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Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Also Known As:

Carcinomatosis; Carcinomas; Epithelioma; Epithelial Tumors, Malignant; Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Malignant Epithelial; Anaplastic Carcinoma; Anaplastic Carcinomas; Carcinoma, Spindle Cell; Carcinomas, Anaplastic; Carcinomas, Spindle-Cell; Carcinomas, Undifferentiated; Carcinomatoses; Epithelial Neoplasm, Malignant; Epithelial Tumor, Malignant; Epitheliomas; Malignant Epithelial Neoplasm; Malignant Epithelial Tumor; Malignant Epithelial Tumors; Neoplasm, Malignant Epithelial; Spindle-Cell Carcinoma; Spindle-Cell Carcinomas; Tumor, Malignant Epithelial; Tumors, Malignant Epithelial; Undifferentiated Carcinoma; Undifferentiated Carcinomas; Carcinoma, Anaplastic; Carcinoma, Spindle-Cell; Carcinoma, Undifferentiated; Epithelial Neoplasms, Malignant

Networked: 115405 relevant articles (3797 outcomes, 14716 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
3.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)
4.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer)
5.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant)

Experts

1.	Davidson, Ben: 112 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Shariat, Shahrokh F: 106 articles (12/2015 - 12/2002)
3.	Sasano, Hironobu: 105 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Zhang, Wei: 87 articles (12/2015 - 02/2002)
5.	Suzuki, Takashi: 85 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
6.	Karakiewicz, Pierre I: 69 articles (07/2015 - 02/2006)
7.	Lotan, Yair: 66 articles (01/2016 - 06/2006)
8.	Li, Yan: 63 articles (02/2015 - 10/2002)
9.	Miki, Yasuhiro: 62 articles (10/2015 - 06/2003)
10.	Cheng, Liang: 61 articles (01/2016 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Carcinoma:

1.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2013 - "The present study examines the therapeutic efficacy of the administration of low-dose cisplatin (cis) followed by exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF), with an average intensity of 10 mT, on Ehrlich carcinoma in vivo. " 01/01/2013 - "Extremely low-frequency magnetic field enhances the therapeutic efficacy of low-dose cisplatin in the treatment of Ehrlich carcinoma." 01/01/2003 - "We report a patient with highly advanced gastric carcinoma who was treated successfully with a new combination chemoradiotherapy using S-1 and cisplatin (CDDP). " 12/15/2003 - "Intercalation is the preferred binding mode for 2, whereas both intercalation and minor-groove binding are observed for 1. Complex 1 is cytotoxic against a number of carcinoma cell lines, including KB-3-1, CNE-3, and HepG2, and remains potent against multidrug- or cisplatin-resistant KB-V-1 and CNE1 cell lines, for which the resistance ratios are 1.6 and 1.5, respectively. " 02/01/1991 - "Ovarian carcinoma demonstrates a steep dose-response curve for cisplatin, but even very small levels of acquired resistance at the cellular level are sufficient to block the efficacy of intravenous (IV) cisplatin. "
2.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 04/15/1983 - "The authors concluded that three courses of CDDP and 5-FU is a highly effective and safe adjuvant treatment in patients with advanced carcinoma of the head and neck." 07/01/2001 - "Adjuvant radiochemotherapy, WAI, and concomitant 5-FU, is a feasible and a fairly well-tolerated treatment for patients with locally advanced (involvement of the lymph nodes or serosa) gastric carcinoma who undergo complete resection. " 01/01/1989 - "The administration of systemically and intraperitoneally infused 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with ovarial carcinoma did not shown in any patient a complete or partial remission, but showed severe side effects. " 10/05/2005 - "The killing ability against target cells previously exposed to sublethal doses of 5-FU was statistically significantly greater than against untreated target cells (43.5% versus 26.5% at 25/1 effector to target ratio [Difference {diff} = 17.0]; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.6 to 20.4) for MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells and 73.5 versus 48.5 (diff = 25.0; 95% CI = 16.2 to 33.8) for the SW-1463 colon carcinoma cells. " 09/01/2001 - "All these data suggest that combination therapy with hIFN-beta and the anticancer drug 5-FU would be beneficial for the treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus."
