HOME PRODUCTS SERVICES COMPANY CONTACT FAQ

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea

Subscribe to New Research on Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea

Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9)

Also Known As:

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea, Post-Traumatic; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea, Spontaneous; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea, Traumatic; Post-Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea; Post-Traumatic Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid; Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Post-Traumatic; Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Spontaneous; Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Traumatic; Rhinorrhea, Post-Traumatic, Cerebrospinal Fluid; Rhinorrhea, Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid; Rhinorrhea, Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid; Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea; Spontaneous Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid; Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea; Traumatic Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea, Post Traumatic; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrheas; Cerebrospinal Rhinorrheas; Post Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea; Post Traumatic Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid; Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal; Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid; Rhinorrheas, Cerebrospinal; Rhinorrheas, Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Rhinorrhea

Networked: 115 relevant articles (8 outcomes, 2 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Infection
3.	Fistula
4.	Hemorrhage
5.	Suppuration

Experts

1.	Liu, Pinan: 2 articles (12/2015 - 06/2006)
2.	Liu, Gang: 2 articles (10/2014 - 02/2014)
3.	Yu, Huanxin: 2 articles (10/2014 - 02/2014)
4.	Chen, Lei: 2 articles (06/2011 - 04/2006)
5.	Liu, Hai-sheng: 2 articles (10/2009 - 07/2005)
6.	Wang, Zhenmin: 1 article (12/2015)
7.	Wang, Bo: 1 article (12/2015)
8.	Yang, Zhijun: 1 article (12/2015)
9.	Yao, Shou-Guo: 1 article (11/2015)
10.	Tang, Shi-Xiong: 1 article (11/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2008 - "During 24 days of hospitalization with medical management including avoidance of activities that increased the intracranial pressure, head elevation and antibiotics the cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea decreased and ceased. " 05/01/2012 - "Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea and infection occurred at 1 week in 1 and 2 cases respectively, and were cured after lumbar drainage and antibiotics. " 02/01/2014 - "The unsuccessful transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (χ(2) = 6.89, P = 0.001) , the defective diameter of skull base (χ(2) = 9.98, P = 0.001) and medical history of intracranial infection (χ(2) = 11.08, P = 0.001) were infection factors after transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (all P < 0.05), while sex, age, the site of defection, the aetiological agent, longer application of antibiotics before or after operation and the use of artificial material had no obvious effect (all P > 0.05). " 10/01/2014 - "The cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea , the restitution of skull base, the history of crannialbase approach, the history of radiotherapy and diabetes were infection fators after transnasal endoscopic diabetes (P < 0.05), while sex,age,operative approach,the use of artificial material,longer application of antibiotics before or after operation,and the history of chemotherapy had no obvious effects (P > 0.05). " 06/01/1983 - "Defervescence occurred in the patient 48 hours after treatment with antibiotics was begun, and systemic chemotherapy directed against the lymphoma resulted in resolution of the cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea within a month without surgical intervention."
2.	Acetazolamide (Diamox)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2015 - "Is acetazolamide really useful in the management of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea?"
3.	Fluorescein (Funduscein)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1994 - "Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea was documented by nasal endoscopy with or without intrathecal fluorescein, laboratory studies, computed tomography with or without contrast cisternography, and radioisotope cisternography in various combinations. " 05/01/2014 - "An inexpensive blue filter for fluorescein-assisted repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea." 05/01/2013 - "The use of low- dose intrathecal fluorescein in endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea." 10/01/2009 - "The use of topical intranasal fluorescein in endoscopic endonasal repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea." 01/01/2001 - "A new technique for the use of intrathecal fluorescein in the repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea using a hypodense diluent."
