Carmine (Natural Red 4)

Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.

Also Known As:

Natural Red 4; 7-Glucopyranosyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxyl-1-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic Acid; C.I. 75470; Carminic Acid; Cochineal Dye; Dye, Cochineal; Coccinellin; 2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 7-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-

Networked: 113 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Akiyama, Hiroshi: 4 articles (01/2019 - 05/2009)
2.	Matsunaga, Kayoko: 3 articles (06/2021 - 11/2011)
3.	Suzuki, Kayoko: 3 articles (06/2021 - 11/2011)
4.	Yagami, Akiko: 3 articles (06/2021 - 11/2011)
5.	Yamaguchi, Masao: 3 articles (01/2019 - 03/2013)
6.	Ge, Chenxu: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2021)
7.	Hu, Linfeng: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2021)
8.	Li, Qiang: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2021)
9.	Tan, Jun: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2021)
10.	Xu, Minxuan: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2021)

Related Diseases

1.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 12/01/1987 - "On the basis of the results obtained it is considered that there were no untoward effects on embryo development in rats given oral doses of up to 1000 mg carmine/kg body weight/day throughout pregnancy." 12/01/1987 - "There were no effects of carmine treatment on body weights, pregnancy rates, pre-implantation losses, the average numbers of live young, litter weights or foetal weights. " 12/01/1987 - "Groups of 30 mated female rats were given daily doses of 0, 200, 500 or 1000 mg carmine/kg body weight by oral intubation throughout pregnancy. " 12/01/1987 - "It is concluded that carmine had no untoward effects on the growth and fertility of adult rats, or on the ante- and postnatal development of their offspring when given continuously at doses of up to 500 mg/kg body weight/day in the diet throughout all phases of mating, gestation, lactation, weaning and adult life over three successive generations." 12/01/1987 - "Carmine was fed continuously to male and female rats over three generations at dietary concentrations that provided intakes of 50, 150 or 500 mg carmine/kg body weight/day. "
2.	Constipation 04/01/1970 - "Carmine as an index of transit time in children with simple constipation." 04/25/2018 - "Administration with BC at 500 mg/kg of body weight in diphenoxylate-induced constipation rats distinctly improved the carmine propulsion rate (83.5 ± 5.2%), shortened the defecating time of the first red feces (249.0 ± 23.3 min), and increased the weight of carmine red feces within 5 h (2.7 ± 1.3 g). " 01/01/2022 - "Four compounds 2, 5, 17, and 19, when administered orally, were able to increase intestinal motility during morphine-induced constipation in the carmine red dye assays. "
3.	Stomach Neoplasms (Stomach Cancer) 10/01/2020 - "Highly accurate artificial intelligence systems to predict the invasion depth of gastric cancer: efficacy of conventional white-light imaging, nonmagnifying narrow-band imaging, and indigo-carmine dye contrast imaging."
4.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy) 02/01/2022 - "The patients with at least one positive carmine test or with suspected hypersensitivity to carmine were suggested to undergo a placebo-controlled oral challenge test. " 10/01/2018 - "Cochineal dye-induced immediate allergy: Review of Japanese cases and proposed new diagnostic chart." 11/01/2015 - "As a result, the overall frequency of clinical carmine allergy is estimated to be 0.7% in general dermatology patients studied for food-associated symptoms. " 11/01/2015 - "To analyse carmine related symptoms in skin prick test positive patients a cohort of 23 patients with suspected allergy to carmine red was subjected to a single-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge test with carmine red. " 11/01/2015 - "Carmine ingestion associated systemic symptoms are occasionally suspected, but sufficient information of proven carmine allergy is not available. "
5.	Anaphylaxis (Anaphylactic Shock) 05/01/1995 - "Study of a case of anaphylaxis after ingestion of yogurt to establish the responsibility of carmine. " 01/01/2017 - "Anaphylaxis due to carmine-containing foods induced by epicutaneous sensitization to red eye-liner." 01/01/2009 - "To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of carmine anaphylaxis attributed to carmine-containing medication. " 11/01/1999 - "Anaphylaxis after ingestion of carmine colored foods: two case reports and a review of the literature." 11/01/1997 - "We report five cases of anaphylactic reaction to carmine (cochineal, E120) after patients drank an alcoholic beverage. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Coloring Agents (Dyes)
2.	Diphenoxylate
3.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
4.	Allergens
5.	Food Additives (Food Additive)
6.	Chlorine
7.	Antibodies
8.	Hydrogen Peroxide (Hydroperoxide)
9.	ponceau 4R (E 124)
10.	lac dye

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lasers (Laser)
2.	Intravenous Administration
3.	Therapeutics