3.	Paclitaxel (Taxol)FDA LinkGeneric 10/15/2001 - "Treatment of ovarian carcinomas with the antimitotic antitumor drug paclitaxel is highly efficacious. " 04/01/2006 - "The significant efficacy of (90)Y-hu3S193 and paclitaxel CMRIT at low radiation doses in this model of breast carcinoma indicates its therapeutic potential and warrants further investigation into this promising therapeutic approach." 02/01/2002 - "NMP-1 and HEY models have significant value in establishing the efficacy of candidate agents, which might address Taxol-resistant human ovarian carcinoma. " 04/01/2014 - "Using optimized inoculation densities and schedules, treatment with paclitaxel was effective in gastric carcinoma cell lines, SNU-16 and SNU-484, but not in SNU-668. " 05/01/2010 - "Paclitaxel monotherapy is likely to be effective in treating sarcomatoid carcinoma of the thymus."
4.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/25/2002 - "We therefore investigated the physical properties of liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) and found it to be most effective when administered intraperitoneally for carcinoma in the abdominal cavity. " 08/20/1989 - "It was concluded that this combination therapy is beneficial in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma because it showed measurable clinical effectiveness with less toxicity than FAM therapy (a combination of 5-FU, Doxorubicin and MMC)." 07/01/1991 - "Doxorubicin has been shown to be more effective against MGH-U1 bladder carcinoma cells grown in monolayer than spheroid. " 09/01/2015 - "Therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin delivery by a CO2 generating liposomal platform in breast carcinoma." 04/28/2015 - "To improve the therapeutic efficacy of the current liposomal doxorubicin approach for the treatment of clear cell carcinoma, we aimed to develop a novel peptide-conjugated liposomal doxorubicin to actively target this subtype. "
5.	gemcitabine FDA Link 01/01/2012 - "This study aimed to determine whether the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma can be defined on the basis of the expression of genes involved in gemcitabine metabolism and whether combination treatment is more effective than conventional treatment. " 09/01/2007 - "Here, a murine pancreatic carcinoma model was used to investigate whether combination with gemcitabine increases therapeutic efficacy of DC-based vaccination. " 04/01/2010 - "Establishment of six new human biliary tract carcinoma cell lines and identification of MAGEH1 as a candidate biomarker for predicting the efficacy of gemcitabine treatment." 09/01/2008 - "The present study was carried out with the objective of assessing the feasibility and efficacy of low dose gemcitabine as radiosensitizer when used during radical radiotherapeutic management of patients with locally advanced head and neck carcinomas. " 06/15/2003 - "The objectives of the current study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose and to evaluate the efficacy of gemcitabine given in combination with strontium-89 to patients with androgen independent prostate carcinoma. "
6.	PlatinumIBA 08/01/2011 - "Intratumoral lymphocyte density in serous ovarian carcinoma is superior to ERCC1 expression for predicting response to platinum-based therapy." 04/01/2015 - "This review summarizes the current status of first-line treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma in platinum-eligible patients as well as prognostic and predictive models in this disease. " 01/01/2015 - "Platinum-based combination therapy is the standard first-line treatment for women with advanced serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). " 04/01/2003 - "To estimate the antitumor efficacy of dolastatin-10 in patients with measurable recurrences of platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma and to determine the nature and degree of toxicity of dolastatin-10 in these patients. " 01/01/2015 - "However, previous studies have revealed that some histological subtypes, such as clear cell carcinoma, are resistant to medical treatment, including that with platinum drugs. "
7.	Carboplatin (JM8)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "Taken together, these results suggest that the efficacy of carboplatin in the treatment of high grade ovarian carcinoma can be enhanced by a combinational therapy with MSeA. " 01/01/2014 - "Concurrent weekly carboplatin and radiation therapy yields high response rate with modest disease-free and overall survivals in locally advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix. " 06/01/2008 - "Continuous IA CBDCA and concurrent radiation therapy can be delivered safely with good efficacy for locally advanced carcinoma of the tongue." 11/15/2000 - "Superselective continuous intraarterial carboplatin and concurrent radiation therapy can be delivered safely with good efficacy for locally advanced carcinomas of the tongue and base of the tongue. " 03/01/2007 - "The current case suggests that combination CBDCA plus weekly PTX is effective against advanced clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium."
