Chloroquine (Aralen)

The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.

Also Known As:

Networked: 4887 relevant articles (558 outcomes, 494 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Sowunmi, A: 20 articles (01/2008 - 04/2000)
2.	White, Nicholas J: 19 articles (01/2015 - 03/2002)
3.	Plowe, Christopher V: 18 articles (09/2015 - 10/2002)
4.	Fidock, David A: 17 articles (09/2015 - 10/2002)
5.	Sauerwein, Robert W: 16 articles (01/2015 - 01/2005)
6.	Smith, Peter J: 14 articles (11/2015 - 05/2004)
7.	Rosenthal, Philip J: 14 articles (04/2015 - 02/2003)
8.	Baird, J Kevin: 14 articles (02/2015 - 03/2002)
9.	Okokon, Jude E: 14 articles (01/2012 - 09/2006)
10.	Davis, Timothy M E: 14 articles (01/2012 - 04/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Malaria 01/01/2011 - "Chloroquine is still the most common drug used in malaria treatment, despite its ban in first-line treatment since 2005. " 06/01/2010 - "Of these, chloroquine was the most successful, but by the 1970s widespread resistance had developed and the world was left without an effective treatment for malaria. " 01/01/2009 - "Contrary to what has been observed until 1995, mortality attributable to malaria did not continue to increase dramatically in spite of the growing resistance to chloroquine and its use as first-line treatment until 2003. " 12/01/2007 - "They also demonstrate that chloroquine-currently recommended for the home management of presumed malaria in children under the age of five years and commonly used by adults-remains highly effective in patients with uncomplicated P. " 01/01/2001 - "Despite the intensification of resistance during the last 2 decades, chloroquine remains in 2000 the first-line treatment for malaria in most of these countries. "
2.	Falciparum Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum Malaria) 02/01/2006 - "High failure rates to both chloroquine and SP preclude the use of these drugs as first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in this region. " 10/01/2005 - "Despite its high resistance level, chloroquine (CQ) is still extensively used as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. " 03/01/2000 - "The efficacy of chloroquine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Africa is heavily compromised by high levels of drug resistance. " 03/01/2000 - "Chloroquine can no longer be recommended as the first-line treatment for falciparum malaria in several parts of Africa, given the increasing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to this drug. " 01/01/2010 - "Therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine and sequence variation in pfcrt gene among patients with falciparum malaria in central India."
3.	Infection 08/01/2009 - "Our results show that chloroquine can be highly effective against HCoV-OC43 infection in newborn mice and may be considered as a future drug against HCoVs." 07/01/1998 - "Despite the spread of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum throughout sub-Saharan Africa, chloroquine (CQ) remains the first-line treatment for uncomplicated infection in most countries. " 01/01/2011 - "In vivo results suggest that the standard regimen of chloroquine was still very effective for the treatment of blood infections with P. " 10/01/1996 - "The first fifteen mice divided into three groups of five mice each were treated with different sub-curative doses of chloroquine which usually cleared the infection for a few days before recrudescence. " 12/01/2003 - "Macrogometocytes are cleared from the circulation faster than microgametocytes but chloroquine treatment of chloroquine-sensitive infections has little or no significant effect on gametocyte sex ratios in this group of children."
4.	Vivax Malaria 10/01/2014 - "Chloroquine is the first-line treatment for Plasmodium vivax malaria in most endemic countries, but resistance is increasing. " 12/01/2010 - "Chloroquine is the first-line treatment for Plasmodium vivax malaria in most parts of the world. " 03/01/1992 - "More ominously, a resident of the Highlands region of Papua New Guinea contracted vivax malaria which failed to be cleared by 2400 mg chloroquine base administered over 4 d. " 01/01/2015 - "Therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria among outpatients at Hossana Health Care Centre, southern Ethiopia." 10/01/2014 - "Chloroquine remains effective for treating Plasmodium vivax malaria in Pursat province, Western Cambodia."
5.	Parasitemia 01/01/2006 - "Age effect on the clearance of parasitemia was evident in both areas, more significantly though in Gedaref (P<0.000) than Haj Yousif (P=0.043) These results add to reports in the literature, pointing to the complexity of factors that may contribute to a clinical outcome following chloroquine treatment, particularly, in this case are elements of the host immunity that are yet to be identified." 11/01/2003 - "At day 5 (D5), 57% of chloroquine-treated and 52% of N'Dribala-treated patients were cured with no detectable parasitemia (parasite density (Pd): 0) and more than 90% of whole patients were asymptomatic. " 05/01/1997 - "Currently, there is no established treatment for Plasmodium vivax parasitemias that are not cured by chloroquine. " 08/01/2009 - "Three subjects had recurrent parasitemia on Days 14 and 28, but with chloroquine < 100 ng/mL. Eleven subjects cleared parasitemia by Day 3 and had no recurrences up to Day 28. " 09/01/2006 - "All patients cleared parasitemia within 7 days after chloroquine treatment. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar)
2.	Amodiaquine (Camoquin)
3.	Mefloquine (Lariam)
4.	Pyrimethamine (Daraprim)
5.	Primaquine
6.	Quinine (Quinson)
7.	artemisinine (artemisinin)
8.	artesunate
9.	Antimalarials (Antimalarial Agents)
10.	Proguanil (Paludrine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Chemoprevention
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
4.	Injections
5.	Radiotherapy