Carrageenan

A water-soluble extractive mixture of sulfated polysaccharides from RED ALGAE. Chief sources are the Irish moss CHONDRUS CRISPUS (Carrageen), and Gigartina stellata. It is used as a stabilizer, for suspending COCOA in chocolate manufacture, and to clarify BEVERAGES.

Also Known As:

Networked: 5529 relevant articles (212 outcomes, 649 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Cuzzocrea, Salvatore: 49 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Mazzon, Emanuela: 33 articles (01/2012 - 01/2002)
3.	Di Paola, Rosanna: 28 articles (05/2014 - 05/2002)
4.	Küpeli, Esra: 27 articles (01/2009 - 02/2002)
5.	Huang, Guan-Jhong: 24 articles (04/2015 - 11/2009)
6.	Fröde, Tânia Silvia: 23 articles (06/2015 - 10/2002)
7.	Sluka, Kathleen A: 21 articles (02/2015 - 03/2003)
8.	Huang, Shyh-Shyun: 20 articles (04/2015 - 06/2010)
9.	Lee, Kyung-Tae: 20 articles (03/2012 - 06/2002)
10.	Yesilada, Erdem: 20 articles (01/2012 - 08/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Edema 04/25/2014 - "Its average skin irritation scored 0.49 concluded to be non-irritant, safe for human use and in vivo studies revealed significantly greater extent of absorption and highly significant inhibition (%) of carrageenan induced paw edema. " 09/01/2013 - "The results showed a moderate antioxidant activity (40%), but potent anti-inflammatory activity (49.9%) on carrageenan-induced mice paw edema, and also as revealed by histopathologic examination, complete protection against AlCl₃-induced hepatic toxicity. " 01/01/2010 - "LA (25 and 50 μg/ml) was also very effective in inhibiting MPO released from stimulated human neutrophils, and significantly decreased the number of cells expressing iNOS activity in the paw of mice submitted to carrageenan-induced edema, suggesting a drug involvement with the NO system. " 06/01/2004 - "HAE and ASHAE-PPT presented antiinflammatory activity and were very effective in decreasing the mouse paw edema induced by carrageenan. " 09/01/2014 - "The HSM showed significant reduction of edema in carrageenan induced mice paw edema model at 1 h and 3 h for (78.03±15.54)% and (40.44±16.36)%, respectively. "
2.	Inflammation 02/15/2013 - "Further SAR studies of the benzoxazole ring substituents lead to a novel series of highly potent compounds with improved PK profile, including 23, 26, and 29, which were effective in a carrageenan-stimulated guinea pig air pouch model of inflammation. " 10/01/2003 - "On the other hand, DhL inhibited both chronic and acute adjuvant carrageenan-induced inflammation phases, being most effective in the chronic phase. " 10/01/2003 - "Inhibitory effects of ACEA were significantly greater in rats with peripheral carrageenan inflammation than in noninflamed rats (P < 0.05). " 10/01/2003 - "After carrageenan inflammation, the lower dose of 100 microg 2-PMPA inhibited input, post-discharge, C- and Adelta-fibre-evoked responses by a significantly greater amount than the same dose in normal animals. " 01/01/2015 - "Furthermore, Bothrops jararaca antithrombin is more effective in preventing acute inflammation induced by carrageenan when compared to human antithrombin. "
3.	Hyperalgesia 01/22/2010 - "Our results show that a 3-week preoperative exposure to EE leads to a significant reduction in the duration of the carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia, comparable with a post-operative exposure to EE. " 04/01/1994 - "into the right hindpaw, and exhibited hyperalgesia in the injected paw as evidenced by a significant reduction of withdrawal latencies from baseline 1, 3, 5, and 24 h following carrageenan. " 08/25/1992 - "A single unilateral injection of carrageenan (4.5-6.0 mg in 0.15-0.20 ml saline) into the rat hindpaw induced behavioral hyperalgesia as evidenced by a significant reduction in hindpaw withdrawal latency to a noxious thermal stimulus. " 05/01/1992 - "Anti-CGRP antibody produced an improvement in the hyperalgesia of RCS rats as well as carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia without having an effect on the nociceptive threshold of non-RCS rats. " 06/01/2014 - "Previous studies have shown that unilateral injection of carrageenan into the gastrocnemius muscle produces chronic thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. "
4.	Pleurisy (Pleuritis) 06/01/2011 - "In the carrageenan-induced pleurisy model, the RDV-8 (3 mg/kg) treatment induced a significant reduction in the exudate volume, in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration and in the pleural exudate NO levels. " 01/01/2011 - "Carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema and rat pleurisy models were utilized to demonstrate the efficacy of defined BAs in vivo. " 12/01/2014 - "This study was conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of Jungia sellowii (Asteraceae) using a murine model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan (Cg). " 11/01/2014 - "The present study reports the effects of DEC pretreatment on NF-κB regulation using the pleurisy model induced by carrageenan. " 04/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the crude hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) from the aerial parts of Croton antisyphiliticus, its fractions and isolated compounds derived from it on the mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan. "
5.	Pain (Aches) 06/25/2013 - "In this study, we investigated whether DHA could reduce inflammatory pain and inhibit neuroinflammation in the spinal cord following carrageenan injection in mice. " 05/10/2013 - "The current study suggests that peripheral group II and III mGluRs in the knee joint negatively modulates nociceptive behavior during both the induction and maintenance phases of carrageenan-induced arthritic pain." 11/01/2012 - "The present study investigates the effect of OXT in paw carrageenan-induced pain. " 04/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of supraspinal SP and the NK1 receptor in inflammatory pain induced by injection of carrageenan in the hind paw of the rat. " 09/01/2010 - "In this study, we investigated the role of mTOR in Sprague-Dawley rats using the carrageenan model of inflammatory pain. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Freund's Adjuvant
2.	Acetic Acid (Vinegar)
3.	Dinoprostone (PGE2)
4.	Dextrans (Dextran)
5.	Formaldehyde (Formol)
6.	Methanol (Carbinol)
7.	Prostaglandins E (PGE)
8.	Leukotriene B4
9.	Diclofenac (SR 38)
10.	Histamine (Histamine Dihydrochloride)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oral Administration
2.	Induced Hyperthermia (Thermotherapy)
3.	Ligation
4.	Intra-Articular Injections
5.	Analgesia