8.	AntigensIBA 11/01/1997 - "Carcinoma of the prostate in the United States has increased dramatically in the last few years due to improved detection methods including prostatic specific antigen testing and transrectal ultrasound. " 12/01/2015 - "Moreover, the high mutational burden of urothelial carcinoma may create numerous neo-antigens that may explain the very promising results with immune checkpoint inhibitors in early phase clinical trials. " 07/01/2002 - "Against tumor cell lines with varying levels of BR96 expression, both conjugates showed potent, antigen-specific cytotoxic activity, suggesting that they will be effective in delivering DOX selectively to antigen-expressing carcinomas." 09/01/2000 - "To optimize our immunohistochemical evaluation of breast carcinomas, we compared the efficacy of these methods of antigen recovery for several important antigens. " 01/01/1994 - "The antigen phenotype of the carcinoma cell will play an important role in the efficacy of the MAbs. "
9.	HormonesIBA 04/01/1982 - " The prognosis for breast carcinoma developing in hormone users is improved, most likely because of an earlier detection. " 02/01/2012 - "In the group of all 3,896 (84.0%) patients with hormone-receptor-positive (HR+) breast carcinomas a significant reduction in RFS was demonstrated for those who were obese (P = 0.002; HR = 1.45 (95% CI: 1.15-1.83)), also after adjustment for Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) (P = 0.028; HR = 1.30 (95% CI: 1.03-1.65)). " 05/01/2004 - "Statistical correlations were sought with clinicopathological variables (including hormone receptor status) and disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in a well documented series of 181 invasive breast carcinomas. " 01/01/1994 - "The unavailability of effective treatment for metastatic hormone-refractory and clinically localized but pathologically unfavorable prostatic carcinoma warrants trial of new and promising treatments. " 01/01/1992 - "The unavailability of effective treatment of metastatic hormone refractory prostatic carcinoma warrants trials of new and promising treatments. "
10.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 04/01/2011 - "In conclusion, our results suggest that methyltransferase inhibitors in combination with antiprogestins may be effective in the treatment of constitutive-resistant carcinomas with a high DNA methyltransferase level." 09/01/1995 - "The prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA is significantly greater in carcinoma of the penis than in control tissue. " 12/01/1976 - "The high rate of false negative and false positive results (11.4% and 29.7%, respectively) argues against using flow-through photometric nuclear DNA determination for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma." 09/01/2013 - "Combination of p16 protein and HPV-DNA status detection may help to more accurately stratify oropharyngeal carcinomas and predict their prognosis." 08/01/2008 - "Our findings suggested that HPV genotyping for the eight oncogenic types might be useful to improve the efficacy of HPV DNA testing for predicting CIN 2/3/carcinoma in women with mildly abnormal Pap results, which may lead to personalized clinical management with improved patient compliance for follow-up."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/2010 - "The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of chemotherapy for unresectable high-grade non-small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (HNSCNEC) called by us, which likely includes most LCNECs except for combined types, and to compare the efficacy of chemotherapy for HNSCNEC, with that for extended disease SCLC (ED-SCLC). " 10/01/2006 - "Chemotherapy may be more effective in highly proliferative ovarian carcinomas--a translational research subprotocol of a prospective randomized phase III study (AGO-OVAR 3 protocol)." 04/01/1999 - "The results of the current study indicate that a weekly PFB/ME neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen is highly effective for the treatment of patients with oral carcinoma. " 08/01/1998 - "In small controlled trials, systemic chemotherapy has improved survival and quality of life of patients with advanced gastric carcinoma when compared with best supportive care. " 06/01/1993 - "However, current studies with conventional chemotherapy, radiation and surgery are likely to impart at best a modest to moderate improvement in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. "
