Basal Cell Carcinoma (Rodent Ulcer)

A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)

Also Known As:

Networked: 2863 relevant articles (158 outcomes, 331 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Actinic Keratosis
2.	Bowen's Disease (Disease, Bowen)
3.	Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Epidermoid Carcinoma)
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
5.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant)

Experts

1.	Epstein, Ervin H: 14 articles (03/2014 - 03/2004)
2.	Morton, C A: 11 articles (06/2013 - 01/2001)
3.	Oseroff, Allan R: 10 articles (11/2009 - 04/2003)
4.	Szeimies, Rolf-Markus: 9 articles (07/2015 - 01/2005)
5.	Tang, Jean Y: 9 articles (03/2014 - 01/2010)
6.	Lear, J T: 8 articles (12/2015 - 03/2000)
7.	Selva, Dinesh: 8 articles (12/2015 - 05/2003)
8.	Huilgol, Shyamala C: 8 articles (12/2015 - 05/2003)
9.	Rajadhyaksha, Milind: 8 articles (02/2015 - 12/2004)
10.	Karagas, Margaret R: 8 articles (08/2011 - 05/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Basal Cell Carcinoma:

1.	imiquimod (Aldara)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "Although excisional surgery remains the best treatment for low-risk basal-cell carcinoma, imiquimod cream might still be a useful treatment option for small low-risk superficial or nodular basal-cell carcinoma dependent on factors such as patient preference, size and site of the lesion, and whether the patient has more than one lesion. " 01/01/2007 - "Imiquimod is a Toll-like receptor-7 agonist capable of inducing complete clearance of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and other cutaneous malignancies. " 09/01/2004 - "Imiquimod is a modifier of the immune response that has been proven to be an effective treatment for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). " 06/01/2010 - "We conducted a prospective, multicenter, phase 3, open-label study to assess long-term sustained clearance of superficial basal cell carcinomas (sBCCs) treated with imiquimod cream 5%. " 06/01/2010 - "Sustained clearance of superficial basal cell carcinomas treated with imiquimod cream 5%: results of a prospective 5-year study."
2.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 01/01/2006 - "In conclusion, the long-term complete remission rate of fractionated ALA-mediated PDT of superficial basal cell carcinoma as reported here is significantly better than after PDT with single illumination previously reported by others, but equal to studies using single illumination with a much higher light fluence. " 09/01/2007 - "Long-term follow-up indicates superior efficacy of surgery to methyl aminolevulinate PDT in nodular basal cell carcinoma. " 03/01/2007 - "Recently, it has been reported that PDT using methylaminolaevulinate may be effective in basal cell carcinoma. " 09/01/2009 - "A series of six patient cases was used to evaluate the efficacy of PDT in the treatment of lower eyelid basal cell carcinoma (BCC). " 01/01/2013 - "Data in this study supports hypothesis that PDT could be used for the treatment of non-invasive (superficial and nodular) basal cell carcinoma. "
3.	CosmeticsIBA 01/01/1993 - "The purpose of this study of 81 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the nose was to present the oncological and cosmetic results of surgical treatment and compare these results with those of other possible treatments. " 01/01/1988 - "The purpose of this study of 36 patients was to assess the oncological, functional and cosmetic results of surgery in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid and to compare them with those obtained with other possible therapeutic methods. " 07/01/2015 - "Noninvasive treatments are frequently used in treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) because of better cosmetic results, lower costs, and less burden on health care services when compared with surgical excision. " 05/01/2015 - "Basal cell carcinomas are usually slow-growing and rarely metastasize, but they do cause localized tissue destruction, compromised function, and cosmetic disfigurement. " 04/01/2015 - "Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) recurrences, especially in the facial region, represent a complex cosmetic problem. "
4.	Aminolevulinic Acid (Levulan)FDA Link 06/01/2000 - "Delta-aminolevulinic acid in superficial basal cell carcinomas and normal skin-a microdialysis and perfusion study." 09/01/2007 - "Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and light irradiation is a treatment option in basal cell carcinomas (BCC). " 07/01/2004 - "Photodynamic therapy with delta-aminolevulinic acid using red light (approximately 630 nm) sources has been reported as effective in treatment of superficial and small nodular basal cell carcinomas. " 01/01/2000 - "This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic treatment for residual or recurrent basal cell carcinomas after radiotherapy. " 07/01/2013 - "Aminolevulinic Acid-photodynamic therapy of Basal cell carcinoma and factors affecting the response to treatment: a clinical trial."
