Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1957 relevant articles (71 outcomes, 213 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Lung Diseases (Lung Disease)
2.	Birth Weight (Birth Weights)
3.	Patent Ductus Arteriosus
4.	Infection
5.	Pulmonary Hypertension (Ayerza Syndrome)

Experts

1.	Abman, Steven H: 23 articles (12/2015 - 08/2004)
2.	Bhandari, Vineet: 22 articles (01/2015 - 05/2003)
3.	Hallman, Mikko: 15 articles (10/2015 - 02/2003)
4.	Doyle, Lex W: 14 articles (11/2015 - 05/2002)
5.	Ehrenkranz, Richard A: 14 articles (12/2014 - 07/2005)
6.	Yoder, Bradley A: 13 articles (01/2016 - 01/2003)
7.	Ballard, Roberta A: 12 articles (12/2015 - 04/2003)
8.	Jobe, Alan H: 12 articles (12/2015 - 11/2002)
9.	Walsh, Michele C: 12 articles (03/2015 - 09/2003)
10.	Carlo, Waldemar A: 12 articles (03/2015 - 10/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia:

1.	OxygenIBA 12/01/2009 - "In children, the maneuver lead to significant inspired oxygen fraction and alveolar collapse reductions, less oxygen dependency, improved pulmonary complacency, and reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia. " 06/01/1990 - "According to results of a secondary analysis, there was improvement in the fraction of inspired oxygen and a greater number of survivors without bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the subgroup of infants weighing less than 1000 g who were treated with surfactant. " 12/01/2015 - "The background to the recent trials of oxygen saturation targeting in acute and continuing care of very preterm infants is reviewed, and the findings and implications of the recent trials, particularly with respect to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, are discussed. " 01/01/2015 - "We found no difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), defined as oxygen dependency at 28 days (three studies, 260 infants), as well as no difference in outcome at nine to 14 years (one study, 37 infants). " 05/01/2013 - "HHHFNC infants remained on the study mode significantly longer than nCPAP infants (median: 4 vs 2 days, respectively; P < .01), but there were no differences between study groups for days on supplemental oxygen (median: 10 vs 8 days), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (20% vs 16%), or discharge from the hospital on oxygen (19% vs 18%). "
2.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1998 - "The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of beta-blockade on clinically significant left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in premature infants treated with dexamethasone because of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. " 01/01/2010 - "To determine if postnatal dexamethasone treatment during the first week of life is beneficial in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. " 01/01/2008 - "High-dose systemic dexamethasone is effective in facilitating extubation of ventilated infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. " 03/01/1992 - "Dexamethasone therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: improved respiratory mechanics without adrenal suppression." 01/01/2011 - "Randomized controlled trials have shown that treatment of chronically ventilated preterm infants after the first week of life with dexamethasone reduces the incidence of the combined outcome death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). "
3.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)FDA Link 01/01/2013 - "Inhaled Nitric oxide (iNO) has been proposed as effective treatment for improving oxygenation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and for preventing the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). " 07/31/2010 - "In animal models, inhaled nitric oxide improved gas exchange and lung structural development, but its use in premature infants at risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains controversial. " 10/29/2010 - "(3) Basic research and animal studies have contributed to important understandings of inhaled nitric oxide benefits on lung development and function in infants at high risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. " 07/31/2010 - "Inhaled nitric oxide for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature babies (EUNO): a randomised controlled trial." 04/01/2010 - "In a randomized multi-center trial, we demonstrated that inhaled nitric oxide begun between 7 and 21 days and given for 24 days significantly increased survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in ventilated premature infants weighing <1250 g. "
4.	palivizumabFDA Link 03/01/2002 - "Palivizumab prophylaxis has appeared to be safe and effective for prevention of serious RSV illness in premature children and those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia." 03/01/2007 - "The present study was designed to determine the efficacy of administration of palivizumab to preterm infants with gestational age (GA) < or = 30 weeks without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). " 12/01/2004 - "The efficacy of palivizumab prophylaxis after bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has been demonstrated in a single placebo-controlled trial. " 12/01/2000 - "(5) A double-blind trial in 1 502 infants either aged less than 6 months and born prematurely (35 weeks of gestation or earlier), or aged under 2 years with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, has shown that, relative to a placebo, palivizumab reduces the hospitalisation rates by 5% in absolute values. " 01/01/2014 - "Relationships were evaluated between disease severity and gestational age, age at enrollment, age at RSVH, presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sex, race, multiple birth, household smoking, daycare attendance, sibling(s), family history of atopy, duration between most recent palivizumab dose and RSVH, and palivizumab level at RSVH. "
5.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 01/01/2010 - "To determine if inhaled corticosteroids are effective in alleviating the morbidity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) compared to placebo. " 01/01/2000 - "To determine if inhaled corticosteroids are effective in alleviating the morbidity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) compared to 0-placebo. " 10/01/2010 - "In the last few years, several studies related to the benefit/risk balance of postnatal corticosteroids administered to premature neonates for prevention or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have been published. " 05/25/1991 - "The use of corticosteroids in bronchopulmonary dysplasia in this study showed a positive short-term effect. " 01/01/2015 - "Use of inhaled corticosteroids for the prevention and/or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a systematic review protocol."
