Burning Mouth Syndrome (Syndrome, Burning Mouth)

A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a significant organic component with a degree of functional overlay; it is not limited to the psychophysiologic group of disorders.

Also Known As:

Networked: 179 relevant articles (26 outcomes, 40 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Somatoform Disorders (Somatoform Disorder)
4.	Oral Lichen Planus
5.	Stomatitis

Experts

1.	Femiano, F: 5 articles (11/2004 - 09/2000)
2.	Scully, C: 4 articles (11/2004 - 09/2000)
3.	de Figueiredo, Maria Antonia Zancanaro: 3 articles (09/2015 - 03/2012)
4.	Spanemberg, Juliana Cassol: 3 articles (09/2015 - 03/2012)
5.	Cherubini, Karen: 3 articles (09/2015 - 03/2012)
6.	Salum, Fernanda Gonçalves: 3 articles (09/2015 - 03/2012)
7.	Ito, Mikiko: 3 articles (07/2015 - 03/2010)
8.	Yoshida, Keizo: 3 articles (07/2015 - 03/2010)
9.	Ozaki, Norio: 3 articles (07/2015 - 03/2010)
10.	Kimura, Hiroyuki: 3 articles (07/2015 - 03/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Burning Mouth Syndrome:

1.	Thioctic Acid (Lipoic Acid)IBA 05/01/2009 - "Lack of efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid in burning mouth syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study." 01/01/2009 - "To study the efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) in a group of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). " 01/01/2009 - "Efficacy of alpha lipoic acid in burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, placebo-treatment study." 09/01/2002 - "Burning mouth syndrome (BMS): an open trial of comparative efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid (thioctic acid) with other therapies." 09/01/2000 - "Burning mouth syndrome (BMS): controlled open trial of the efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid (thioctic acid) on symptomatology."
2.	Clonazepam (Rivotril)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2012 - "Since topical oral use of clonazepam have been shown to be effective and safe to treat some patients suffering with burning mouth syndrome, formulations including clonazepam are included with this article. " 11/01/2012 - "Outcome predictors affecting the efficacy of clonazepam therapy for the management of burning mouth syndrome (BMS)." 01/01/2010 - "Response to topical clonazepam in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a clinical study." 11/01/1998 - "The present study was designed to assess the effect of clonazepam in burning mouth syndrome. " 08/01/2015 - "The effectiveness of acupuncture versus clonazepam in patients with burning mouth syndrome."
3.	BenzodiazepinesIBA 10/01/2008 - "The objective of this study is to define the possible reasons for the efficacy of benzodiazepines in the treatment of the burning mouth syndrome. " 10/01/2008 - "Contribution of neuroinflammation in burning mouth syndrome: indications from benzodiazepine use." 11/01/1998 - "Recently, there has been renewed interest in the use of benzodiazepines for burning mouth syndrome. " 03/01/2014 - "These findings suggest that topical application of benzodiazepines to the oral mucosa may decrease pain in burning mouth syndrome through a local action on peripheral GABAA receptors." 11/01/1998 - "These findings suggest that the mechanism of action of clonazepam may be specific and separate from the anxiolytic effect of the benzodiazepines and that clonazepam may represent a useful therapy in a subset of patients with burning mouth syndrome. "
4.	lycopeneIBA 04/01/2014 - "Efficacy of lycopene-enriched virgin olive oil for treating burning mouth syndrome: a double-blind randomised." 10/01/2010 - "Reliable evidence for management of oral submucous fibrosis is still limited; amifostine, hydrolytic enzymes, ice chips and Chinese medicine may be effective in preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy; the evidence in treating oral mucositis with allopurinol mouthwash, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, immunoglobulin or human placentral extract for patients with cancer receiving treatment is weak and unreliable yet; there is evidence that acyclovir is efficacious in prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus infections in patients being treated for cancer; there is strong evidence that drugs absorbed or partially absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract prevent oral candidiasis in patients receiving treatment for cancer; relapses and adverse effects are common in using beta carotene, lycopene, vitamin A or retinoids to treat oral leukoplakia; only some weak evidence is provided in using cyclosporines, retinoids, steroids or phototherapy for treating oral lichen planus; the evidence about acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is insufficient; there is little research evidence for treatment of burning mouth syndrome. "
5.	VitaminsIBA 12/01/1991 - "The aim of the study was to determine, in a group of patients with therapy-resistant burning mouth syndrome (BMS), the possible deficiency of vitamins B1, B2, and B6 and the effect of proper vitamin replacement therapy. " 12/01/1991 - "Vitamin B status and response to replacement therapy in patients with burning mouth syndrome." 02/08/1986 - "Vitamin status of patients with burning mouth syndrome and the response to replacement therapy." 07/01/2013 - "Significant reduction of serum homocysteine level and oral symptoms after different vitamin-supplement treatments in patients with burning mouth syndrome." 07/01/2013 - "In this study, 399 primary and secondary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients without or with hematinic deficiencies were treated with vitamin BC capsules plus none, one, or two deficient hematinics depending on the corresponding deficiency statuses of the patients. "