4.	Bromocriptine (Parlodel)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1982 - "Bromocriptine-induced cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea." 10/01/1992 - "Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea occurring in long-term bromocriptine treatment for macroprolactinomas." 11/01/1989 - "Two patients harboring invasive macroprolactinomas, on treatment with bromocriptine, developed cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea 16 and 17 months after the beginning of the medical therapy. " 11/01/1989 - "Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea occurring in long-term bromocriptine treatment for macroprolactinomas." 08/01/1985 - "Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea during treatment with bromocriptine for prolactinoma."
5.	Metrizamide FDA Link 01/01/1985 - "Seven interesting and instructive cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea evaluated by metrizamide computed tomographic cisternography are presented. " 01/01/1985 - "Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea by metrizamide computed tomographic cisternography." 03/01/1982 - "Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: evaluation with metrizamide cisternography." 08/01/1980 - "Precise anatomic localization of atraumatic sphenoethmoidal cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea by metrizamide CT cisternography." 06/01/1980 - "Metrizamide CT cisternography in the diagnosis and localization of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea."
6.	Fibrin Tissue Adhesive (Fibrin Sealant)IBA 01/01/2013 - "A novel technology: percutaneous injection of fibrin glue as a treatment for frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea." 07/01/1989 - "A simple procedure for management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea by injection of fibrin sealant. " 06/01/1988 - "Persistent CSF leakage was noted in 89% of group 1, 55% of group 2, 33% of group 3, and 22% of group 4. The reduced CSF leakage in the muscle plus fibrin glue group suggests that fibrin glue, by its adhesive sealing properties, enhances the results of muscle packing alone for the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea." 03/01/2011 - "Prevention of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after transsphenoidal surgery by collagen fleece coated with fibrin sealant without autologous tissue graft or postoperative lumbar drainage."
7.	Glucose OxidaseIBA 06/01/1985 - "Glucose oxidase sticks and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea." 12/08/1975 - "The use of glucose oxidase test strips for diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, therefore, is without merit." 11/01/1967 - "Diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: lack of specificity of the glucose oxidase test tape." 01/01/1963 - "[Glucose reagent paper (glucose oxidase paper) test for the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea]."
8.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1974 - "[Value of the paper test for the presence of glucose in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea]." 12/01/1973 - "[Value of glucose detection using the paper test, in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea]." 07/23/2005 - "Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea was confirmed by measurement of the glucose concentration in her nasal discharge and by cerebral MRI, which revealed a fistula of the ethmoid bone and an empty sella. " 01/01/1963 - "[Glucose reagent paper (glucose oxidase paper) test for the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea]."
9.	Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)IBA 06/01/2012 - "Delayed cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after gamma knife surgery in a patient with a growth hormone-secreting adenoma." 08/01/2005 - "Postoperative complications included growth hormone deficiency (36%), transient diabetes insipidus (12%), panhypopituitarism (4%), and transient cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (4%). "
10.	SodiumIBA 11/01/2007 - "This case highlights cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea as an unusual, but clinically significant, cause of sodium loss." 02/01/2003 - "Hospital course, development of meningitis, need for antibiotic therapy later on, subjective complaints, history of meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, fluoresceine test (intrathecal administration of fluoresceine sodium and subsequent nasal endoscopy) were evaluated. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant) 03/01/1956 - "Persistent cerebrospinal rhinorrhea originating in a fracture through the petrous bone and cured by muscle graft; report of a case." 11/01/2013 - "The history of autologous fat graft use for prevention of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after transsphenoidal approaches." 03/01/2011 - "To summarize the clinical manifestations of pediatric cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (CSFR), discuss the localization of CSFR, and the surgical approaches, the graft material selection and the prognoses of endoscopic repair of CSFR. " 08/01/2004 - "Subcranial transnasal repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with free autologous grafts by the combined overlay and underlay techniques." 03/01/1975 - "Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea occurred in three early patients, and has been successfully avoided in later ones by a fascia lata graft. "
