Developmental Disabilities (Developmental Disability)

Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 336 relevant articles (10 outcomes, 62 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
2.	Sialorrhea
3.	Stroke (Strokes)
4.	Bipolar Disorder (Mania)
5.	Mental Retardation (Idiocy)

Experts

1.	Van de Water, Judy: 5 articles (03/2011 - 06/2007)
2.	Ashwood, Paul: 5 articles (03/2011 - 06/2007)
3.	Hertz-Picciotto, Irva: 4 articles (01/2014 - 01/2008)
4.	Van Naarden Braun, Kim: 4 articles (01/2014 - 03/2011)
5.	Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn: 4 articles (01/2014 - 03/2011)
6.	Krakowiak, Paula: 4 articles (01/2014 - 01/2008)
7.	Waldman, H Barry: 4 articles (04/2012 - 06/2002)
8.	Perlman, Steven P: 4 articles (04/2012 - 06/2002)
9.	Aman, Michael G: 3 articles (06/2014 - 09/2004)
10.	Maenner, Matthew J: 3 articles (01/2014 - 03/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Developmental Disabilities:

1.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2001 - "The efficacy of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone was evaluated in the treatment of aberrant behavior (e.g., aggression, self-injury) in 20 individuals with developmental disabilities. " 08/01/2002 - "This study evaluated the wide range of effects of risperidone on destructive behavior of 2 persons with developmental disabilities using weekly functional analysis sessions, daily observations, hourly home data, weekly rating scales, and monthly psychiatric impressions. " 07/01/2004 - "Effects of risperidone on destructive behavior of persons with developmental disabilities: III. Functional analysis." 05/01/2003 - "Reader response to, "Effects of risperidone on aberrant behavior in persons with developmental disabilities: I. A double-blind crossover study using multiple measures"." 08/01/2002 - "Risperidone, an atypical neuroleptic, has become a popular option for treating destructive behaviors of persons with developmental disabilities. "
2.	MelatoninIBA 08/01/2001 - "This study explored the safety and efficacy of synthetic melatonin in the treatment of sleep problems in 20 children with developmental disabilities, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-week trial of melatonin versus placebo. " 06/01/2015 - "This article reviews recent studies of melatonin efficacy in developmental disabilities. " 08/01/2001 - "This study suggests that synthetic melatonin reduces sleep latency in children with developmental disabilities." 06/01/2015 - "Melatonin is commonly recommended to treat sleep problems in children with developmental disabilities. " 06/01/2015 - "Melatonin Treatment in Children with Developmental Disabilities."
3.	Methylphenidate (Ritalin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1999 - "Efficacy of methylphenidate among preschool children with developmental disabilities and ADHD." 01/01/2012 - "The aims of the present study were: (1) To compare the rates of psychiatric disorders and repetitive behaviors in children with WS to children with idiopathic developmental disability (DDs); (2) To longitudinally assess the change in psychiatric disorders during adolescence in WS; (3) To assess retrospectively the effectiveness and safety of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in WS children with ADHD. " 07/01/1999 - "This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study of the safety and efficacy of methylphenidate (MPH) in 11 preschool children (aged 4.0-5.11 years) with developmental disabilities and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). "
4.	Caffeine (No Doz)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2010 - "One large trial of caffeine therapy (CAP 2006) in a heterogeneous group of infants at risk for and having apnoea of prematurity demonstrated an improved rate of survival without developmental disability at 18 to 21 months corrected age. " 12/10/2008 - "A recent clinical study showed that newborns treated with caffeine present no neuro-developmental disabilities at 2 years of age in comparison to placebo-treated children [Schmidt, B., Roberts, R.S., Davis, P., Doyle, L.W., Barrington, K.J., Ohlsson, A., Solimano, A., Tin, W., 2007. "
5.	Valproic Acid (Valproate, Semisodium)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1987 - "There are inadequate data to assess the magnitude, if any, of the risks for postnatal growth abnormalities and developmental disabilities associated with the use of valproic acid during pregnancy. " 01/01/2014 - "A 2-year-old Caucasian boy with severe developmental disability and pharmacoresistant epilepsy presented with fever, generalized erythrodermia, and encephalopathy, which resolved after discontinuation of valproate. " 06/01/2006 - "Much improved outcome with gabapentin-divalproex combination in adults with bipolar disorders and developmental disabilities."
6.	Clozapine (Clozaril)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2006 - "Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic medication currently in use, but there has been a paucity of well-controlled research on its efficacy with people with developmental disabilities. " 05/01/2006 - "We provide recommendations regarding the use of clozapine that are based on three main sources: literature and published professional practice guidelines regarding the use of clozapine in individuals who do not have developmental disabilities, the limited literature on the use of clozapine in individuals who have developmental disabilities, and our own clinical experience. " 05/01/2006 - "Guidelines for the use of clozapine in individuals with developmental disabilities." 11/01/2003 - "Nothing new under the sun: clozapine rechallenge following a life-threatening medical event in a patient with psychiatric illness and developmental disability." 05/01/2006 - "We present a set of guidelines to ensure proper utilization of clozapine in individuals with developmental disabilities, because it can offer them therapeutic advantages similar to those observed in people with schizophrenia. "
7.	Psychotropic Drugs (Psychoactive Drugs)IBA 09/01/1993 - "Efficacy of psychotropic drugs for reducing self-injurious behavior in the developmental disabilities."
8.	Glycopyrrolate (Glycopyrronium Bromide)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2000 - "Glycopyrrolate is effective in the control of excessive sialorrhea in children with developmental disabilities. "
9.	gabapentin (Neurontin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2006 - "Much improved outcome with gabapentin-divalproex combination in adults with bipolar disorders and developmental disabilities."
