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Brain Abscess (Abscess, Brain)

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A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)

Also Known As:

Abscess, Brain; Brain Abscess, Child; Brain Abscess, Multiple; Brain Abscess, Pyogenic; Brain Abscess, Sterile; Cerebral Abscess; Abscess, Cerebral; Abscess, Child Brain; Abscess, Multiple Brain; Abscess, Pyogenic Brain; Abscesses, Cerebral; Abscesses, Multiple Brain; Brain Abscesses; Brain Abscesses, Multiple; Brain Abscesses, Pyogenic; Brain Abscesses, Sterile; Cerebral Abscesses; Child Brain Abscess; Multiple Brain Abscess; Multiple Brain Abscesses; Pyogenic Brain Abscess; Pyogenic Brain Abscesses; Sterile Brain Abscess; Sterile Brain Abscesses

Networked: 951 relevant articles (41 outcomes, 50 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Abscess
3.	Meningitis
4.	Subdural Empyema
5.	Otitis Media

Experts

1.	Kielian, Tammy: 13 articles (01/2012 - 04/2004)
2.	Esen, Nilufer: 8 articles (06/2009 - 04/2004)
3.	Gupta, R K: 6 articles (02/2010 - 03/2001)
4.	Prasad, K N: 5 articles (02/2010 - 09/2001)
5.	Husain, M: 5 articles (02/2010 - 09/2001)
6.	Lu, Cheng-Hsien: 4 articles (09/2015 - 12/2002)
7.	Dahlberg, Daniel: 4 articles (05/2015 - 04/2014)
8.	Hassel, Bjørnar: 4 articles (05/2015 - 04/2014)
9.	Stenzel, Werner: 4 articles (09/2013 - 06/2004)
10.	Raoult, Didier: 4 articles (01/2012 - 05/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Brain Abscess:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 06/01/2006 - "With the introduction of CT, stereotactic techniques, and broad-spectrum antibiotics, the outcome for brain abscess has dramatically improved. " 09/01/2014 - "We present a case of a 31-year-old man who presented with acutely altered mental status, caused by otogenic brain abscess who we treated successfully with antibiotics and otologic surgery and no neurosurgical treatment. " 02/01/1988 - "Her course was complicated by brain abscess, which was treated successfully with antibiotics. " 05/01/2011 - "MRI plus FDG-PET improved the accuracy of assessing therapeutic responses to antibiotics treatment of brain abscess and aided in optimizing therapy." 08/22/2003 - "This study uses a well-defined experimental paradigm as an inexpensive method of inducing and studying the efficacy of antibiotics in brain abscess. "
2.	Imipenem FDA Link 09/01/2000 - "Ventriculitis was treated successfully with imipenem administered intraventrically and brain abscess surgically. " 08/01/2002 - "Eikenella corrodens brain abscess after repeated periodontal manipulations cured with imipenem and neurosurgery." 08/01/1996 - "Imipenem monotherapy (3-4 g/day) for five weeks seems a reasonable therapeutic choice for treatment of bacterial brain abscesses." 08/01/1996 - "Cure was obtained in 52 of 60 (86.7%) patients in the standard group, and in 15 of 15 (including 5 patients with multiple brain abscesses) in the imipenem group. " 08/01/1996 - "Imipenem therapy of brain abscesses."
3.	meropenem (Merrem)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2011 - "High-dose meropenem therapy should be considered as an effective treatment for brain abscess, even in the brain stem and basal ganglia, where it is quite difficult to achieve surgical access." 08/01/2011 - "On the basis of MRI findings, patients were diagnosed with brain abscess and were given high-dose meropenem (6g/day) continuously for 2 months. " 08/01/2011 - "The effectiveness of the high-dose meropenem therapy on brain abscess has occasionally been reported. " 09/01/2010 - "A 60-year-old woman was diagnosed with VBDS after being treated with meropenem for a left temporal lobe brain abscess. " 06/01/1998 - "[Multiple cerebral abscesses with spontaneous emptying into the ventricles and a good response to meropenem]."
4.	Cefotaxime (Kendrick)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2006 - "We evaluated the efficacy of cefotaxime in the management of brain abscesses caused by Streptococcus milleri. " 01/01/2004 - "Sixty-six consecutive patients with brain abscesses referred to a department of neurosurgery during a 10-year period and treated with cefotaxime were studied retrospectively by means of a prospectively designed protocol whose main areas of emphasis were duration of antibiotic treatment, sterilization rate, clinical outcome in relation to prognostic factors, and side effects. " 01/01/1988 - "Use of cefotaxime in brain abscess." 03/01/1986 - "Cefotaxime in brain abscesses." 01/01/1991 - "We present a patient with a Nocardia brain abscess who failed to respond to repeated neurosurgical aspiration in combination with sulfadiazine therapy but improved after additional treatment with cefotaxime."
5.	Ceftriaxone (Ceftriaxon)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1990 - "The ceftriaxone level ratio in brain and serum was low, mean about 2%, but cerebral ceftriaxone concentrations would be sufficient to inhibit more than 75% of bacteria isolated in recent cerebral abscesses. " 10/19/1984 - "Meningitis and brain abscesses were treated successfully with 50 mg/kg of ceftriaxone every 12 hours. " 08/22/2003 - "The rat model of brain abscess/cerebritis developed at this institution was used to determine the relative efficacy of trovafloxacin as compared to ceftriaxone in animals infected with Staphylococcus aureus. " 08/22/2003 - "The efficacy of trovafloxacin versus ceftriaxone in the treatment of experimental brain abscess/cerebritis in the rat." 06/01/1990 - "These results allow to do further therapeutic studies of ceftriaxone in cerebral abscesses due to identified and susceptible bacteria or in random treatment in association with antibiotics directed on anaerobic organisms and resistant hospital strains."
