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Marijuana Abuse (Cannabis Abuse)

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The excessive use of marijuana with associated psychological symptoms and impairment in social or occupational functioning.

Also Known As:

Cannabis Abuse; Marihuana Abuse; Abuse, Cannabis; Abuse, Hashish; Abuse, Marihuana; Abuse, Marijuana; Cannabis Related Disorder; Dependence, Cannabis; Dependence, Marijuana; Disorder, Cannabis-Related; Cannabis Dependence; Cannabis-Related Disorder; Hashish Abuse; Marijuana Dependence

Networked: 310 relevant articles (23 outcomes, 68 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Marijuana Abuse (Cannabis Abuse)
2.	Substance-Related Disorders (Drug Abuse)
3.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
4.	Cocaine-Related Disorders (Cocaine Addiction)
5.	Depressive Disorder (Melancholia)

Experts

1.	Levin, Frances R: 13 articles (07/2014 - 04/2004)
2.	Lynskey, Michael T: 8 articles (11/2015 - 01/2003)
3.	Bucholz, Kathleen K: 8 articles (04/2014 - 12/2002)
4.	Haney, Margaret: 8 articles (11/2013 - 01/2004)
5.	Agrawal, Arpana: 7 articles (11/2015 - 06/2008)
6.	Heath, Andrew C: 7 articles (11/2015 - 12/2002)
7.	Brady, Kathleen T: 7 articles (11/2015 - 09/2006)
8.	Goldberg, Steven R: 7 articles (05/2014 - 09/2003)
9.	Degenhardt, Louisa: 6 articles (11/2015 - 07/2007)
10.	Mariani, John J: 6 articles (07/2014 - 01/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Marijuana Abuse:

