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Pervasive Child Development Disorders

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Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.

Also Known As:

Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Autism Spectrum Disorders; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Development Disorder, Pervasive; Development Disorders, Pervasive; Disorder, Autism Spectrum; Disorder, Pervasive Development; Disorders, Autism Spectrum; Disorders, Pervasive Development; Pervasive Development Disorder; Spectrum Disorder, Autism; Spectrum Disorders, Autism; Pervasive Development Disorders

Networked: 1567 relevant articles (49 outcomes, 282 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Mental Disorders: 2989
- Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood
  - Pervasive Child Development Disorders: 1567
    - Autistic Disorder: 4031
    - Asperger Syndrome: 141

Related Diseases

1.	Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (Insomnia)
2.	Autistic Disorder (Autism)
3.	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
4.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
5.	Mental Retardation (Idiocy)

Experts

1.	Gillberg, Christopher: 23 articles (09/2015 - 01/2004)
2.	Buitelaar, Jan K: 20 articles (10/2015 - 12/2002)
3.	Ashwood, Paul: 18 articles (09/2015 - 06/2007)
4.	Hollander, Eric: 18 articles (01/2014 - 01/2003)
5.	Gadow, Kenneth D: 17 articles (01/2015 - 12/2008)
6.	Geier, Mark R: 17 articles (01/2013 - 12/2006)
7.	Geier, David A: 17 articles (01/2013 - 12/2006)
8.	Van de Water, Judy: 15 articles (09/2015 - 06/2007)
9.	Deutsch, Stephen I: 13 articles (10/2015 - 10/2010)
10.	Anagnostou, Evdokia: 13 articles (07/2015 - 04/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pervasive Child Development Disorders:

