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Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

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An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. The cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase in depth and rate and is then followed by a period of apnea. The period of apnea can last 5 to 30 seconds, then the cycle repeats every 45 seconds to 3 minutes.

Also Known As:

Cheyne Stokes Respiration; Respiration, Cheyne-Stokes

Networked: 117 relevant articles (11 outcomes, 8 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Heart Failure
2.	Obstructive Sleep Apnea
3.	Sleep Apnea Syndromes (Sleep Apnea)
4.	Central Sleep Apnea (Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome)
5.	Apnea

Experts

1.	Yasuma, Fumihiko: 7 articles (01/2013 - 10/2004)
2.	Horstkotte, Dieter: 6 articles (09/2015 - 01/2011)
3.	Oldenburg, Olaf: 6 articles (09/2015 - 01/2011)
4.	Bitter, Thomas: 5 articles (04/2015 - 01/2011)
5.	Murohara, Toyoaki: 4 articles (01/2013 - 06/2006)
6.	Fox, Henrik: 3 articles (09/2015 - 10/2014)
7.	Prinz, Christian: 3 articles (10/2014 - 01/2011)
8.	Malhotra, Atul: 2 articles (09/2015 - 08/2007)
9.	Spießhöfer, Jens: 2 articles (09/2015 - 04/2015)
10.	Prib, Natalie: 2 articles (09/2015 - 10/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cheyne-Stokes Respiration:

1.	OxygenIBA 05/01/1996 - "Oxygen is an effective treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration and should improve exercise capacity in these patients. " 03/01/2002 - "Novel therapeutic approaches have been attempted in order to treat Cheyne-Stokes respiration; they include oxygen delivery, various pharmaceutical treatments aimed to stabilize the ventilatory system and other pharmaceutical treatments aimed to improve the left ventricular ejection fraction. " 03/01/1998 - "Breathing oxygen during the night for 1 week increased the basal nocturnal oxygen saturation from 92.5% +/- 1.6% to 96.5% +/- 0.9% (P < 0.000,01) and reduced Cheyne-Stokes respiration. " 10/01/1997 - "Hemodynamics, cerebral circulation, and oxygen saturation in Cheyne-Stokes respiration." 05/01/1996 - "Nocturnal oxygen significantly reduced the duration of Cheyne-Stokes respiration (162 +/- 142 vs. 88 +/- 105 min [mean +/- SD]; p < 0.005). "
2.	Theophylline (Theon)FDA LinkGeneric 03/02/1999 - "After infusion of 2.4 mg of theophylline (serum level, 11.6 microg/mL), Cheyne-Stokes respiration resolved completely. " 07/01/2014 - "These observations suggest a potent hypotensive action of oral theophylline via Cheyne-Stokes respiration with CSA elimination. " 11/02/1999 - "Theophylline therapy for near-fatal Cheyne-Stokes respiration." 11/02/1999 - "Theophylline therapy for near-fatal Cheyne-Stokes respiration." 03/02/1999 - "Theophylline may be a rapid and effective therapy for life-threatening Cheyne-Stokes respiration."
3.	Acetazolamide (Diamox)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1986 - "[A case of Cheyne-Stokes respiration--a mechanism of ventilatory control and the effect of acetazolamide]." 08/15/2006 - "Long-term efficacy of acetazolamide on Cheyne-Stokes respiration in congestive heart failure." 06/01/2011 - "Effect of acetazolamide on chemosensitivity, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, and response to effort in patients with heart failure." 02/01/1976 - "However, comparision of electrophysiological data, external respiration indices, of the acid-base balance, pO2 and pCO2 of arterial blood demonstrated that, preventing development of pathological Cheyne-Stokes respiration under conditions of hypoxia, inactivation of carboanhydrase with diamox caused dissociation of the thoracic and abdominal respiration and dyspnea. "
4.	GasesIBA 10/01/1997 - "It is not possible to explain Cheyne-Stokes respiration by alterations in blood gases and circulatory time alone. " 10/01/1969 - "Cerebral venous and arterial blood gases during Cheyne-Stokes respiration." 10/01/1997 - "Because cardiovascular disorders and stroke may induce Cheyne-Stokes respiration, our purpose was to study the interaction among cerebral activity, cerebral circulation, blood pressure, and blood gases during Cheyne-Stokes respiration. "
5.	Temazepam (Nocturne)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1993 - "We studied seven male patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure (CHF) [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) = 22.4 +/- 6.7; mean +/- SD] in a double-blind crossover trial to determine the effects of temazepam 15 mg on arousability, sleep architecture, Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) and nighttime oxygen saturation. " 09/01/1993 - "Benzodiazepines in congestive heart failure: effects of temazepam on arousability and Cheyne-Stokes respiration."
6.	N-(4-aminophenethyl)spiroperidol (NAPS)IBA 01/01/1986 - "To study this hypothesis, 6 nonobese patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration lacking evidence for sleep apnea syndrome and anatomic upper airway abnormalities underwent polysomnography during daytime naps. "
7.	Carbon DioxideIBA 04/01/2015 - "In patients with heart failure (HF), Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) is characterized by chronic hyperventilation (HV) with low arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). " 08/01/1998 - "Treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration with nasal oxygen and carbon dioxide." 01/01/1995 - "Oxygen is likely to reduce Cheyne-Stokes respiration by increasing oxygen and carbon dioxide stores and reduces the hypercapnic ventilatory response. " 05/01/1999 - "Effects of inhaled carbon dioxide and oxygen on cheyne-stokes respiration in patients with heart failure." 01/01/1995 - "The pathogenesis of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with congestive heart failure has been well described and is related to prolonged circulation time between the lung and the carotid body mainly due to increased cardiac dimensions, reduced body stores of oxygen and carbon dioxide, disturbance of ventilation and respiratory control due to arousals and a relatively high hypercapnic ventilatory response. "
8.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 03/01/2011 - "Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) as well as Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR) have been recognized as relevant co-morbidities that are highly prevalent and associated with an impaired prognosis. " 03/07/2009 - "The awareness of Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) and of the co-existence of the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and central breathing disturbances has rapidly grown in recent years. " 03/01/2005 - "There are two types of sleep apnoea syndrome, which can sometimes co-exist: the obstructive apnoea syndrome with collapse of the upper airways, and the central apnoea syndrome with cyclical Cheyne-Stokes respiration, linked with anomalies of central control. " 09/01/2009 - "We examine the potential to treat unstable ventilatory control (seen in periodic breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, and central sleep apnea) with carefully controlled dynamic administration of supplementary CO(2), aiming to reduce ventilatory oscillations with minimum increment in mean CO(2). "
9.	Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Natrecor)FDA Link 05/26/2009 - "On multivariate analysis, combined elevation in chemosensitivity was the strongest independent prognostic marker, even when adjusted for univariate predictors (V(E)/V(CO2) slope, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, LVEF, and brain natriuretic peptide, p < 0.05). " 03/02/2007 - "Brain natriuretic peptide for prediction of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure patients." 05/01/2005 - "To assess the possible relationship between Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) associated with central sleep apnea (CSA) syndrome and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in an outpatient population presenting with stable congestive heart failure (CHF). " 05/26/2009 - "Although they had the same LVEF as the 43 patients (39%) with normal chemosensitivity, they were more symptomatic (New York Heart Association functional class), had higher plasma brain natriuretic peptide and norepinephrine, steeper regression slope relating minute ventilation to carbon dioxide output (V(E)/V(CO2) slope), more Cheyne-Stokes respiration, and more ventricular arrhythmias (all p < 0.05). "
10.	Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1995 - "We hypothesized that (1) patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA) would have greater nocturnal urinary and daytime plasma norepinephrine concentrations (UNE and PNE, respectively) than those without CSR-CSA because of apneas, hypoxia and arousals from sleep and (2) attenuation of CSR-CSA by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) would reduce UNE and PNE concentrations. " 05/26/2009 - "Although they had the same LVEF as the 43 patients (39%) with normal chemosensitivity, they were more symptomatic (New York Heart Association functional class), had higher plasma brain natriuretic peptide and norepinephrine, steeper regression slope relating minute ventilation to carbon dioxide output (V(E)/V(CO2) slope), more Cheyne-Stokes respiration, and more ventricular arrhythmias (all p < 0.05). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 03/01/2013 - "Reply: surprisingly powerful effect of continuous positive airway pressure on ventilatory instability in a pediatric patient with Cheyne-Stokes respiration." 03/01/2013 - "Issues applying a math model to estimate continuous positive airway pressure response in Cheyne-Stokes respiration." 03/01/2005 - "It's not as simple as it seems: continuous positive airway pressure and cheyne-stokes respiration." 01/01/2013 - "She was treated with 5-8 cmH2O of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to manage CHF and Cheyne-Stokes respiration during the preoperative period of five weeks, after which plastic surgery of the mitral valve was successfully performed. " 09/01/2015 - "Measures of unstable ventilatory control (loop gain) can be obtained directly from the periodic breathing duty ratio on polysomnography in patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration/central sleep apnea and can predict the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. "
2.	Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy 08/01/2007 - "Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to improve cardiac function and reduce Cheyne-Stokes respiration but has not been evaluated in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). " 09/01/2012 - "Adaptive servo ventilation improves Cheyne-Stokes respiration, cardiac function, and prognosis in chronic heart failure patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy." 12/01/2005 - "Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on sleep quality, quality of life, and symptomatic depression in patients with chronic heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration." 03/01/2012 - "Upon receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), there is an improvement of cardiac function and central sleep apnea syndrome (CSA) with Cheyne-Stokes respiration; however, effects of CRT on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome seemed to be without clinical relevance. " 02/15/2005 - "Cardiac resynchronization therapy, central sleep apnea, and Cheyne-Stokes respiration in chronic heart failure patients."
3.	Positive-Pressure Respiration (PEEP) 08/01/2008 - "Nocturnal positive pressure ventilation (PPV) has been shown to be effective in patients with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR). " 05/01/2002 - "[Positive pressure ventilation in Cheyne-Stokes respiration]." 08/01/2008 - "Bi-level positive pressure ventilation and adaptive servo ventilation in patients with heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration."
4.	Mechanical Ventilators (Ventilator) 09/01/2015 - "Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is a positive pressure ventilator support system to normalize ventilation in patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR). " 01/01/2005 - "Although a variety of ventilator therapies have been employed to treat Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR), these modalities do not completely eliminate CSR. " 08/01/1993 - "However, polygraphic sleep studies without a ventilator revealed Cheyne-Stokes respiration and profound arterial oxygen desaturation during rapid eye movement sleep. "
5.	Defibrillators (Defibrillator) 01/01/2011 - "Cheyne-Stokes respiration and obstructive sleep apnoea are independent risk factors for malignant ventricular arrhythmias requiring appropriate cardioverter-defibrillator therapies in patients with congestive heart failure." 11/01/2005 - "Ventricular arrhythmia, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, and death: observations from patients with defibrillators." 10/20/2014 - "Circadian variation of defibrillator shocks in patients with chronic heart failure: the impact of Cheyne-Stokes respiration and obstructive sleep apnea." 09/01/2014 - "We hypothesized that Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have an impact on inappropriate defibrillator discharges in patients witch chronic heart failure (CHF) and cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D). "