Cadmium Poisoning (Itai Itai)

09/01/2014 - "Thus, ovariectomized monkeys chronically exposed to cadmium can serve as a primate itai-itai disease model, which is beneficial for developing novel therapeutic methods, investigating the mechanisms of the renal and bone lesions, and establishing more clearly defined criteria for diagnosing the disease. "
05/14/1990 - "Some of these compounds provide promise for development of a useful and safe therapeutic chelating agent which can be used for the assessment of cadmium body burden and for preventive removal of cadmium as well as for use in overt cadmium poisoning in humans."
03/01/2009 - "The aim of this study was to clarify whether consumption of cadmium (Cd)-polluted rice or Jinzu River water exerted any influence on the occurrence of renal tubular dysfunction and/or Itai-itai disease. "
01/01/2009 - "This study was undertaken to estimate the amount of cadmium (Cd) exposure needed for the development of Itai-itai disease and the influence of using Jinzu River water for drinking and/or cooking on its development. "
06/01/2006 - "This study was initiated to examine if exposure to cadmium (Cd) was high also outside of the previously identified Itai-itai disease endemic region in the Jinzu River basin in Toyama prefecture in Japan. "

04/01/1977 - "[Zinc protection against cadmium poisoning]."
02/01/1984 - "Zinc levels in the serum of the "itai-itai" patients were somewhat lower than those of the nonexposed women. "
12/01/1979 - "The effect of chronic excess zinc administration on the haversian bone remodelling system and its possible relationship to "Itai-Itai" disease."
12/01/2011 - "In zinc powder finishing, the low-concentration cadmium exposure could cause the occupational cadmium poisoning, the comprehensive protection measures can reduce the occupational cadmium poisoning. "
12/08/2006 - "We found that zinc, previously reported as a protective agent against cadmium poisoning, is actually much less efficient than manganese. "

04/01/1999 - "These chelating agents were found to be effective in both acute and repeated exposure cadmium poisoning. "
12/01/1978 - "An examination has been made of the relative effectiveness of three chelating agents in reducing lethality in acute cadmium poisoning. "
12/01/1978 - "The relative effectiveness of some chelating agents as antidotes in acute cadmium poisoning."
01/01/1960 - "[Complexons in experimental cadmium poisoning]."
11/04/1965 - "[Effects of chelating agents on the excretion of cadmium in cadmium poisoning]."

01/01/1978 - "[Radioisotopic study of calcium metabolism in the rat during chronic cadmium poisoning]."
02/01/1966 - "Experimental study on the chronic cadmium poisoning in relation to calcium deficiency."
12/01/2002 - "The occurrence of itai-itai disease is thought to be affected by such factors as pregnancy, lactation, hormonal disorders, aging, and calcium deficiency. "
01/01/1987 - "The influence of optimum (0.6%), excessive (2.4%) and insufficient calcium content in the ration on the course of cadmium poisoning was studied in a chronic experiment on rats. "
01/01/1987 - "[Effect of calcium content of the diet on the course of cadmium poisoning]."

01/01/1946 - "Studies on incisor pigmentation in relation to liver iron and blood picture in the white rat; the relation between cadmium poisoning and iron metabolism."
03/01/1991 - "Therefore, stainable bone iron is another possible aggravating factor for osteopathy in itai-itai disease, and a synergistic effect between iron and Cd on mineralization is proposed."
03/01/1991 - "X-ray microanalysis revealed the presence of iron at mineralization fronts in itai-itai disease. "
05/01/2007 - "However, an increase in body iron content along with anemia is often observed in cases of parenteral exposure or itai-itai disease. "
01/01/1955 - "Iron and liver administration in chronic cadmium poisoning and studies of the distribution and excretion of cadmium; experimental investigations in rabbits."

08/01/2002 - "In a previous study we have examined the genotype distributions of PvuII and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) gene in patients with itai-itai disease and compared them with those of controls. "
11/01/1999 - "In this study, we examined the genotypic distributions of PvuII and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the ERalpha gene in patients with itai-itai disease and compared them with those of control subjects. "
08/01/2002 - "No relationship exists between itai-itai disease and TA repeat polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor alpha gene."
11/01/1999 - "We conclude that RFLPs of the ERalpha gene may not be associated with itai-itai disease."
11/01/1999 - "Itai-itai disease is not associated with polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor alpha gene."

