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Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

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Infection of the VULVA and VAGINA with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA.

Also Known As:

Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Monilial Vaginitides; Monilial Vaginitis; Vaginitides, Monilial; Vulvovaginal Candidiases; Vulvovaginal Moniliases; Vulvovaginal Moniliasis; Moniliasis, Vulvovaginal; Vaginitis, Monilial

Networked: 315 relevant articles (38 outcomes, 60 trials/studies)

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Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Bacterial Vaginosis
3.	Candidiasis (Moniliasis)
4.	Vaginitis
5.	Invasive Candidiasis

Experts

1.	Witkin, Steven S: 7 articles (11/2015 - 09/2002)
2.	Sobel, Jack D: 7 articles (01/2014 - 07/2002)
3.	Ledger, William J: 6 articles (08/2015 - 09/2002)
4.	Linhares, Iara M: 5 articles (11/2015 - 05/2005)
5.	Giraldo, Paulo C: 4 articles (11/2015 - 05/2007)
6.	Banerjee, Uma: 4 articles (06/2011 - 02/2006)
7.	Goswami, Ravinder: 4 articles (06/2011 - 02/2006)
8.	Fan, Shangrong: 3 articles (06/2015 - 01/2015)
9.	Fan, S R: 3 articles (04/2008 - 06/2007)
10.	Liu, X P: 3 articles (04/2008 - 06/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Vulvovaginal Candidiasis:

1.	Fluconazole (Zonal)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2015 - "A single oral 150 mg dose of fluconazole demonstrated excellent therapeutic efficacy and was well tolerated in Japanese subjects with vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 08/26/2004 - "Weekly treatment with fluconazole was effective in preventing symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 01/01/2012 - "This study demonstrated that complementary treatment with probiotic Lactobacillus increased the efficacy of fluconazole in treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 03/01/2009 - "Improved treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with fluconazole plus probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14." 11/01/2006 - "The introduction and widespread use of long-term maintenance suppressive fluconazole prophylaxis for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) has improved the quality of life for thousands of women worldwide. "
2.	Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1986 - "The findings indicate that a single 500-mg tablet of clotrimazole is as effective and safe in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis as a three-day course of 200 mg/day." 08/01/1985 - "Efficacy of single- versus multiple-dose clotrimazole therapy in the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis." 01/01/1978 - "An open trial of local clotrimazole therapy in 56 pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis is reported. " 10/01/2013 - "The pathology of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by Candida albicans is associated with a nonprotective inflammatory response and is frequently treated with clotrimazole. " 04/01/1994 - "To determine the comparative efficacy and cost benefit of prophylactic monthly (perimenstrual) clotrimazole, versus empiric self-treatment with the same agent at the onset of symptoms in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. "
3.	Itraconazole (Sporanox)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1997 - "To evaluate the efficacy of one-day, intermittent, monthly prophylaxis with 400 mg itraconazole in the management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 07/01/2013 - "Prophylactic strategies in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a 2-year study testing a phytonutrient vs itraconazole." 02/01/1997 - "In a randomized trial, 57 patients and 57 controls with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis were assigned either to receive one-day monthly itraconazole prophylaxis for six months or no treatment. " 12/01/1991 - "[Preliminary clinical study of the use of itraconazole in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis]." 05/01/2007 - "Therefore itraconazole can be a preparation of choice when treating vulvovaginal candidiasis, which agents are the Candida genus fungi being resistant to other antimycotics."
4.	Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies (Vaginal Tablet)IBA 01/01/1983 - "A comparison of the efficacy of two vaginal creams for vulvovaginal candidiasis, and correlations with the presence of Candida species in the perianal area and oral contraceptive use." 03/01/2013 - "Our results show that vaginal cream, 1% Lamisil, could be suggested as a first-line treatment in vulvovaginal candidiasis." 01/01/2015 - "Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the effects of vaginal cream, mixture of yogurt and honey and comparing it with clotrimazole vaginal cream on symptoms of Vulvovaginal candidiasis in patients. " 05/01/2000 - "To determine the efficacy and safety of a single-dose (1200 mg) soft gel insert (vaginal ovule) with miconazole nitrate (2%) topical cream compared with Monistat 7 (miconazole nitrate 2%) Vaginal Cream (Advanced Care Products, North Brunswick NJ) in treating vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), two randomized, single-blind, multicenter, controlled, comparative phase III studies were performed. " 08/01/1985 - "Single-dose treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with a 500 mg clotrimazole vaginal tablet was compared to 3-day treatment with two 100 mg vaginal tablets administered daily in 115 patients enrolled in a double-blind trial, 101 of whom were evaluated for efficacy. "
5.	butoconazole (Femstat)FDA Link 11/01/1999 - "Butoconazole 1-BSR rapidly relieved the signs and symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 04/01/1988 - "Patient acceptance of a new, compact, prefilled disposable vaginal applicator was tested in an open study in which 2% butoconazole cream was used for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 11/01/1999 - "Butoconazole nitrate 2% for vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 05/01/1988 - "[Butoconazole nitrate in vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 07/04/1986 - "Butoconazole for vulvovaginal candidiasis."
6.	Miconazole (Monistat)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2005 - "Safety and efficacy of bedtime versus daytime administration of the miconazole nitrate 1200 mg vaginal ovule insert to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis." 08/01/2005 - "To determine the clinical manifestations of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and to study the mycologic eradication rate of different miconazole treatment courses for VVC. " 05/01/2000 - "Single-dose miconazole nitrate vaginal ovule in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis: two single-blind, controlled studies versus miconazole nitrate 100 mg cream for 7 days." 02/01/1979 - "A randomized multiregimen clinical study was undertaken using Monistat Cream for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 08/01/1977 - "A carefully conducted study with reduced regimens of Monistat cream (miconazole nitrate 2%) was undertaken to compare the therapeutic cure rates in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis on Monistat cream for 7, 10 and 14 days. "