1.	Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2011 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dronabinol, a synthetic form of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, a naturally occurring pharmacologically active component of marijuana, in treating cannabis dependence. " 01/01/2010 - "In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial to determine the efficacy of dronabinol in cannabis dependence, all 117 patients produced a positive urine for the marijuana metabolite 11-nor-Delta(9)-THC-9-carboxylic acid; THC-COOH, but 50% had an undetectable (<1 ng/ml) THCV-COOH test. " 07/01/2011 - "Dronabinol for the treatment of cannabis dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." 06/01/2014 - "The analysis of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) and its main metabolites [11-hydroxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-delta9-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol] in serum is a routine assay in forensic toxicology in the case of drivers influenced by Cannabis abuse and in other cases. " 05/07/2014 - "These results show that selectively blocking presynaptic A2A receptors could provide a new pharmacological approach to the treatment of marijuana dependence and underscore corticostriatal glutamatergic neurotransmission as a possible main mechanism involved in the rewarding effects of THC. "
2.	Buspirone (Buspar)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2009 - "The present study investigated the potential efficacy of buspirone for treating marijuana dependence. " 01/01/2011 - "Buspirone is the only medication to date that has shown efficacy for cannabis dependence in a controlled clinical trial. " 11/01/2015 - "Buspirone treatment of cannabis dependence: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial." 11/01/2009 - "A placebo-controlled trial of buspirone for the treatment of marijuana dependence." 09/01/2006 - "Buspirone for treatment of marijuana dependence: a pilot study."
3.	gabapentin (Neurontin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2012 - "This POC pilot study provides preliminary support for the safety and efficacy of gabapentin for treatment of cannabis dependence that merits further study, and provides an alternative conceptual framework for treatment of addiction aimed at restoring homeostasis in brain stress systems that are dysregulated in drug dependence and withdrawal." 12/01/2013 - "One placebo-controlled pilot study found gabapentin beneficial for cannabis dependence, but several controlled studies found no benefit for cocaine or methamphetamine dependence. " 06/01/2012 - "We conducted a phase IIa proof-of-concept pilot study to examine the safety and efficacy of a calcium channel/GABA modulating drug, gabapentin, for the treatment of cannabis dependence. "
4.	Cocaine (Cocaine HCl)IBA 04/01/2014 - "The studies analyzed suggest a potential role for NAC in the treatment of addiction, especially of cocaine and cannabis dependence. " 07/01/2007 - "In this study, demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals presenting for medication trials for the treatment of cocaine or marijuana dependence were compared. " 01/01/2004 - "The main purpose of this study was to compare, separately by gender, the degree to which cocaine use/abuse, marijuana use/ abuse, and alcohol use/abuse each predict to developing either: a state of depression, or a negative self-image, or a negative personal outlook or for making a suicidal attempt. " 08/01/1989 - "No studies have demonstrated a genetic or familial disposition to cocaine and marijuana dependence. " 11/01/2013 - "These findings indicate that mindfulness training can be tolerably and feasibly extended to the individual psychotherapy setting for the treatment of cocaine or cannabis dependence."
5.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 12/01/2013 - "The inclusion criteria for the study group were; co-morbid diagnosis of cannabis dependence according to DSM-IV TR criteria, positive urine drug screen for cannabis, and at least one biochemical or hematological examination report during the treatment period. " 05/01/2010 - "This study evaluated the prediction that coping motives for marijuana use would mediate the relation between anxiety sensitivity and a marijuana dependence diagnosis after controlling for other co-occurring marijuana use motives. " 10/01/2006 - "The purpose of this study was to present 12-month and lifetime estimates of the prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and psychiatric co-morbidity of DSM-IV cannabis abuse and dependence. " 04/01/2006 - "Unfortunately, there exists no controlled treatment study up to now that considered a relevant psychiatric co-morbidity, which usually accompany cannabis-dependence. " 01/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to assess co-morbidity between cannabis dependence and psychiatric disorders in a community sample of Southwest California (SWC) Indians. "
6.	Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "Methamphetamine and cannabis abuse in adolescence: a quasi-experimental study on specific and long-term neurocognitive effects." 01/01/2015 - "Methamphetamine abuse with cannabis abuse is associated with significantly more neurocognitive impairment than methamphetamine abuse alone, and such deficits may be enduring." 01/01/2015 - "We compared neurocognitive function between adolescents with 'pure' methamphetamine abuse, those with comorbid methamphetamine and cannabis abuse, and healthy controls at baseline and follow-up. " 08/01/2005 - "Differences in regional brain metabolism associated with marijuana abuse in methamphetamine abusers." 11/11/2004 - "We examined three groups that did not differ significantly on important demographic factors: (1) subjects with a history of methamphetamine dependence and history of marijuana abuse/dependence (METH+/MJ+, n=27); (2) methamphetamine dependent subjects without history of marijuana abuse/dependence (METH+/MJ-, n=26); (3) a control group with minimal or no drug use (n=41). "
