Chlorine

01/01/2020 - "The substitution of -C6H4CH3 and -CO2CF3 groups in complex 2 with two chlorine atoms in complex 1 acquired the significant improvement of the anticancer activity against the cancer cell."
06/01/2022 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential cancer risks for people in this area where chlorine water disinfection at the household level is commonly practiced. "
12/01/1994 - "These seven studies, in which rats were fed PCB mixtures containing 42, 54, or 60% chlorine, were considered to be the best studies from which to evaluate the cancer potential of PCB mixtures. "
07/04/1992 - " Further other people contended that the government of Peru did not chlorinate many water supplies because studies by the US Environmental Protection Agency suggested that chlorine increases the cancer risk. "
01/01/2021 - "The structures of the novel compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, 4g, 4i, 4l, 4m, and 4o-4q were established according to IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR/13C-NMR-DEPT, and MS. The benzochromene derivative 4c with a single chlorine at the meta position of the phenyl ring and, to a lesser extent, other benzochromenes with monohalogenated phenyl ring (4a, 4c-4f) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against six human cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, A549, HeLa, MIA PaCa-2, 5,637, and Hep G2. "

09/01/2023 - "This study aimed to investigate the effect of chlorine, ultraviolet (UV)-C, and microwave (MW) treatments on the in vitro viability of cysts of Blastocystis sp. Purified Blastocystis sp. cysts were molecularly subtyped. "
09/01/2003 - "Current guidance covers inactivation levels in the pH range between 6 and 9. Subsequent to the publication of these criteria, studies on the inactivation kinetics of Giardia cysts by chlorine have been performed at pH levels greater than 9. It has been shown that the chlorine inactivation process for Giardia cysts is pH dependent. "
10/01/1985 - "In this study, in vitro excystation and mouse infectivity were compared as methods for quantitatively determining the viability of Giardia muris cysts before and after exposure to free residual chlorine. "
09/01/2023 - "The cysts of Blastocystis sp. were resistant to chlorine at all doses and exposure durations tested. "
09/01/2023 - "Viable cysts were subjected to different free chlorine concentrations (1, 2, and 4 ppm), different doses of UV-C (5.13, 10.26, 20.52, and 40.47 mJ/cm2), and MW irradiation times (10, 15, 30, and 45 s). "

01/15/2017 - "This non-rodent chlorine exposure model should prove useful for studying persistent effects of acute chlorine exposure and for assessing efficacy of countermeasures for chlorine-induced lung injury."
10/01/2002 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prone and supine positions on pulmonary and cardiovascular functions following experimental chlorine gas lung injury. "
01/01/2023 - "Lung injury and oxidative stress induced by inhaled chlorine in mice is associated with proinflammatory activation of macrophages and altered bioenergetics."
05/01/2021 - "In this paper we describe the exposure strategies used and discuss the challenges encountered in establishing a model of chlorine-induced lung injury. "
05/01/2021 - "Development of chlorine-induced lung injury in the anesthetized, spontaneously breathing pig."

05/01/2016 - "Testing of selected formulations in chlorine-exposed mice demonstrated efficacy against key aspects of acute lung injury. "
05/01/1997 - "This study was designed to investigate the pathogenesis of chlorine gas (Cl2) induced acute lung injury and oedema. "
01/01/2023 - "Inhalation of high levels of chlorine can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). "
01/15/2017 - "Acute lung injury and persistent small airway disease in a rabbit model of chlorine inhalation."
05/01/2016 - "Chlorine is a commonly used, reactive compound to which humans can be exposed via accidental or intentional release resulting in acute lung injury. "

05/01/1986 - "Chlorinated paraffins (C23, 43% chlorine) administration did not influence mean body weights of rats during the 2-year studies, but both male and female low dose mice gained less weight than did vehicle controls or the high dose groups. "
05/01/1986 - "Male rats received doses of 0, 1,875, or 3,750 mg/kg body weight; female rats were given 0, 100, 300, or 900 mg/kg. Male and female mice received 0, 2,500, or 5,000 mg/kg. Doses selected for the 2-year studies were based on the results from 13-week studies in which rats of each sex received 0 to 3,750 mg/kg, and mice of each sex, 0 to 7,500 mg/kg. No toxicity of chlorinated paraffins (C23, 43% chlorine) was observed in male rats or in male or female mice in the 13-week studies. "
05/01/1986 - "No chemically related toxicity was observed in single-administration studies in which male and female rats received doses of chlorinated paraffins (C12, 60% chlorine) up to 13,600 mg/kg body weight and male and female up to 27,200 mg/kg. In 16-day studies, deaths did occur in groups of male and female rats given 7,500 mg/kg and in groups of male and female mice given doses of 1,875 mg/kg or higher. "
09/01/2010 - "Quail given 200-400 mg/L chlorine exhibited decreased feed intake, body weight and egg production. "
02/01/1980 - "Optimal growth rate was observed with available chlorine concentrations of 20 mg/L in liquids given free choice and at 8 mg/kg of body weight when given by gavage. "