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Choline (Choline Chloride)

A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

Also Known As:

Choline Chloride; 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium; Choline Bitartrate; Choline Citrate; Choline O-Sulfate; Bitartrate, Choline; Chloride, Choline; Choline O Sulfate; Citrate, Choline; O-Sulfate, Choline; Bursine; Fagine; Vidine; Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-

Networked: 3788 relevant articles (118 outcomes, 485 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 58

Experts

1.	Zeisel, Steven H: 39 articles (05/2015 - 04/2002)
2.	Bhujwalla, Zaver M: 25 articles (01/2016 - 09/2002)
3.	Picchio, Maria: 22 articles (09/2015 - 08/2005)
4.	Glunde, Kristine: 19 articles (06/2015 - 10/2003)
5.	Messa, Cristina: 16 articles (01/2014 - 08/2007)
6.	Rubello, Domenico: 14 articles (06/2015 - 01/2008)
7.	Gribbestad, Ingrid S: 14 articles (03/2015 - 02/2006)
8.	Fanti, Stefano: 13 articles (10/2015 - 01/2008)
9.	Nelson, Sarah J: 13 articles (05/2015 - 08/2002)
10.	Giovacchini, Giampiero: 13 articles (05/2015 - 06/2008)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2009 - "Tumor reduction rates were significantly greater for choline-negative tumors than for choline-positive tumors after NAC (p=0.0115). " 12/01/2014 - "Improved diagnostic sensitivity could be obtained in cancer detection and staging when individual compounds of the choline pool can be detected. " 01/01/2009 - "Before NAC, choline-positive results were found in all 22 tumors, 21 of which were type A and 1 of which was type B. " 11/01/2004 - "The recent use of alternative tracers, which are partly not eliminated by urinary secretion (acetate, choline) has increased the sensitivity and specificity of PET also in this tumor entity so that further clinical investigations are needed to validate these technical modifications in their significance for this imaging modality. " 12/01/2001 - "We investigated the feasibility of using carbon-11 choline (CHOL) positron emission tomography (PET) for the staging of oesophageal cancer, in comparison with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, using histopathological findings as the gold standard. "
2.	Prostatic Neoplasms (Prostate Cancer) 01/01/2010 - "PET- and PET/CT-studies using 11C- or 18F-labeled choline derivates recently have shown promising results for re-staging prostate cancer in patients with biochemical recurrence and advanced prostate cancer. " 02/15/2015 - "This study highlights the interest of (18) F-Choline in the staging of high risk prostate cancer in addition with DWI MRI, especially so in the evaluation of lymph node involvement due to its high sensitivity and excellent specificity." 01/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to observe and characterize the nonspecific ¹⁸F-choline lymph node uptake in patients with prostate cancer. " 04/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to prospectively compare diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and [(11)C]choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with computed tomography (CT) for preoperative lymph node (LN) staging in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. " 03/01/2014 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of TOF on IQ, lesion detection rate, lesion volume (V) and SUVmax in F choline PET/CT of prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence compared to standard PET/CT reconstruction (standard). "
3.	Fatty Liver 05/01/2004 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vascular bed expansion (VBE) during cold preservation in graft survival Moderate liver steatosis in male Wistar rats (240-280 g) was induced by choline-deficient diet. " 01/01/1969 - "Studies on phospholipid metabolism in choline deficient fatty liver." 12/01/2014 - "Higher dietary choline intake may be associated with lower risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver only in normal-weight Chinese women." 12/01/2014 - "We examined the association between choline intake and nonalcoholic fatty liver. " 12/01/2014 - "However, it is unclear whether dietary choline intake is related to fatty liver in the general population. "
4.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis) 04/01/1992 - "In order to define the pathophysiological mechanism for such changes, the present study was undertaken to determine the time course of impaired P450 2C11 expression in relation to the development of cirrhosis during intake of a choline-deficient diet. " 10/01/1985 - "The present study indicates the usefulness of sequential monitoring of serum choline esterase activity with any of these substrates for assessing hepatic disease, particularly cirrhosis, and for monitoring the course of hepatic disease." 05/05/2015 - "Ipragliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, exhibits a prophylactic effect on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis induced by choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined diet in rats." 11/01/2013 - "Transgenic expression of human neutrophil peptide-1 enhances hepatic fibrosis in mice fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined diet." 05/01/2011 - " These findings suggest that spleen plays an important regulatory role in the fibrosis, preneoplastic lesion and lipid metabolism of liver in a rat choline-deficient L-amino acid model."
5.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox) 04/25/2015 - "However, definitive proof of the efficacy of prenatal choline supplementation will not be available for decades (because of the 20-year lag until the onset of schizophrenia), so public health officials need to decide whether or not promoting choline supplementation is justified based on the limited information available. " 03/13/2014 - "We have shown that supplemented choline through gestation and lactation produces long-term improvement in deficient sensory inhibition in DBA/2 mice which models a similar deficit in schizophrenia patients. " 06/01/2008 - "These data show that gestational choline supplementation produces permanent improvement in a deficit associated with schizophrenia and may have implications for human prenatal nutrition." 07/30/2004 - "Increased choline is associated with longer duration of untreated psychosis and could indicate that psychosis-related membrane alterations precede the appearance of NAA reductions observed by studies of chronic schizophrenia." 04/25/2015 - "Prenatal choline and the development of schizophrenia."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Methionine (L-Methionine)
2.	N-acetylaspartate (N-acetyl aspartate)
3.	Creatine
4.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)
5.	Lecithins
6.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
7.	Inositol (Myoinositol)
8.	Phosphatidylcholines (Phosphatidylcholine)
9.	Betaine (C.B.B.)
10.	Cytidine Diphosphate Choline (Citicoline)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Prostatectomy (Retropubic Prostatectomy)
2.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
3.	Radiotherapy
4.	Injections
5.	Lymph Node Excision (Lymph Node Dissection)