5.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2011 - "Giant basal cell carcinoma: an old but effective therapy with 5FU." 04/01/2007 - "A total of 29 patients with 31 biopsy-proven superficial basal cell carcinoma lesions on the trunk or limbs were treated with 5% 5-FU cream twice daily for up to 12 weeks. " 04/01/2007 - "Five percent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cream is approved by the FDA for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas but has been underutilized. " 06/01/2006 - "Basal cell carcinoma responding to systemic 5-fluorouracil." 10/01/2005 - "We investigated the possibility of polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to be applied in local treatment of patients with basal cell carcinoma. "
6.	InterferonsIBA 10/01/1991 - "Both types of interferons are effective in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. " 01/01/2005 - "The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and long-term results of interferon alpha-2a (IFNalpha-2a) in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. " 06/01/2015 - "Comment Re: 'Treatment of basal cell carcinoma with surgical excision and perilesional interferon-α'." 07/01/2013 - "Treatment of basal cell carcinoma with surgical excision and perilesional interferon-α." 02/01/2011 - "Interferon (∼1.5 M IU, 3 times weekly × 3 weeks) is perhaps the most widely used regimen for basal cell carcinoma. "
7.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2000 - "In 1993, Chang et al. reported visual improvements in the lesions of nine patients diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) following iontophoresis of cisplatin. " 01/01/2000 - "Iontophoresis treatment of basal cell carcinoma with cisplatin: a case report." 11/01/1983 - "This article reports a case of basal cell carcinoma, metastatic to the lung, which was successfully treated with cisplatin. " 08/21/1989 - "Complete remission of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma following treatment with chemotherapy containing cis-platinum]." 07/01/1991 - "We have used intravenous cis-platinum chemotherapy in the treatment of three patients with basal cell carcinoma of the lid extending into the orbit. "
8.	RetinoidsIBA 11/01/1991 - "Basal-cell carcinoma of the breast--treatment with retinoids." 08/15/1981 - "Influence of topical and systemic retinoids on basal cell carcinoma cell membranes." 02/01/1995 - "In our case, oral retinoids made evident other basal cell carcinomas hidden in keratotic papules of the Darier's disease. " 01/01/1992 - "There is no comparable system for humans, although retinoids demonstrate activity against basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and actinic keratoses on the skin of humans. " 01/18/2010 - "Retinoids have been used for years as monotherapy and/or in combination for treatment and suppression of cutaneous malignancies in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum, or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) basal cell carcinoma (BCC). "
9.	Interferon Alfa-2b (Interferon Alfa 2b)FDA Link 08/01/1990 - "Intralesional interferon alfa-2b has been proven effective in the treatment of basal cell carcinomas. " 08/01/1990 - "In this study, 65 basal cell carcinomas were treated in one of two dosing schedules with intralesional sustained release interferon alfa-2b (10 million IU per injection). " 04/01/2010 - "For patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in whom surgical intervention is not optimal, local treatment with interferon alfa-2b is an alternative. " 04/01/2010 - "Treatment of basal cell carcinoma of the nasal pyramid with intralesional interferon alfa-2b." 06/01/2006 - "Interferon alfa-2b (IFN) may be used to treat basal cell carcinoma (BCC) as an alternative to surgical or destructive methods. "