6.	SteroidsIBA 01/01/2007 - "Less postnatal steroids, more bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a population-based study in very low birthweight infants." 03/01/2001 - "The aim of this study was to define the inflammatory changes occurring in the lungs of infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) over the first 28 days of life, and to define an optimal strategy for steroids therapy in the prevention of BPD. " 01/01/2015 - "Inhaled steroids have been studied for both prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). " 01/01/2015 - "Inhalation or instillation of steroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia." 03/01/2014 - "Aerosolized medications such as inhaled steroids and β agonists are commonly administered in-line through nasal CPAP, especially to infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. "
7.	Caffeine (No Doz)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "Caffeine administration is an important part of the therapeutic treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. " 11/01/2014 - "To determine if an early commencement of caffeine is associated with improved survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. " 12/01/2015 - "The risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 0.902; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.828 to 0.983; P=0.019), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (OR, 0.507; 95% CI, 0.396 to 0.648; P<0.001), and BPD or death (OR, 0.526; 95% CI, 0.384 to 0.719; P<0.001) were lower in the early caffeine group. " 12/01/2015 - "A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was undertaken to document the effect providing caffeine early (0-2 days of life) compared to providing caffeine late (≥3 days of life) in very low birth weight infants on several neonatal outcomes, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). " 11/01/2014 - "Early caffeine therapy for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants."
8.	Vitamin A (Retinol)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2010 - "NICU medical directors from centers using vitamin A, compared with centers that did not adopt vitamin A supplementation, reported stronger beliefs in the efficacy of vitamin A to reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (83% vs 33%; P = .03) and in the ease with which vitamin A could be implemented (75% vs 22%; P = .02). " 10/01/2014 - "Vitamin A supplementation for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very-low-birth-weight premature Thai infants: a randomized trial." 03/01/2013 - "Vitamin A to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia: the NeoVitaA trial." 03/01/2005 - "A National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network randomized trial showed that vitamin A supplementation reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (O2 at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age) or death in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates (relative risk [RR]: 0.89). " 07/24/1997 - "A large clinical trial of vitamin A supplementation with 5000 IU/dose three times/week (25-114% more than the dose used in the three published clinical trials) is needed to assess whether vitamin A supplementation safely reduces the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very-low-birth-weight infants."
9.	Furosemide (Lasix)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1997 - "When administered parenterally, furosemide, a loop diuretic, results in improved lung compliance and decreased airway resistance in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). " 09/01/1997 - "Recent studies have suggested direct pulmonary effects of furosemide in asthmatics and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. " 07/01/1990 - "Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of alternate-day furosemide therapy in infants with chronic bronchopulmonary dysplasia." 01/01/2011 - "Nebulized furosemide in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants." 06/01/2001 - "Of the infants 7 had been treated with furosemide for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 1 presented with multiple anatomical abnormalities. "
10.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 10/15/2015 - "Systemic glucocorticoids reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia among extremely preterm infants, but they may compromise brain development. " 09/01/2011 - "Surfactant deficiency and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), major obstacles in preterm infants, are addressed with pre- and postnatal glucocorticoids which also evoke harmful catabolic side-effects. " 10/01/2010 - "The purpose of this revised statement is to review current information on the use of postnatal glucocorticoids to prevent or treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the preterm infant and to make updated recommendations regarding their use. " 07/01/2010 - "Twenty-six percent had bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 16% had received postnatal glucocorticoids. " 03/01/2002 - "Despite the wide use of the steroidal therapy in the prevention of the bronchopulmonary dysplasia, only few articles, in literature, analyse the effects of glucocorticoids on postnatal renal function, such as the increase in urinary flow. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation) 04/01/1992 - "We studied 143 low birth weight infants (less than or equal to 1500 gm) with respiratory distress syndrome who required mechanical ventilation, and determined the efficacy of using the alterations in pulmonary mechanics (measured at 1 to 3 days, 4 to 7 days, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks) as possible predictors for the subsequent diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). " 03/01/2015 - "Providing less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) to spontaneously breathing preterm infants has been reported to reduce mechanical ventilation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in randomised controlled trials. " 01/01/2015 - "Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) to spontaneously breathing preterm infants has been reported to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in previous study. " 01/01/2014 - "This study investigated the extent to which intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV) affect eNO and NO production (V'NO) in preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). " 12/01/2005 - "The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in a population of very low birth weight (BW) newborns treated with mechanical ventilation in the first week of life who survived the 28 days. "