7.	Bupropion (Wellbutrin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2001 - "These data suggest that bupropion does not show promise as a potential treatment medication for marijuana dependence." 01/01/2009 - "The present study investigated the efficacy of nefazodone and bupropion-sustained release for treating cannabis dependence. " 01/01/2009 - "The results indicate nefazodone and bupropion-sustained release may have limited efficacy in treating cannabis dependence." 01/01/2009 - "A preliminary trial: double-blind comparison of nefazodone, bupropion-SR, and placebo in the treatment of cannabis dependence." 01/01/2009 - "A double-blind, placebo-controlled, piggy back design was employed to assess if nefazodone and bupropion-sustained release increased the probability of abstinence from cannabis and reduced the severity of cannabis dependence and cannabis withdrawal symptoms during a 13-week outpatient treatment program. "
8.	Fluoxetine (Prozac)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2010 - "Subjects were recruited from among participants in our double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in comorbid youth with cannabis dependence/major depression. " 11/01/2010 - "This study compared the acute phase (12-week) efficacy of fluoxetine versus placebo for the treatment of the depressive symptoms and the cannabis use of adolescents and young adults with comorbid major depression (MDD) and a cannabis use disorder (CUD) (cannabis dependence or cannabis abuse). "
9.	BenzodiazepinesIBA 09/01/2014 - "There were no randomized controlled trials found in opioid-related disorder, benzodiazepines-related disorder, and cannabis-related disorder. " 07/01/2011 - "He had a history of alcohol and benzodiazepine dependence as well as cannabis abuse. " 01/01/2008 - "Individuals having manic symptoms were at significantly greater risk for the later onset of alcohol abuse/dependence, cannabis use and abuse/dependence, and benzodiazepine use and abuse/dependence. " 04/21/2004 - "PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane database search (1970-2003), using the keywords antidepressant treatment or treatment depressed in conjunction with each of the following alcohol dependence, benzodiazepine dependence, opiate dependence, cocaine dependence, marijuana dependence, and methadone; a search of bibliographies; and consultation with experts in the field. " 07/01/2013 - "Further, those that met criteria for marijuana abuse or dependence were more likely than those who did not meet criteria to test positive for THC, cocaine, and benzodiazepines and THC, cocaine, and opioids, respectively. "
10.	Baclofen FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2014 - "A case report using baclofen is presented and provides preliminary support for the use of baclofen in the management of cannabis dependence. " 02/01/2014 - "We think that the clinical utility of baclofen for cannabis dependence is a reasonable approach. " 02/01/2014 - "Baclofen in the management of cannabis dependence syndrome." 08/01/2010 - "Baclofen in cannabis dependence syndrome." 08/01/2010 - "Overall, this human laboratory study did not find evidence to suggest that either baclofen or mirtazapine showed promise for the potential treatment of marijuana dependence."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2004 - "Given the lack of proven effective treatments for marijuana dependence, pharmacotherapies should be sought. " 06/01/2015 - "Cognitive performance in a placebo-controlled pharmacotherapy trial for youth with marijuana dependence." 01/15/2011 - "This study compared the quantity and assigned-dollar value among users of blunts, joints, and pipes enrolled in two clinical trials testing pharmacotherapies for marijuana dependence. " 09/01/2007 - "We also review pertinent dual-diagnosis pharmacotherapy trials and discuss potential future directions in treatment research for the pharmacotherapy of cannabis dependence." 09/01/2007 - "In addition, we review the only two clinical pharmacotherapy trials for cannabis dependence as well as the pre-clinical laboratory pharmacotherapy trials in cannabis dependent individuals. "
2.	Self Medication 02/01/1992 - "The results suggest that the consumption of cannabis by schizophrenic patients could attenuate negative symptoms, which would support the self-medication hypothesis of cannabis abuse." 01/01/2003 - "The absence of any link between the scores for the subscales of the PANSS and cannabis abuse, both in our study and in some retrospective previous studies, is not suggestive of cannabis abuse as a self-medication of positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia. "
3.	Condoms (Condom) 10/01/2013 - "The current study examined the relationships among marijuana dependence, a theoretical model of condom use intentions, and subsequent condom use behavior in justice-involved adolescents. " 10/01/2013 - "Findings suggest that the theoretical model of condom use intentions is equally valid regardless of marijuana dependence status, suggesting that interventions to reduce sexual risk behavior among both marijuana dependent and non-dependent justice-involved adolescents can be appropriately based on the model." 10/01/2013 - "Marijuana dependence did not significantly influence the relationships between model constructs, nor did it moderate the relationship of model constructs with subsequent condom use. " 10/01/2013 - "Relationships between marijuana dependence and condom use intentions and behavior among justice-involved adolescents."
4.	Therapeutics 07/01/2014 - "Cannabis is widely abused, and efficacies of therapeutics for cannabis dependence remain suboptimal. " 07/01/2010 - "These results suggest that cannabinoid and noncannabinoid (alpha(2)-adrenergic) agonists are potentially useful therapeutics for marijuana dependence inasmuch as they attenuate the subjective experience of Delta(9)-THC withdrawal."
5.	Self Administration (Administration, Self) 06/01/2005 - "Self-administration of THC by squirrel monkeys provides the most reliable animal model for human marijuana abuse available to date. " 09/01/2003 - "THC can act as an effective reinforcer of drug-taking behavior in monkeys with no history of exposure to other drugs, suggesting that self-administration of THC by monkeys provides a reliable animal model of human marijuana abuse."