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Chlordiazepoxide (Elenium)

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An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.

Also Known As:

Elenium; Librium; 7-Chloro-N-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine 4-oxide; Chlordiazepoxide Hydrobromide; Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride; Chlordiazepoxide Monohydrochloride; Chlordiazepoxide Perchlorate; Chlozepid; 7 Chloro N methyl 5 phenyl 3H 1,4 benzodiazepin 2 amine 4 oxide; Hydrobromide, Chlordiazepoxide; Hydrochloride, Chlordiazepoxide; Monohydrochloride, Chlordiazepoxide; Perchlorate, Chlordiazepoxide; Methaminodiazepoxide; 3H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-amine, 7-chloro-N-methyl-5-phenyl-, 4-oxide

Networked: 405 relevant articles (22 outcomes, 35 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Heterocyclic Compounds: 60
- 2-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds
  - Benzazepines: 5
    - Benzodiazepines: 5199
      - Chlordiazepoxide: 405
        clidinium drug combination chlordiazepoxide: 7
        Pentrium: 3
        N(4)-desoxychlordiazepoxide: 2
        N-nitrosochlordiazepoxide: 2
        chlordiazepoxide drug combination amitriptyline: 1
        Dolibrax: 1
        N-demethylchlordiazepoxide
        N-desmethyl-N(4)-desoxychlordiazepoxide

Experts

1.	Czeizel, A E: 3 articles (02/2008 - 07/2004)
2.	Galler, Janina R: 3 articles (12/2003 - 06/2002)
3.	Fidecka, Sylwia: 2 articles (01/2011 - 03/2002)
4.	Acs, N: 2 articles (02/2008 - 02/2008)
5.	Bánhidy, F: 2 articles (02/2008 - 02/2008)
6.	Witkin, Jeffrey M: 2 articles (08/2007 - 10/2002)
7.	Zaczek, Robert: 2 articles (01/2005 - 04/2004)
8.	Wong, Harvey: 2 articles (01/2005 - 04/2004)
9.	Li, Yu-Wen: 2 articles (01/2005 - 04/2004)
10.	Lelas, Snjezana: 2 articles (01/2005 - 04/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Seizures (Seizure) 07/01/1996 - "Subjects with a seizure history were prophylactically treated with tapering doses of chlordiazepoxide. " 05/01/1995 - "possesses little or no CNS excitatory effects in mice in terms of reduction of sleeping time induced by chlordiazepoxide, increase in mortality and convulsions induced by pentetrazol and increase in locomotor activity. " 01/01/1993 - "Inhibition of DFMO-induced audiogenic seizures by chlordiazepoxide." 05/01/1990 - "Oral chlordiazepoxide use during detoxification was associated with the elimination of withdrawal seizures. " 05/01/1962 - "[On the anti-convulsion action of chlordiazepoxide]."
2.	Panic Disorder (Panic Attack) 11/01/2002 - "The current studies aimed to investigate further the predictive validity of the paradigm, by examining the effects on UEEPM behaviour of both clinically effective (chronic fluoxetine) and ineffective (acute fluoxetine and chlordiazepoxide) treatments for panic disorder. " 02/01/2000 - "diazepam, chlordiazepoxide), in that it is used to treat panic disorder and is effective in depression, two disorders that are usually treated with anti-depressants. " 12/01/1995 - "This was in contrast to chronic treatment which decreased both avoidance variables at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, defensive threat/attack responses at all doses, and predator assessment responses at 0.5 mg/kg. In addition, the latter treatment reduced post-predator potentiation of escape attempts at 2 mg/kg. These results (1) confirm previous findings with the BZPR full agonist chlordiazepoxide, indicating that these compounds generally attenuate antipredator defensive responses in Swiss-Webster mice; (2) support recent data indicating that panic-altering drugs modulate flight/escape reactions, and suggest that the primary mechanism of action of drugs with efficacy against panic disorder may involve neural systems controlling flight; (3) confirm that the MDTB may be useful for the investigation of panicolytic as well as anxiolytic agents."
3.	Shock 10/14/1975 - "Chlordiazepoxide was found to be far more effective in releasing behaviour from suppression when shock was response-contingent than when shock was noncontingent, a result which does not appear to reflect simply the greater suppression produced by response-contingent shock. " 01/01/1975 - "SDL groups were trained each day in one drug state (either Librium, 40 mg/kg or sterile water) and then given non-shock test trials in both drug states. " 08/01/2007 - "The effects of chlordiazepoxide were dependent both on the control rate of responding and, independently, on the frequency of shock deliveries. " 08/01/2007 - "The frequency of shock delivery produced both quantitative and qualitative changes in the effects of chlordiazepoxide ranging from no effect to 7000% increases in responding. " 10/01/2002 - "Chlordiazepoxide generally produced little or no effect under the FR 30 schedule but increased response rates under the FR 10 schedule when responding produced either food plus shock (to 600% of control) or shock alone (300% of control) but not food alone. "
4.	Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Syndrome, Irritable Bowel) 01/01/1985 - "These studies suggest: (1) in healthy controls habituation reduces the stress-related increase in colonic motility, and (2) in patients with the irritable colon syndrome, chlordiazepoxide decreases the stress-related increase in colonic motility." 12/01/1989 - "Among 169 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), standard therapy (with clidinium bromide, chlordiazepoxide and isaphaghulla), a compound Ayurvedic preparation (with Aegle marmelos correa plus Bacopa monniere Linn) along with a matching placebo were given in a double blind randomised trial for 6 wk. The Ayurvedic preparation in 57 patients was found effective in 64.9 per cent, while standard therapy (60 patients) was useful in 78.3 per cent. " 06/01/2009 - "Clidinium bromide (N-methyl-quinuclidinyl-benzylate) is a rarely used antimuscarinic drug that is marketed in combination with chlordiazepoxide as an antispasmodic for use in irritable bowel syndrome. "
5.	Epilepsy (Aura) 03/01/1962 - "[A study of the changes of brain wave pattern with chlordiazepoxide on epilepsy]." 01/01/1970 - "[The mechanism of action and therapeutic effectiveness of elenium and duxen in diencephalic epilepsy]." 09/01/1968 - "[Evaluation of the effect of Elenium as an auxiliary treatment of epilepsy]." 05/01/1965 - "CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY." 04/20/1964 - "EFFECT OF CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE ON EPILEPTIC SEIZURES."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Diazepam (Valium)
2.	Benzodiazepines
3.	Pentylenetetrazole (Metrazol)
4.	Chlordiazepoxide (Elenium)
5.	Lorazepam (Ativan)
6.	Cytidine Diphosphate (CDP)
7.	Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
8.	Clonazepam (Rivotril)
9.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
10.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Intraperitoneal Injections
4.	X-Ray Film
5.	Vagotomy