7.	Ketoconazole (Nizoral)FDA LinkGeneric 02/02/1985 - "In a preliminary open prospective study ketoconazole (Nizoral; Janssen) 200 mg twice daily for 5 consecutive days was found to be extremely effective in treating vulvovaginal candidiasis, producing cure rates of 96% at 7 days and 92% at 28 days. " 12/04/1986 - "It appears that maintenance prophylactic therapy with oral ketoconazole is effective in preventing recurrent episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis, but that relapse is common after withdrawal of the drug. " 03/01/1985 - "Maintenance prophylactic therapy with oral ketoconazole appears effective in preventing recurrent episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis." 01/01/2013 - "An exploratory clinical, randomized, double-blind, and controlled ketoconazole study of ketoconazole was conducted with the aim of assessing the effectiveness and tolerability of an herbal medicinal product containing SC-2, on women with Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). " 12/04/1986 - "In a prospective, placebo-controlled study, 74 women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis were treated with oral ketoconazole (400 mg daily for two weeks) and were then randomly assigned to receive placebo (Group A), prophylactic ketoconazole, 400 mg daily for five days beginning with the onset of menses for six menstrual cycles (Group B), or low-dose ketoconazole, 100 mg daily for six months (Group C). "
8.	Econazole FDA LinkGeneric 10/15/1976 - "Three-day therapy of vulvovaginal candidiasis with econazole: a multicentric study comprising 996 cases." 01/01/2009 - "In patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis, sertaconazole as a single-dose ovule or tablet was effective in the eradication of Candida spp., and achieved both a more rapid and a higher cure rate compared with a triple dose of econazole. " 09/01/1990 - "In a randomized, single-blind, parallel study the safety and efficacy of 2% butoconazole nitrate cream used for 3 days were compared with those of 1% econazole nitrate cream used for 7 days at night in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 09/01/1990 - "A comparison of butoconazole nitrate cream with econazole nitrate cream for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis." 07/01/1980 - "The therapeutic effectiveness of econazole and clotrimazole was evaluated in 178 women with clinical symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis and positive laboratory findings for Candida. "
9.	terbinafine (Lamisil)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2006 - "However, terbinafine could not be suggested as a first-line treatment in Vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 07/01/2006 - "Systemic use of terbinafine in larger numbers of cases may give more information about the effectiveness of this drug in the treatment of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis." 03/01/2013 - "Our results show that vaginal cream, 1% Lamisil, could be suggested as a first-line treatment in vulvovaginal candidiasis." 03/01/2013 - "Lamisil versus clotrimazole in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis." 07/01/2006 - "Terbinafine could be an alternative treatment option in Vulvovaginal candidiasis because there were no significant differences in the clinical and overall cure rates among 3 antifungal agents. "
10.	Suppositories (Vaginal Suppositories)IBA 09/01/1990 - "The results of several European clinical trials have shown both terconazole cream and suppositories to be effective and safe in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 10/01/2007 - "Prolonged (3-month) mycological cure rate after boric acid suppositories in diabetic women with vulvovaginal candidiasis." 02/01/1986 - "Three-day treatment with butoconazole vaginal suppositories for vulvovaginal candidiasis." 01/01/1977 - "The short-term treatment (3 days) of mycologically demonstrated vulvovaginal candidiasis with econazole vaginal suppositories 150 mg was tested in a population of 194 women. " 06/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a 6-day course of a terconazole vaginal suppository (80 mg) with two doses of oral fluconazole (150 mg) for the treatment of severe vulvovaginal candidiasis (SVVC). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Complementary Therapies (Alternative Medicine) 03/01/2014 - "Garlic is effective against Candida species in vitro, and along with other alternative therapies, is used by women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. " 08/01/2012 - "Use of complementary and alternative medicine in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis--results of a practitioner survey." 04/01/2011 - "A current diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis was not associated with alternative medicine use. "
2.	Intrauterine Devices (Intrauterine Device) 02/01/2010 - "Biofilm formation on intrauterine devices in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis." 05/01/2008 - "The in vitro adherence of Candida albicans isolated from vaginal exudates of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) to intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) and biofilm formation capacity were evaluated. " 03/01/2015 - "Can intrauterine contraceptive devices lead to VulvoVaginal Candidiasis (VVC) and Anemia in Iranian new users?" 02/01/2010 - "The present study was carried out to analyze the presence of biofilm on the surface of intrauterine devices in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, and to determine the susceptibility profile of the isolated yeasts to amphotericin B and fluconazole. "
3.	Hormone Replacement Therapy (Therapy, Hormone Replacement) 10/01/2011 - ": This study aimed to explore the role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in susceptibility to vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in a private vulval disease referral practice. " 10/01/2011 - "Vulvovaginal candidiasis in postmenopausal women: the role of hormone replacement therapy." 07/01/2002 - "Cases were more likely than either friend or population controls to report (ORs from population controls) a history of vulvovaginal candidiasis (OR = 4.40, 95% CI 2.24, 8.65), bacterial vaginosis (OR = 25.58, 95% CI 15.91, 41.15), or pelvic inflammatory disease (OR = 16.90, 95% CI 8.26, 34.55); use of oral contraceptives (OR = 4.91, 95% CI 2.11, 11.43); use of hormone replacement therapy (OR = 4.74, 95% CI 2.69, 8.37); and laparoscopic procedures (OR = 22.24, 95% CI 11.46, 42.69). "
4.	Prenatal Care 04/01/1994 - "In this study the frequency of STD between the pregnant women of the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, in 19 months period, was 7.3 per 100 patients in prenatal care; being vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, Ureaplasma urealyticum infection, condyloma acuminatum and Chlamydia trachomatis infection the most commonly diagnosed diseases. "
5.	Hysterectomy 07/16/2005 - "The purpose of our study was to investigate in post-menopausal patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis the effect of hysterectomy on response to treatment, the type of colonization and the recurrence rates after treatment. "