2.	Mechanical Ventilators (Ventilator) 11/01/2012 - "The study demonstrated that, among our patient population, DP was associated with a significantly longer duration of ventilator dependency (56.1 ± 16.0 vs. 29.8 ± 17.7 days, p = 0.001) and a higher incidence of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (87.5 vs. 23 %, p = 0.002). " 11/01/2015 - "Physiologic findings in children previously ventilator dependent at home due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia." 01/01/2015 - "Decreasing mechanical ventilator support in medically fragile children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A step-by-step weaning protocol at a pediatric long term extended care facility." 12/01/2013 - "LOX decreased ventilator days (3 [0-64] vs 8 [0-96]; P < .05) and reduced the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (7% vs 25%; P < .05). " 09/01/2013 - "Outcomes of children with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia who were ventilator dependent at home."
3.	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 04/01/2015 - "Safety and efficacy of oral feeding was examined in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). " 01/01/2014 - "However, recent multicenter randomized controlled trials indicate that early use of continuous positive airway pressure with subsequent selective surfactant administration in extremely preterm infants results in lower rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia/death when compared with treatment with prophylactic or early surfactant therapy. " 12/27/2012 - "Previous results from our trial of early treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) versus early surfactant treatment in infants showed no significant difference in the outcome of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. " 02/14/2008 - "This randomized trial investigated whether nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), rather than intubation and ventilation, shortly after birth would reduce the rate of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants. " 01/01/2013 - "To assess the role of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) initiated at birth for prevention of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants. "
4.	Neonatal Intensive Care 12/01/1986 - "We hypothesize that the respiratory and functional states of the very low birth weight infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia can be improved in the neonatal intensive care unit by prevention of inappropriate sensory input. " 03/01/2015 - "The objective of this study was to investigate whether a respiratory care bundle, implemented through participation in the Vermont Oxford Network-sponsored Neonatal Intensive Care Quality Improvement Collaborative (NIC/Q 2005) and primarily dependent on bedside caregivers, resulted in sustained decrease in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants < 30 wk gestation. " 11/01/2013 - "Quality improvement study of effectiveness of cue-based feeding in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the neonatal intensive care unit." 06/01/2012 - "The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at a neonatal intensive care unit. " 12/01/2002 - "In a previous study of very low birth weight neonates, < or = 1500 g, admitted to the Vanderbilt University Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from 1976-1990, improvements in survival were accompanied by a corresponding increase in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). "
5.	Catheters 12/01/2015 - "Newer management strategies with nasal cannula flows up to 4 L/min or more and 0.21 FiO2 at 36 weeks obscured classification of bronchopulmonary dysplasia status in 12.4% of infants. " 05/01/1989 - "When compared with PaO2, SpO2 values of 92% +/- 3% (mean +/- range) excluded all of the measured PaO2 values less than 45 mm Hg and greater than 100 mm Hg. SpO2-tcPO2 (transcutaneous PO2) and SpO2-PaO2 (catheter or percutaneous arterial PO2) correlations showed that bronchopulmonary dysplasia, percutaneous arterial sampling, and nipple feeding skewed the tcPO2 but not the PaO2 correlations with SpO2, indicating that SpO2 is not sensitive to peripheral factors that affect tcPO2. " 10/01/2014 - "Two randomized studies of surfactant administration using a thin catheter revealed no significant difference in the outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia but a potential reduction in the need for mechanical ventilation within 72 hours of birth when compared with standard care. " 01/01/2012 - "We also reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (30.2% vs 25.5%, P = .001), median days to regain birth weight (9 vs 8, P = .04), percutaneously placed central venous catheter use (54.8% vs 43.9%, P = .002), median antibiotic days (8 vs 6, P = .003), median total central line days (16 vs 15, P = .01), and median ventilator days (7 vs 5, P = .01). " 02/01/1985 - "A critically ill 20-month-old white male with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cor pulmonale, and intolerance to enteral feeds, required a left percutaneous subclavian Broviac catheter. "