1.	Oxytocin (Pitocin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2003 - "Patients with autism spectrum disorders showed a significant reduction in repetitive behaviors following oxytocin infusion in comparison to placebo infusion. " 02/25/2015 - "Oxytocin, which has been shown to improve social cognition in persons with autism spectrum disorders, is analysed separately. " 12/01/2015 - "The study investigated the effects of nasally administered oxytocin on neurophysiological orienting to empathy-evoking pictures in normally intelligent male adults with and without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). " 11/01/2015 - "The recent involvement of oxytocin in social behavior of animals and humans has motivated the study of its effects on the social behavior of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). " 11/01/2015 - "These findings not only provide the evidence for clinically beneficial effects of continual oxytocin administration on the core social symptoms of autism spectrum disorder with suggesting its underlying biological mechanisms, but also highlight the necessity to seek optimal regimens of continual oxytocin treatment in future studies.media-1vid110.1093/brain/awv249_video_abstractawv249_video_abstract. "
2.	MelatoninIBA 01/01/2013 - "In conclusion, we emphasize that randomized clinical trials in autism spectrum disorders are warranted to establish potential therapeutic efficacy of melatonin for social communication impairments and stereotyped behaviors or interests. " 01/01/2014 - "Recent studies have implicated abnormalities in melatonin physiology and the circadian rhythm in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). " 02/01/2011 - "Twenty-two children with autism spectrum disorders who had not responded to supported behaviour management strategies for severe dysomnias entered a double blind, randomised, controlled crossover trial involving 3 months of placebo versus 3 months of melatonin to a maximum dose of 10 mg. 17 children completed the study. " 01/01/2015 - "More specifically, promising avenues are discussed for potential therapeutic benefits in autism spectrum disorder of melatonin combined with developmental behavioral interventions that emphasize synchrony, such as the Early Start Denver Model. " 10/01/2014 - "Melatonin in children with autism spectrum disorders: endogenous and pharmacokinetic profiles in relation to sleep."
3.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2015 - "Study 1: Between April 2004 and September 2007, participants were enrolled from outpatient settings in a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of risperidone monotherapy to the combination of risperidone and behavior therapy in targeting disruptive behavior in 4- to 13-year-old children with DSM-IV-TR-based autism spectrum disorder. " 01/01/2014 - "This study identified subtypes of aggression in a sample of 206 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who participated in 2 risperidone trials. " 04/01/2011 - "In this study, the authors aimed to (1) describe a clinic-referred sample of patients with an autism spectrum disorder on risperidone, (2) identify differences between the success and nonsuccess groups, and (3) describe our experience with young children (< age 5 years) on risperidone. " 01/01/2007 - "All randomised controlled trials of risperidone versus placebo for patients with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. " 05/01/2006 - "To review the clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). "
4.	Secretin FDA Link 01/01/2005 - "Is secretin effective in treatment for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)?" 01/01/2005 - "Improved social and language skills after secretin administration in patients with autism spectrum disorders. " 01/01/2005 - "Randomised controlled trials of intravenous secretin comparing secretin with a placebo treatment in children or adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders, where at least one standardised outcome measure was reported. " 01/01/2012 - "Intravenous secretin for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)." 11/01/2011 - "Review: secretin is not effective for the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorders."
5.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 03/01/2015 - "Examine the efficacy of a personalized, modular cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) protocol among early adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and co-occurring anxiety relative to treatment as usual (TAU). " 12/01/2015 - "Because of the frequent overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ID, the current study explored the effects of co-occurring ASD on the comorbid symptoms exhibited by adults with ID. " 07/01/2013 - "This study examined the differential contribution of pre- and perinatal risks in narrowly versus broadly defined autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and across core symptom domains, IQ and co-morbid problems. " 11/01/2012 - "The results from recent studies suggest that alexithymia, a disorder characterized by impairments in understanding personal experiences of emotion, is frequently co-morbid with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). " 02/01/2012 - "This study aimed to investigate descriptive characteristics and co-occurring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions in young children, children, and adolescents with a current and consistent or past but not current (PBNC) diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and how such characteristics and conditions may engender a change in diagnosis of an ASD. "
6.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)IBA 05/01/2012 - "The goal of this study was to examine the efficacy of serotonin receptor inhibitors (SRIs) for the treatment of repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). " 12/30/2011 - "Evidence from biochemical, imaging, and treatment studies suggest abnormalities of the serotonin system in autism spectrum disorders, in particular in frontolimbic areas of the brain. " 12/01/2009 - "Analysis of serotonin receptor 2A gene (HTR2A): association study with autism spectrum disorder in the Indian population and investigation of the gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes." 09/01/2004 - "This study provides further evidence for altered 5-HT sensitivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorders, as well as a possible relationship between repetitive behaviours in autism spectrum disorders and abnormalities in the 5-HT system." 08/01/2015 - "Serotonin abnormalities in Engrailed-2 knockout mice: New insight relevant for a model of Autism Spectrum Disorder."
7.	Succimer (Dimercaptosuccinic Acid)FDA Link 01/01/2009 - "Safety and efficacy of oral DMSA therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders: Part A--medical results." 01/01/2009 - "Safety and efficacy of oral DMSA therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders: part B - behavioral results." 01/01/2009 - "This study investigated the effect of oral dimercapto succinic acid (DMSA) therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders ages 3-8 years. " 01/01/2009 - "This study investigated the effects of oral dimercapto succinic acid (DMSA) therapy on the behavioural symptoms of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) ages 3-8 years. "