10.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 12/01/2004 - "The objective of this study was to develop an assessment battery to describe the effects of traditional neuroleptics on the behavior and movements of a small sample of children and adolescents with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities. " 10/01/2001 - "To study the usage, efficacy, and side effects patterns of atypical neuroleptics (atypicals) in adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities (DDs) (mental retardation). " 06/01/1989 - "Based upon this study and a larger study of 4,649 individuals with developmental disability, we recommend that clinicians carefully evaluate for tardive dyskinesia any individuals with developmental disability who have been prescribed antipsychotics for greater than 3 months and who score 6 or above on the DISCUS." 12/01/2004 - "The effects of traditional neuroleptics on a comparable population of children and adolescents with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities are unknown. " 08/01/1996 - "On the other hand, children and adolescents with mental retardation and developmental disabilities frequently present with unusual symptoms associated with psychotic disorders, leading to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment with antipsychotic agents. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Occupational Therapy (Therapy, Occupational) 01/01/2011 - "The reported study evaluates short-term effects of the IROMEC robot toy supporting play in an occupational therapy intervention for children with developmental disabilities. " 12/01/2008 - "This study indicates the importance of illustrating experiences of ethical dilemmas within occupational therapy praxis and the meaning of discussing ethical dilemmas with different healthcare providers to reach a divided view of the client in order to develop successful and healthy strategies that will optimize the rehabilitation of clients with developmental disabilities." 03/01/1992 - "This study demonstrates the long-term effectiveness of occupational therapy when specific treatment goals are matched with individualized training sequences for persons with developmental disabilities." 11/01/2010 - "Seventy-five children who were referred to occupational therapy evaluation as consequence of moderate developmental disabilities and 215 children without any disability (mean age ± standard deviation for total sample, 5 y, 3 mo ± .65 y; range, 3 y, 11 mo to 6 y, 10 mo). " 02/01/2008 - "For occupational therapy to be meaningful for all families who have a child with a developmental disability, the profession needs to consider and integrate into practice alternative and more inclusive epistemologies. "
2.	General Anesthesia 12/01/2014 - "This study aimed to assess the perception of the family's primary caregiver on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and the impact on family dynamics, of dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) in adolescent and adult patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and neurocognitive disorders. " 01/01/1998 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the impact and limitations that an incomplete medical assessment may present in the delivery of dental care under general anesthesia to these adults with developmental disability. " 01/01/2012 - "The medical and dental records were examined for 46 patients with systemic diseases (SD) and 75 patients with developmental disabilities (DD) aged 2-20 years, who had received dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA). " 01/01/2012 - "Dental treatment of patients with systemic diseases compared to patients with developmental disabilities under general anesthesia." 01/01/1998 - "Adults with developmental disabilities can be safely managed under general anesthesia for dental treatment in a hospital setting with minimal morbidity and without extensive preoperative investigations."
3.	Anesthesia 01/01/2012 - "Developmental disability in the young and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly after anesthesia and surgery: do data justify changing clinical practice?" 07/01/2005 - "This study tested whether the use of a reinforced laryngeal mask airway (LMA) compared to endotracheal intubation (El) anesthesia diminished adverse events and improved the post-operative quality of life for 146 dental patients who required general anesthesia due to developmental disabilities. " 11/01/2005 - "One hundred ten ASA physical status I and II ambulatory patients with moderate developmental disabilities who received anesthesia for dental care. " 11/01/2005 - "Emergence agitation may be reduced by using 1 to 1.5 microg/kg of fentanyl during induction while maintaining anesthesia by sevoflurane in patients with moderate developmental disabilities undergoing dental care, without causing an increase in postoperative adverse effects and affecting the patient's life quality after discharge."
4.	Long-Term Care 01/01/2006 - "This paper describes a qualitative study of factors affecting decisions about use of Medicaid-funded long-term care (LTC) services in Arkansas for the elderly (aged 65+), non-elderly adults with physical disabilities (aged 21-64), and adults with developmental disabilities (aged 18+). " 05/01/2011 - "Long-term care of the aging population with intellectual and developmental disabilities." 12/01/2005 - "A substantially greater share of long-term-care dollars supports community-based care for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, relative to older and working-age persons with primarily physical disabilities. " 10/01/2005 - "Factors, such as limited existing long-term care resources, increased life expectancy for people with developmental disabilities, changing family demographics, legal actions, and competition for resources with the elderly population are driving the crisis. " 10/01/2005 - "There is an impending crisis in long-term care for people with developmental disabilities. "
5.	Dental Care 08/01/2014 - "This study was conducted to compare the attitudes of senior dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine (TUSDM) in Boston, Massachusetts, about providing dental care to individuals with developmental disabilities (DD). " 03/01/2009 - "This study was undertaken to determine the proportion of persons primarily with developmental disabilities who encounter difficulties accessing dental care in Ontario, to identify perceived barriers to accessing dental care and to determine if persons with disabilities and their caregivers believe that oral health is important. " 10/01/2014 - "A call for attention to developmental disabilities in dental care." 08/01/2012 - "In this retrospective study, the authors used clinical and demographic data (from April 1, 2009, through March 31, 2010) from electronic dental records of 4,732 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) who were receiving dental care through a state-supported system of dental clinics. " 04/01/2012 - "A nurse can play a critical role in the examination, preventive services and referrals for dental care for older individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. "