C-Peptide

The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2442 relevant articles (103 outcomes, 269 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Sima, Anders A F: 19 articles (10/2009 - 09/2003)
2.	Kaaks, Rudolf: 17 articles (11/2014 - 02/2003)
3.	Pollak, Michael N: 14 articles (01/2015 - 04/2005)
4.	Fuchs, Charles S: 13 articles (01/2015 - 01/2005)
5.	Rinaldi, Sabina: 13 articles (04/2013 - 02/2003)
6.	Ma, Jing: 12 articles (01/2015 - 04/2004)
7.	Riboli, Elio: 12 articles (11/2014 - 04/2003)
8.	Marx, Nikolaus: 11 articles (09/2015 - 03/2004)
9.	Hankinson, Susan E: 11 articles (10/2013 - 09/2003)
10.	Giovannucci, Edward: 11 articles (04/2013 - 02/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Autoimmune Diabetes) 07/01/1998 - "To investigate the role of puberty on spontaneous clinical remission and on secretion of residual C-peptide during the first year of type 1 diabetes mellitus, we studied 77 pre-pubertal, 39 pubertal and 41 post-pubertal type 1 diabetic patients. " 01/01/1998 - "In addition, replacement of C-peptide during a period of 1-3 months has been shown to improve renal function as well as autonomic and sensory nerve function in IDDM patients. " 01/01/2007 - "At present, in view of numerous studies concerning its structure, membrane binding and biological functions, C-peptide seems to constitute a crucial role in the pathogenesis of complications in diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1). " 04/01/2005 - "Recent studies have demonstrated that replacement of C-peptide to normal physiological concentrations in IDDM patients either on a short-term basis (1-3 hours) or on a prolonged administration (1-3 months) was accompanied by improvements in renal glomerular and tubular function. " 05/01/2004 - "The study included 20 participants with C-peptide-deficient Type 1 diabetes mellitus. "
2.	Insulin Resistance 01/01/2015 - "Since insulin resistance is genetically determined and observed in type 1 diabetes, the study was designed to elucidate an involvement of Ala 12 Pro PPARg2 gene polymorphism in residual C-peptide secretion and BMI variation in children with type 1 diabetes. " 09/01/2015 - "Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, C-peptide and glycemic variability were assessed before and after therapy. " 01/01/2015 - "Thus, it is likely that PPARg2 gene polymorphism and/or the genetically determined insulin resistance may be associated with residual C-peptide secretion and involve excessive BMI in type 1 diabetes. " 01/01/2015 - "Increased betatrophin level in obese subjects is correlated with an increase in C-peptide level; which is possibly caused by the increased insulin resistance. " 01/01/2013 - "Insulinogenic and Disposition Indexes were 35%-97% higher in AI and each subgroup (p<0.008 vs.CON), whereas C-peptide-derived Adaptation Index, compensating for insulin-resistance, was comparable between AI, subgroups, and CON. "
3.	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY) 01/01/1993 - "The peritubular uptake of C-peptide was significantly lower in NIDDM, while the fractional clearance of C-peptide was significantly higher. " 02/01/2013 - "At the same time, C-peptide at the concentrations above physiological may demonstrate pro-inflammatory effects on the endothelial cells and cause atherosclerotic changes in the vessels, which should be considered in the study of pathogenic mechanisms of complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, where the level of C peptide is increased, as well as in the development of approaches for C-peptide application in clinic. " 10/01/2012 - "This study aimed to investigate whether stimulated C-peptide is associated with microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). " 02/01/2011 - "The present study was designed to examine whether the basal C-peptide levels correlate with cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. " 10/01/1992 - "The goal of the study was to provide cross-sectional descriptive data on the response of C-peptide to a vigorous meal stimulus in a population-based sample of nondiabetic adults compared with a population-based sample of adults with NIDDM. "
4.	Hyperglycemia 01/01/2012 - "The objective of this study was to determine whether C-peptide affords protection to renal microvascular endothelial cell mitochondria during hyperglycemia. " 03/01/2011 - "At the sixth postoperative month, HbA1c, FPG, 2-h PPG, and C-peptide level measured 6.7%, 144 mg/dl, 203 mg/dl, and 2.18 ng/ml. This preliminary study demonstrated the resolution of hyperglycemia in 70% of non-obese T2DM patients (BMI 25-30 kg/m(2)). " 11/01/2013 - "These findings highlight a novel mechanism by which C-peptide activates AMPKα and protects against hyperglycemia-induced vasculopathy. " 11/01/2013 - "C-peptide replacement therapy normalized hyperglycemia-induced AMPKα dephosphorylation, ROS generation, and mitochondrial disorganization in aorta of diabetic mice. " 01/01/2013 - "Thus, C-peptide protects endothelial cells from hyperglycemia-induced apoptotic cell death by inhibiting intracellular ROS-mediated activation of TG2. "
5.	Weight Loss (Weight Reduction) 02/01/2012 - "There was a marked reduction in C-peptide after a significant weight reduction 1 year after surgery with a T2DM remission rate of 78.0%. " 10/01/2015 - "In univariate analysis, non-obese patients who had T2DM remission after surgery were heavier and had a wider waist, higher C-peptide levels, shorter disease duration, more weight loss, and higher ABCD score than those without remission. " 06/01/1990 - "The metabolic clearance of C-peptide, assessed by decay analysis after bolus injection of biosynthetic human C-peptide, was not changed by weight loss (0.143 +/- 0.009 L/min.m2 vs. 0.137 +/- 0.010 L/min.m2). " 10/01/2010 - "The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of C-peptide and selected parameters of lipid profile in prepubertal obese children before and after weight reduction therapy. " 05/01/2013 - "Early-onset T2DM, better weight loss, and greater C-peptide levels were predictors of success after surgery. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Insulin (Novolin)
2.	Glucose (Dextrose)
3.	Glucagon (Glukagon)
4.	Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar)
5.	Proinsulin
6.	Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-1)
7.	Triglycerides (Triacylglycerol)
8.	Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
9.	Hemoglobins (Hemoglobin)
10.	Arginine (L-Arginine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)
2.	Transplants (Transplant)
3.	Kidney Transplantation
4.	Plasmapheresis
5.	Female Contraceptive Devices (Vaginal Ring)