03/01/1984 - "beta 2-microglobulin in urine also correlated closely with renal function and age in slight to moderate cases of cadmium poisoning. "
06/01/1987 - "In itai-itai disease, the excretion of beta 2-microglobulin seems to be maximal, and urinary trehalase activity was low in the latter stages of the disease. "
05/01/1983 - "Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta 2-microglobulin in 'itai-itai' disease."
09/01/1986 - "N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) concentration were measured in the urine of inhabitants of a cadmium-polluted area (Cd), including patients with, or suspected, "itai-itai" disease and control subjects. "
05/01/1994 - "To clarify the significance of elevated serum total alkaline phosphatase activity (t-ALP) in persons exposed to environmental cadmium (Cd), the fraction of ALP originating from bone (b-ALP) was assayed using a wheat-germ agglutinin method in 23 men and 20 women in a Cd-polluted area who showed excessive urinary beta 2-microglobulin excretion, and in 21 men and 44 women in a non-polluted area, in addition to 7 patients with itai-itai disease. "

01/01/1988 - "[Changes in organ-specific enzymes under the influence of an enriched food ration in experimental cadmium poisoning]."
06/22/1979 - "Cadmium poisoning results in inhibition of non-specific enzymes. "
01/01/1967 - "[Disorders of protein and mineral metabolism as well as of some enzymes in acute experimental cadmium poisoning]."
01/01/1990 - "Combining these results with our previous finding that calmodulin does not have the ability to distinguish between calcium and cadmium, a mechanism of cadmium poisoning is suggested in which cadmium activates catecholamine synthesizing enzyme and numerous other enzymes through calmodulin-dependent systems, thereby disturbing many functions in the organism."
12/01/1987 - "Urinary trehalase activity and leucine aminopeptidase activity were parabolically correlated with urinary beta 2-microglobulin, and these enzymes were observed to be biphasic in relation to urinary beta 2-microglobulin when the study populations included patients of Itai-itai disease and inhabitants of a cadmium-polluted area. "

05/01/2007 - "Renal anemia is observed during the very last phase of chronic, severe Cd intoxication, such as itai-itai disease, showing a decrease in the production of erythropoietin from renal tubular cells. "
01/01/1996 - "We have recently reported that the serum level of erythropoietin (EPO) remained low despite the severe anemia in patients with Itai-itai disease, the most severe form of chronic Cd intoxication. "
01/01/1994 - "Hypoproduction of erythropoietin contributes to anemia in chronic cadmium intoxication: clinical study on Itai-itai disease in Japan."
10/01/2006 - "The concomitant manifestations of proximal renal tubular dysfunction and anemia with erythropoietin (Epo) deficiency observed in chronic cadmium (Cd) intoxication, such as Itai-itai disease, suggest a close local correlation between the Cd-targeted tubular cells and Epo-producing cells in the kidney. "
01/01/1994 - "In order to clarify the pathogenesis of the anemia, the red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, serum iron level, total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin level, serum erythropoietin level, creatinine clearance, fractional excretion of beta 2-microglobulin, and bone marrow morphology were determined in ten patients with Itai-itai disease. "

04/30/1997 - "At age 68 days, female mice were given nutrient-sufficient (+) or -deficient (-), purified diets containing either 0.25 (environmental), 5, or 50 ppm Cd as CdCl2; the nutritional composition of (-) diet simulated that of food consumed by Japanese victims of Itai-Itai disease. "
04/01/1992 - "Microanatomical changes attributable to cadmium poisoning have been observed in the various regions of the alimentary tract of Notopterus notopterus after exposure to sublethal concentrations (75.54 mg CdCl2 liter-1) of the metal. "
06/01/1979 - "An experimental study of the comparative effectiveness of single and mixed ligand chelates as antidotes for acute cadmium poisoning reveals few appreciable differences when the cadmium (as cadmium chloride or acetate) is administered ip. "

07/01/1971 - "[Experimental study on cadmium poisoning (1): dynamics of serum tocophenol in cadmium poisoning with special reference to the influence of castration]."

04/01/1982 - "Decreased effectiveness of chelation therapy with time after acute cadmium poisoning."
04/05/1979 - "Synergistic chelation therapy or mixed ligand complexes for plutonium and cadmium poisoning?"
09/01/2000 - "In conclusion, the administration of thiamine during chelation therapy in cadmium poisoning may be beneficial and more effective than thiol chelating agents alone, which needs to be confirmed in humans."

04/30/1997 - "As a simulation of the etiological factors known for Itai-Itai disease, a syndrome characterized by renal dysfunction and osteomalacia in its Japanese victims, female mice were subjected to the individual and combined stresses of dietary Cd, nutrient-deficient diet, multiparity and ovariectomy. "
04/30/1997 - "As a simulation of etiological factors known for Itai-Itai disease, female mice were subjected to the individual and combined stresses of dietary cadmium, nutrient-deficient diet, multiparity and ovariectomy. "
04/30/1997 - "As a simulation of the etiological factors known for Itai-Itai disease, a syndrome characterized by osteomalacia and renal dysfunction in its Japanese victims, female mice were subjected to the individual and combined stresses of dietary cadmium, nutrient-deficient diet, multiparity and ovariectomy; the calcium-depleting effect of each factor was evaluated by determining Ca levels in femur and lumbar vertebrae. "

10/01/2013 - "The clinical features of mild chronic cadmium poisoning induced by various causes are different, and active nutritional support therapy plays a positive role in improving prognosis."

04/01/1983 - "[Experience with the combined use of reflexotherapy and drugs in the individual manifestations of cadmium poisoning]."