6.	Capsaicin (Zostrix)FDA Link 01/01/2012 - "To examine the efficacy of a new topical capsaicin presentation as an oral rinse in improving the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). " 01/01/2010 - "Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of idiopathic burning mouth syndrome (BMS) on both, the pain perception within trigeminal lingual nerve distribution and gustatory sensitivity using capsaicin threshold test, and regional taste tests, respectively. " 01/01/2012 - "Application of a capsaicin rinse in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome." 12/01/2006 - "Topical capsaicin application and axon reflex vasodilatation of the tongue: neurogenic involvement in burning mouth syndrome." 02/01/2004 - "Capsaicin in burning mouth syndrome: titration strategies."
7.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 01/01/2014 - "Patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) are frequently treated with antidepressants. " 01/01/2002 - "Although a significant amount of evidence indicates the efficacy of some antidepressants in treating psychogenic pain and somatoform disorder, very few studies have investigated their possible therapeutic action in burning mouth syndrome (BMS). "
8.	Moclobemide (Arima)IBA 01/01/2008 - "Efficacy of moclobemide in burning mouth syndrome: a nonrandomized, open-label study."
9.	MouthwashesIBA 12/01/1999 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the topical use of benzydamine hydrochloride 0.15% oral mouthwashes in the control of burning mouth syndrome symptoms. "
10.	Benzydamine (Tantum)IBA 12/01/1999 - "The clinical application of benzydamine hydrochloride oral rinses in the treatment of patients with burning mouth syndrome did not demonstrate significative efficacy in comparison with use of a placebo solution." 12/01/1999 - "Benzydamine hydrochloride oral rinses in management of burning mouth syndrome. " 12/01/1999 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the topical use of benzydamine hydrochloride 0.15% oral mouthwashes in the control of burning mouth syndrome symptoms. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) 09/01/2015 - "Efficacy of low-level laser therapy for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial." 09/01/2015 - "The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). " 09/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to report the effect of laser phototherapy (LPT) on the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). " 12/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients. " 12/01/2010 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). "
2.	Lasers (Laser) 10/01/2015 - "Present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser (LLL) in improving the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome. " 10/01/2015 - "Evaluation of the efficacy of low-level laser in improving the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome." 10/01/2015 - "It can be concluded that low level laser might decrease the intensity of burning mouth syndrome. " 12/01/2013 - "Laser acupuncture in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: a pilot study." 05/01/1992 - "Measurement of laser thresholds is an appropriate and standardized method for investigating sensory differences in human oral mucosa and may be used to study various pain conditions, e.g., burning mouth syndrome."
3.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 09/01/2015 - "Phototherapy on the Treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Prospective Analysis of 20 Cases." 10/01/2010 - "Reliable evidence for management of oral submucous fibrosis is still limited; amifostine, hydrolytic enzymes, ice chips and Chinese medicine may be effective in preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy; the evidence in treating oral mucositis with allopurinol mouthwash, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, immunoglobulin or human placentral extract for patients with cancer receiving treatment is weak and unreliable yet; there is evidence that acyclovir is efficacious in prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus infections in patients being treated for cancer; there is strong evidence that drugs absorbed or partially absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract prevent oral candidiasis in patients receiving treatment for cancer; relapses and adverse effects are common in using beta carotene, lycopene, vitamin A or retinoids to treat oral leukoplakia; only some weak evidence is provided in using cyclosporines, retinoids, steroids or phototherapy for treating oral lichen planus; the evidence about acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is insufficient; there is little research evidence for treatment of burning mouth syndrome. "
4.	Semiconductor Lasers 02/01/2011 - "Low-level energy diode laser may be an effective treatment for burning mouth syndrome." 02/01/2011 - "To test the therapeutic efficacy of low-level energy diode laser on burning mouth syndrome. " 02/01/2011 - "A total of 17 patients who had been diagnosed with burning mouth syndrome were treated with an 800-nm wavelength diode laser. " 02/01/2011 - "Treatment of burning mouth syndrome with a low-level energy diode laser."
5.	Radiotherapy 10/01/2010 - "Reliable evidence for management of oral submucous fibrosis is still limited; amifostine, hydrolytic enzymes, ice chips and Chinese medicine may be effective in preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy; the evidence in treating oral mucositis with allopurinol mouthwash, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, immunoglobulin or human placentral extract for patients with cancer receiving treatment is weak and unreliable yet; there is evidence that acyclovir is efficacious in prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus infections in patients being treated for cancer; there is strong evidence that drugs absorbed or partially absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract prevent oral candidiasis in patients receiving treatment for cancer; relapses and adverse effects are common in using beta carotene, lycopene, vitamin A or retinoids to treat oral leukoplakia; only some weak evidence is provided in using cyclosporines, retinoids, steroids or phototherapy for treating oral lichen planus; the evidence about acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is insufficient; there is little research evidence for treatment of burning mouth syndrome. "