8.	NeuropeptidesIBA 08/01/2007 - "The method was used to screen 69 urine samples from children with and without autism spectrum disorders for the occurrence of neuropeptides. " 01/21/2015 - "Because CDFE has high penetrance for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we performed an in vivo screen for drugs that ameliorate abnormal social behavior in Cntnap2 mutant mice and found that acute administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin improved social deficits. " 05/01/2015 - "The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of behavioural deficits among patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). " 04/01/2013 - "There has been intensified interest in the neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) given their role in affiliative and social behavior in animals, positive results of treatment studies using OT, and findings that genetic polymorphisms in the AVP-OT pathway are present in individuals with ASD. " 10/01/2013 - "Thus, for a variety of growth factors, hormones, neuropeptides and therapeutics including insulin, oxytocin, orexin, and even stem cells, intranasal delivery is emerging as an efficient method of administration, and represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases with CNS involvement, such as obesity, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorders, seizures, drug addiction, eating disorders, and stroke."
9.	Bumetanide (Bumex)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2015 - "The diuretic agent bumetanide has recently been put forward as a novel, promising treatment of behavioral symptoms in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related conditions. " 01/01/2014 - "Although our results were limited to a single case report, we believe that our clinical observations warrant clinical trials to test the long-term efficacy of bumetanide to manage the sensory behaviours of people with autism spectrum disorders. " 01/01/2014 - "One promising strategy for the treatment of these behaviours is the use of bumetanide, which was previously shown to reduce the severity of autism spectrum disorders. "
10.	VitaminsIBA 10/01/2000 - "This review evaluates evidence for metabolic etiologies in autism spectrum disorders, as well as for the efficacy of dietary and vitamin treatments. " 01/01/2005 - "Patients with autism spectrum disorders are also taking alternative treatments, including herbal remedies, immunologic treatments, and vitamin therapies, which may themselves produce side effects and/or create drug interactions with traditional medications. " 01/01/2005 - "Combined vitamin B6-magnesium treatment in autism spectrum disorder." 01/01/2002 - "Combined vitamin B6-magnesium treatment in autism spectrum disorder." 08/01/2014 - "Feeding problems represent a frequent concern reported by caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders, and growing evidence suggests atypical patterns of intake may place this population at risk of nutritional and/or related medical issues, including chronic vitamin and mineral deficiencies, poor bone growth, and obesity. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Music Therapy 01/01/2015 - "As all children showed improvement in joint attention and actions of social engagement, this study bears evidence on the potential of music therapy as a promising intervention for promoting social skills of young children with autism spectrum disorder. " 01/01/2014 - "However, additional studies are needed to establish efficacy of music therapy interventions for attention skills in children/adolescents with neurodevelopmental disabilities including those with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). " 11/01/2014 - "Family-centred music therapy to promote social engagement in young children with severe autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled study." 01/01/2012 - "Responding to the need for more rigorously designed trials examining the effectiveness of music therapy in autism spectrum disorders, this pragmatic trial sets out to generate findings that will be well generalisable to clinical practice. " 01/01/2012 - "The aim of this study is to determine effects of improvisational music therapy on social communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorders. "
2.	Complementary Therapies (Alternative Medicine) 07/01/2010 - "This review focuses on helping clinicians identify resources and develop strategies they may use to effectively negotiate safe and effective use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments with families of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), as well as other neurodevelopmental disorders. " 10/01/2015 - "This study examined the prevalence and correlates of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among a sample of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) < 7 years in 18 European countries (N = 1,680). " 11/01/2011 - "The study objectives were to develop and objectively assess the therapeutic effect of a novel movement-based complementary and alternative medicine approach for children with an autism-spectrum disorder (ASD). " 04/01/2007 - "This study examined the prevalence of the use of different types of conventional, complementary and alternative therapies by children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). " 10/01/2015 - "• Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in children with autism spectrum disorder is common. "
3.	Therapeutics 11/01/2015 - "Despite remarkable genetic heterogeneity, evidence is emerging for converging pathophysiology in autism spectrum disorder, but how this notion of convergent pathways will translate into therapeutics remains to be established. " 01/01/2014 - "Current therapeutics in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) only treat the associated symptoms, without addressing core social dysfunctions. " 08/15/2013 - "Novel treatments in autism spectrum disorders: from synaptic dysfunction to experimental therapeutics." 04/01/2013 - "A major challenge for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), is to advance the findings from gene discovery to an exposition of neurobiological mechanisms that underlie these disorders and subsequently translate this knowledge into mechanism-based therapeutics. " 01/01/2011 - "By revealing disease-associated cellular phenotypes in human neurons, these iPSC models will aid in the discovery of novel therapeutics for FXS and other autism-spectrum disorders sharing common pathophysiology."
4.	Individualized Medicine 02/01/2015 - "Recognized as the most common inherited from of intellectual disability (ID) and the most common known monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is identified as an unmet medical need for the development of personalized medicine and targeted therapeutics for neurodevelopment disorders as a result of improved understanding of the genetic and cellular mechanisms. "
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 01/01/2014 - "Efficacy of fetal stem cell transplantation in autism spectrum disorders: an open-labeled pilot study."