2.	Hypophysectomy 05/01/1981 - "The case records of 98 patients who underwent a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy between 1969 and 1979 were examined to establish the frequency of postoperative cerebrospinal rhinorrhea and meningitis. " 07/01/2005 - "However, most of endoscopic surgery limited to the repair of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea, decompression of traumatic optic nerve, hypophysectomy, etc. This study was undertaken to determine whether endoscopic endonasal approach was safe and effective for the resection of tumors located in petroclival region and infratemporal fossa. " 10/01/2012 - "Forty-five of these cases underwent complete or major resection of the lesion by endoscopic sphenoid sinus surgery, including 23 cyst and pus cyst of sphenoidal sinus, 8 fungal sphenoid sinusitis, 2 bleeding polyp of sphenoidal sinus, 1 post- hypophysectomy granulation hyperplasia of sphenoidal sinus , 5 papilloma of sphenoid sinus, 1 cerebrospinal rhinorrhea of sphenoid sinus, 2 ossified fibroma of sphenoid sinus,2 juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with invasion to the sphenoid sinus, 1 meningioma of ethmoid and sphenoid sinus. "
3.	Decompression 09/01/2011 - "Witch were performed endoscopic optic nerve decompression and cerebrospinal rhinorrhea euplastic by image guidance system. " 09/01/2011 - "To investigate the advantages of image guidance system in endoscopic optic nerve decompression of traumatic occlusion optic neuropathy affiliated with cerebrospinal rhinorrhea. " 09/01/2011 - "[Application of image guidance system in endoscopic optic nerve decompression of traumatic occlusion optic neuropathy affiliated with cerebrospinal rhinorrhea]." 07/01/2005 - "However, most of endoscopic surgery limited to the repair of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea, decompression of traumatic optic nerve, hypophysectomy, etc. This study was undertaken to determine whether endoscopic endonasal approach was safe and effective for the resection of tumors located in petroclival region and infratemporal fossa. "
4.	Endoscopes 06/01/2008 - "[Neoplasty of multiple cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea on combined frontal-nose approach through endoscope]." 06/01/2006 - "To evaluate the failed causes of repairing the cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and the use of endoscope techniques. " 06/01/2006 - "[Repair of recurrent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and skull base defect by endoscope]." 08/01/2004 - "To determine the efficacy of subcranial transnasal repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with free autologous grafts by the combined overlay and underlay techniques using the surgical microscope and/or endoscope. " 09/01/2003 - "The residue of the plastic chopstick was successfully taken out from the anterior skull cavity by an intranasal endoscope that was insorted into the earity via the anterior cranial base followed by surgical management of the cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with the skull defect repair. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/2009 - "Twenty-one cases with cyst and pus cyst of sphenoidal sinus had been healed by trans-meatus nasi superior pathway; 1 case with hematoma and organization in sphenoidal sinus had been cleared by trans-meatus nasi superior pathway; 3 cases had hematoma and organization in sphenoidal sinus and pseudoaneurysm in internal carotid artery, one of them suffered fatal hemorrhage in surgical exploration, and cured by endovascular embolization, the other two only underwent nasal endoscopic examination, the diagnosis was established by DSA and they received interventional therapy; 4 cases with papilloma in sphenoidal sinus had been treated by trans-natural opening of sphenoid sinus approach, and 3 cases were cured, 1 case had only partial mass resection as the papilloma offended the outer wall of sphenoidal sinus diffusely; 2 cases with cholesteatoma of sphenoid sinus have been removed completely by trans-meatus nasi superior approach; 1 case with encephalomeningocele of sphenoidal sinus underwent sphenoidotomy by trans-natural opening of anterior of sphenoidal sinus, and intraoperative puncture showed characteristic cerebrospinal fluid, the exposed meninges were then repair surgically; 1 case with mycosis of sphenoidal sinus had been cured by thorough clearing of the lesion in sphenoidal sinus combined with antifungal therapy; 3 cases with malignancy of sphenoidal sinus had received major mass resection of sphenoidal sinus by trans-anterior ethmoid sinus-posterior ethmoid sinus approach, and followed with radio therapy and chemotherapy; 5 cases with NPC involving sphenoidal sinus had been treated by radio therapy and chemotherapy after pathological examination; 5 cases with post-operative cerebrospinal rhinorrhea and granulation hyperplasia of sphenoidal sinus had been repaired successfully by trans-meatus nasi superior approach or tans-nasal septum approach. " 10/01/2014 - "The cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea , the restitution of skull base, the history of crannialbase approach, the history of radiotherapy and diabetes were infection fators after transnasal endoscopic diabetes (P < 0.05), while sex,age,operative approach,the use of artificial material,longer application of antibiotics before or after operation,and the history of chemotherapy had no obvious effects (P > 0.05). " 06/01/1983 - "Defervescence occurred in the patient 48 hours after treatment with antibiotics was begun, and systemic chemotherapy directed against the lymphoma resulted in resolution of the cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea within a month without surgical intervention."