Carbohydrates

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

Also Known As:

Networked: 4088 relevant articles (100 outcomes, 347 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Hu, Frank B: 11 articles (10/2015 - 08/2004)
2.	Willett, Walter C: 11 articles (10/2015 - 03/2002)
3.	Astrup, Arne: 11 articles (01/2012 - 01/2002)
4.	Astrup, A: 9 articles (05/2015 - 03/2000)
5.	Johnson, Richard J: 9 articles (02/2015 - 10/2007)
6.	La Vecchia, Carlo: 9 articles (04/2014 - 10/2004)
7.	Layman, Donald K: 8 articles (07/2014 - 01/2003)
8.	Fukuda, Minoru: 8 articles (04/2012 - 10/2002)
9.	Overvad, Kim: 7 articles (02/2015 - 01/2005)
10.	Romieu, Isabelle: 7 articles (02/2015 - 08/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Weight Loss (Weight Reduction) 01/01/2003 - "Diets with a reduced ratio of carbohydrates/protein are reported to be beneficial for weight loss, although diet studies appear to lack a fundamental hypothesis to support higher protein intakes. " 11/01/2010 - "Two types of relatively high-protein diets, with a normal or low proportion of carbohydrates, have been shown effective for weight loss. " 12/01/2004 - "Evidence is accumulating that diets with reduced carbohydrates and increased levels of high quality protein are effective for weight loss. " 10/25/2004 - "Compared with the NCEP diet, the MLC diet, which is lower in total carbohydrates but higher in complex carbohydrates, protein, and monounsaturated fat, caused significantly greater weight loss over 12 weeks. " 03/01/2009 - "Diets with increased protein and reduced carbohydrates (PRO) are effective for weight loss, but the long-term effect on maintenance is unknown. "
2.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 03/01/2013 - "Improved metabolic phenotypes in prefattened DIO mice following provision of a diet enriched with dairy-based protein and carbohydrates appeared to be driven by non-Ca components of dairy and were observed despite minimal differences in body weight or adiposity." 01/01/2014 - "In this study we tried to estimate the intakes of various sugars by children in Cambodia and Japan and to determine the relationship between intake and body weight. " 11/01/2013 - "This article describes the design, methods, and baseline characteristics of study participants enrolled in Pro-HEART, a randomized clinical trial to determine the short term and long term effects of a high protein diet (30% protein [~110 g/day], 40% carbohydrates [150 g/day], 30% fat [~50 g/day]) versus a standard protein diet (15% protein [~55 g/day], 55% carbohydrates [~200 g/day], 30% fat [~50 g/day]) on body weight and adiposity, cardiac structure and function, functional status, lipid profile, glycemic control, and quality of life. " 03/01/2011 - "The present article reviews the conclusions from recent reviews and meta-analyses on the effects of different starches and sugars on body weight management and metabolic disturbances, and provides an update of the most recent studies on this topic. " 03/01/2009 - "We conclude that (i) there is insufficient evidence that an exchange of sugar for non-sugar carbohydrates in the context of a reduced-fat ad libitum diet or energy-restricted diet results in lower body weights; (ii) observational studies suggest a possible relationship between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and body weight, but there is currently insufficient supporting evidence from randomized controlled trials of sufficient size and duration; (iii) at this moment there is insufficient evidence to support a difference between liquid and solid sugar intake in body-weight control and (iv) there is some, although not consistent, evidence for a lower body weight on diets with a lower GL, but the effect is likely to be small. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2001 - "Recently, transfection of genes encoding various glysosyltransferases gene in sense and antisense orientation helped to bring direct evidence that changes in cell surface carbohydrates are important for the metastatic behavior of tumor cells. " 09/01/1983 - "A number of simple sugars have been tested and found to be effective in blocking lysis of YAC-1 tumor target cells by nonimmune murine natural killer (NK) effector cells. " 12/01/2014 - "Assuming the calibrated sugars biomarker is unbiased, this analysis suggests that measuring the biomarker in a subsample of the study population for calibration purposes may be necessary for obtaining unbiased risk estimates in cancer association studies." 01/28/2014 - "Dietary intake of carbohydrates and risk of type 2 diabetes: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study." 01/01/2012 - "Sugars in diet and risk of cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study."
4.	Obesity 01/01/2006 - "2. Dietary treatment consisting in the lowering of energetic value of the diet through the reduction of fat consumption and quantity and quality changes with respect to carbohydrates consumption decreased the children's obesity, and was more effective in the older age group (7-15 yrs). " 10/01/2014 - "Media campaigns about sugary drinks and obesity may be effective for raising awareness about added sugars in beverages, increasing knowledge about health problems associated with excessive sugar consumption, and prompting behavioral intentions to reduce soda and sugary drink consumption." 03/01/2015 - "In total, these studies highlight the need for an examination into the relative importance of diet and oral health on caries, as increases are observed in population obesity and consumption of sugars." 03/01/2015 - "The current high intake of added sugars increases obesity which, in turn, raises BP. Recent studies also suggest that added sugars, particularly those in soft drinks, may have a direct effect on BP. However, the relationship between soft drink consumption and BP could be, at least partially, mediated by the effect of salt intake on increasing soft drink consumption. " 12/01/2014 - "Studies focused on SSAs specifically have reported associations with age, female sex, smoking, obesity, diabetes, and possibly diets high in fat, carbohydrates, and calories. "
5.	Insulin Resistance 12/01/2005 - "Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, fiber, simple sugars, and insulin resistance: the Inter99 Study: response to Lau et al." 06/01/2005 - "Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, fiber, simple sugars, and insulin resistance: the Inter99 study." 09/01/1986 - "The purpose of the present study was to determine whether exercise training and a diet high in carbohydrates could function synergistically to reduce the muscle insulin resistance in the obese Zucker rat. " 12/01/2015 - "The increasing consumption of low-fibre and refined carbohydrates is thought to be related to the increased risk of insulin resistance syndrome. " 06/01/2014 - "The carbohydrates increased the beta-cell function as a compensatory response to the disposition index, resulting in a smaller reduction in surgery-induced insulin resistance compared to the tap water. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Insulin (Novolin)
2.	Glucose (Dextrose)
3.	Lipids
4.	Fats
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
6.	Cholesterol
7.	Fatty Acids (Saturated Fatty Acids)
8.	Glycoproteins (Glycoprotein)
9.	Antibodies
10.	Starch (Cornstarch)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Caloric Restriction
2.	Radioimmunotherapy
3.	Hepatectomy
4.	Fat-Restricted Diet (Diet, Fat Restricted)
5.	Fluid Therapy (Oral Rehydration Therapy)