.5%). " 05/01/2011 - "The primary outcomes selected were time to delivery, and the rates of caesarean section, uterine tachysystole, and chorioamnionitis. "
3.	Prenatal Care 07/01/2008 - "Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of early prenatal care in the control of anemia and to examine its affect on the incidence of chorioamnionitis." 06/01/1994 - " In conclusion, physical assault was associated with preterm labor and chorioamnionitis and screening for assault must be incorporated during routine prenatal care to identify women at risk of complications." 08/01/2010 - "Low education level was associated with a lack of prenatal care; induced abortion accounted for 34.6% of fetal deaths (gender selection was not the reason); 35.5% of infants were born at 22-28 weeks of gestation; 31.8% of stillbirths were small for gestational age; histologic evidence of chorioamnionitis was present in 40.2% of cases. " 04/01/2014 - "Pre hospitalization maternal factors (age, pregnancy, health insurance, education, prenatal care, marital status, history of preeclampsia, prolonged rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis infection) and neonatal ones (age at admission, gestational age, birth weight, gender, delivery practice, route of admission, Apgar and type of resuscitation) that were associated with prolonged hospital stay were analyzed. " 05/01/1991 - "High-risk maternal transfer patients and patients with hypertension, toxemia, bacteriuria, pyelonephritis, renal failure, diabetes, anemia, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, prolapsed cord, vaginal bleeding, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, prolonged rupture of membranes, maternal fever on admission, amnionitis, sexually transmitted diseases, or fewer than five prenatal care visits were excluded. "
4.	Antibiotic Prophylaxis 07/01/1999 - "To determine if universal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) culturing and antibiotic prophylaxis of obstetric patients decreased the incidence of neonatal early-onset GBS sepsis and mortality and maternal chorioamnionitis. " 01/01/2014 - "Our data indicate that antibiotic prophylaxis in the presence of symptoms such as chorioamnionitis and premature rupture of membranes did not help reduce the risk of E. " 06/01/2002 - "Successes with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis decreasing rates of GBS sepsis and maternal chorioamnionitis, have heartened care providers and parents. " 11/01/2003 - "Hospital and outpatient medical records were reviewed for the following variables: age, insurance status, BMI, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, smoking history, prior abdominal surgery, existing comorbidities, preoperative hematocrit, chorioamnionitis, duration of labor and membrane rupture, dilation at time of cesarean delivery, type of skin and uterine incision, estimated blood loss, operative time, antibiotic prophylaxis, use of subcutaneous drains or sutures, endometritis, and length of stay. "
5.	Neonatal Intensive Care 01/01/2014 - "Perinatal mortality was reported in one trial and there was insufficient evidence to determine whether it differed between the two groups (risk ratio (RR) 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19 to 20.05).  There was no evidence of differences between groups for serious neonatal morbidity, chorioamnionitis, gestational age at delivery, birthweight and admission to neonatal intensive care.There" 07/01/2015 - "However, among women with elevated CRP, the mean gestational age at birth was significantly reduced, and low Apgar score, neonatal intensive care unit admission, histologic chorioamnionitis, and delivery within 7 days of admission were significantly more common in patients with vaginal UU. " 10/01/2014 - "We aimed to establish the incidence of clinical chorioamnionitis in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and its relation to morbidity and mortality among very-low-birth-weight infants. " 03/01/2014 - "Improvements in neonatal intensive care may have attenuated the impact of chorioamnionitis on brain health outcomes. " 09/01/2013 - "Emergency cesarean was demanded in 20.2% of cases, chorioamnionitis was diagnosed in 7.5% while 76.1% of neonates were admitted in neonatal intensive care unit. "