2.	Radiotherapy 01/01/2015 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone in elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma to identify the best method of treatment. " 01/01/2014 - "A rare case of eyelid carcinoma spreading and engulfing the whole of globe which was treated by orbital exenteration and postoperative radiotherapy is presented with a disease-free follow-up of 10 months which, considering its size, is extremely rare. " 06/14/2003 - "Given that CO2-laser decortication and radiotherapy are equally effective in the treatment of T1a glottic carcinomas, to determine which of the two is most efficient with respect to treatment costs. " 07/01/2000 - "Nevertheless, the best treatment for T1 and T2 glottic carcinoma, whether an open neck procedure, endoscopy or radiotherapy, with reference to recurrence, survival, and functional results, has long been debated. " 04/01/2000 - "Radiotherapy is a highly effective treatment of skin carcinomas of the face. "
3.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation) 01/01/2010 - "The future perspective of complete resection, made possible by application of intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF), led to the development and validation of a bioluminescent colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis xenograft rat model to act as the gold standard for the evaluation of new optical imaging modalities. " 02/01/1993 - "Furthermore, treatment with a total dose of only 0.44 mg of ICR62 was found to induce complete remission of xenografts of the breast carcinoma MDA-MB 468, but ICR16 was less effective at this dose of antibody and only 4/8 tumours regressed completely. " 01/01/2013 - "Furthermore, the enediyne-energized fusion protein ES-LDP-AE demonstrated significant efficacy against lung carcinoma xenograft in athymic mice. " 08/19/2002 - "Of the analogues examined, ER-35745, a 6-amino-3-pyridinesulfonamide derivative, demonstrated significant oral efficacy against the HCT116 human colon carcinoma xenograft in nude mice." 07/01/2014 - "In vivo, PTX-loaded nanogels presented remarkably higher antitumor efficacy against human colon carcinoma cells HT-29 xenograft nude mice model after intravenous administration. "
4.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy) 08/01/1986 - "Complete remission with combination chemotherapy in metastatic breast carcinoma." 02/01/1984 - "Ventilation/perfusion relations in patients with small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung, obtaining complete remission during combination chemotherapy." 07/01/1980 - "By polychemotherapy we achieved in 13 metastatasized carcinomas of the mamma 4 partial and one complete remission, in 15 inoperable lung tumours we achieved four times a standstill of the growth and a complete remission over two years, whereas the tumours of the gastro-intestinal tract could be influenced less clearly. " 03/01/1983 - "High-dose combination chemotherapy with ABMT seemed quite effective in advanced breast carcinoma and a similar approach in adjuvant setting has also been suggested." 01/01/2009 - "Combination chemotherapy with S-1/PTX/LNT can be an effective treatment for unresectable advanced gastric carcinoma."
5.	Lymph Node Excision (Lymph Node Dissection) 01/01/2006 - "The present study aimed to clarify the efficacy of extensive surgery, including pancreas head resection, for more complete lymphadenectomy in the treatment of gallbladder carcinoma. " 07/01/2002 - "Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy with wide lymph node dissection is an effective treatment for the selected patients with locally advanced gallbladder carcinoma with until pN2 disease, if curative resection is potentially feasible. " 12/01/2000 - "The results of this study indicate that a significant number of patients can be cured of esophageal carcinoma by extensive resection along with extended lymph node dissection even when the disease metastasizes to distant nodes." 09/01/2008 - "However, survival in patients with intermediate high-risk carcinomas who underwent lymphadenectomy (LNE) was not significantly improved as compared to those who did not. " 11/01/2005 - "Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLD) has been reported to be beneficial in terms of survival for locally advanced low rectal carcinoma. "