10.	Dihematoporphyrin Ether (Porfimer Sodium)FDA Link 12/01/2005 - "Our preliminary results indicate that systemic photodynamic therapy using Photofrin and external light either alone or with interstitial optical diffuser fibres; may be effective in treatment of multiple, thick and nodular BCC lesions in Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. " 06/01/2006 - "A dose ranging study of photodynamic therapy with porfimer sodium (Photofrin) for treatment of basal cell carcinoma." 12/01/2005 - "Systemic photodynamic therapy with Photofrin for naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome-A pilot study." 02/01/2000 - "Photofrin photodynamic therapy can significantly deplete or preserve oxygenation in human basal cell carcinomas during treatment, depending on fluence rate." 11/01/2006 - "Nodular basal cell carcinomas resistant to multiple forms of treatment in two patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin's syndrome) were treated with systemic porfimer sodium-based photodynamic therapy. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 01/01/2010 - "Giant basal cell carcinoma of the breast mimicking paget's disease: complete remission after photodynamic therapy." 02/01/2010 - "A patient with neviod basal cell carcinoma syndrome treated successfully with photodynamic therapy: case report and review of the literature." 03/01/2015 - "In this small series of eight Asian patients, topical photodynamic therapy has been shown to be effective and generally well-tolerated in the treatment of basal cell carcinomas, particularly of the superficial subtype. " 11/01/2015 - "Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in basal cell carcinoma is supported by substantial research and clinical trials. " 09/01/2007 - "Efficacy of photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate in the treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: an open-label trial."
2.	Mohs Surgery (Mohs' Micrographic Surgery) 12/01/2010 - "In our experience, Mohs micrographic surgery is effective for the treatment of high-risk basal cell carcinoma." 09/01/2010 - "Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is the treatment of choice for high-risk facial basal cell carcinoma (BCC) as it offers the greatest chance of cure with maximum preservation of healthy tissue. " 09/01/2014 - "Efficacy of fluorescence diagnosis-guided Mohs micrographic surgery for pigmented vs non-pigmented basal cell carcinoma." 12/01/2010 - "Here, we evaluate the efficacy of Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. " 05/01/2005 - "A 73-year-old female was referred for the treatment of a basal cell carcinoma of the right nasal ala and underwent Mohs micrographic surgery with clearance of the lesion. "
3.	Curettage 10/01/2011 - "[Efficacy of curettage-electrodesiccation for basal cell carcinoma in medium- and high-risk areas]." 02/01/2006 - "This study investigated its efficacy following curettage (without electrodesiccation) for the treatment of primary nodular basal cell carcinoma on the trunk and limbs. " 04/01/1983 - "In this study the nose and nasolabial folds are identified as high-risk areas for recurrence of basal cell epithelioma (BCE) following curettage and electrodesiccation (C and D). " 08/01/2013 - "Immediate curettage and electrodessication following biopsy of suspected basal cell carcinoma at initial visit." 08/01/2013 - "Biopsy followed by immediate curettage and electrodesiccation of suspected basal cell carcinomas at the first visit."
4.	Radiotherapy 10/03/1964 - "One hundred and nineteen cases of basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid were reviewed to determine the efficacy of radiotherapy for treatment of this lesion. " 07/01/2012 - "The aim of the study was to update the experience treating cutaneous squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas of the head and neck with incidental or clinical perineural invasion (PNI) with radiotherapy (RT). " 01/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and histological aspects of basal cell carcinoma in patients with a history of radiotherapy. " 06/01/2000 - "A randomized trial was performed at the Gustave-Roussy Institute to compare basal cell carcinomas of the face treated either by surgery or by radiotherapy. " 01/01/1984 - "The pragmatic approach is still not used very often; we describe a clinical trial using this approach in order to discuss its advantages and drawbacks; the trial compares radiotherapy and surgery in basal cell carcinoma of the skin. "
5.	Cryotherapy (Therapy, Cold) 01/01/2013 - "We present three cases of basal cell carcinoma with good results with cryotherapy. " 01/01/2009 - "Monitoring efficacy of cryotherapy for superficial basal cell carcinomas with in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy: a preliminary study." 04/01/2015 - "Cryotherapy has been used in treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). " 01/01/2013 - "Basal cell carcinomas in elderly patients treated by cryotherapy." 04/01/2010 - "Basal cell carcinoma with a skip lesion on the nose after repeated cryotherapy."