6.	Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)FDA Link 04/01/2012 - "Chloramphenicol toxicity revisited: a 12-year-old patient with a brain abscess." 01/01/2009 - "Multi-antibiotic resistant brain abscess sensitive only to chloramphenicol: a case report." 09/01/1975 - "Chloramphenicol is ordinarily the drug of choice for brain abscess. " 01/01/2000 - "Surgical drainage combined with prolonged antibiotic therapy (drug of choice: chloramphenicol) is the best treatment for Salmonella brain abscesses. " 04/01/2012 - "We describe a 12-year-old patient who presented after two craniotomies for a persistent brain abscess complicated by long-term chloramphenicol administration. "
7.	Trimethoprim (Proloprim)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2001 - "We assumed Nocardia asteroides was the infective agent for the cerebral abscesses, so antibiotic therapy was switched to trimethoprim-sulphamethox-asole (3x160/800 mg/d). " 03/01/1989 - "We stress the necessity of early diagnosis and the efficacy of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim for nocardial brain abscess." 11/01/1980 - "Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim therapy was successfully used in a patient with Nocardia meningitis and in a patient with multiple Nocardia brain abscesses." 11/01/1991 - "Cerebral abscess was cured fifty days after the start of the treatment with oral administration of Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX/TMP). " 05/01/2004 - "Nocardia was identified from the aspirated specimen and postoperative antibiotic therapy for 5-6 weeks was performed using effective antibiotic agents; sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (ST), imipenem/cilastatin and minocycline (MINO) in Case 1, ST and MINO in Case 2, erythromycin in Case 3, and panipenem/betamipron and cefotaxime in Case 4. Case 3 and Case 4 with multilobulated brain abscess underwent total excision of the brain abscess. "
8.	Sulfamethoxazole FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1989 - "We stress the necessity of early diagnosis and the efficacy of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim for nocardial brain abscess." 11/01/1980 - "Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim therapy was successfully used in a patient with Nocardia meningitis and in a patient with multiple Nocardia brain abscesses." 11/01/1991 - "Cerebral abscess was cured fifty days after the start of the treatment with oral administration of Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX/TMP). " 05/01/2004 - "Nocardia was identified from the aspirated specimen and postoperative antibiotic therapy for 5-6 weeks was performed using effective antibiotic agents; sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (ST), imipenem/cilastatin and minocycline (MINO) in Case 1, ST and MINO in Case 2, erythromycin in Case 3, and panipenem/betamipron and cefotaxime in Case 4. Case 3 and Case 4 with multilobulated brain abscess underwent total excision of the brain abscess. "
9.	Sulfadiazine (Sulphadiazine)FDA Link 01/01/1991 - "We present a patient with a Nocardia brain abscess who failed to respond to repeated neurosurgical aspiration in combination with sulfadiazine therapy but improved after additional treatment with cefotaxime." 09/01/2002 - "carinii who was successfully treated for brain abscess with clindamycin and sulfadiazine. " 09/01/2002 - "This case suggests that the combination of clindamycin and sulfadiazine is an effective treatment for Toxoplasma brain abscess and highlights the importance of diagnostic lung biopsy for cavitary lung lesions, particularly in a region endemic for tuberculosis." 09/01/2002 - "Treatment of Toxoplasma brain abscess with clindamycin and sulfadiazine in an AIDS patient with concurrent atypical Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia." 04/01/1946 - "Beta-hemolytic streptococcic septicemia, acute bacterial endocarditis, acute mastoiditis and embolic brain abscess successfully treated with sulfadiazine and penicillin; report of case."
10.	Metronidazole (Metric)FDA LinkGeneric 10/15/1977 - "Bacteriological study of otogenic cerebral abscesses: chemotherapeutic role of metronidazole." 10/01/2015 - "We report two cases of metronidazole-induced encephalopathy(MIE)during treatment of a brain abscess with metronidazole. " 10/01/2015 - "[Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy during Brain Abscess Treatment:Two Case Reports]." 01/01/2013 - "Diagnosis is by serology and PCR of brain abscess aspirate or CSF and treatment is with metronidazole. " 09/01/2012 - "Atypical metronidazole-induced encephalopathy in anaerobic brain abscess."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/2004 - "Capnocytophaga spp. brain abscess in an immunocompetent host: problems in antimicrobial chemotherapy and literature review." 12/01/1998 - "We describe an unusual case of a late presentation of a fungal brain abscess in a non-neutropenic child 1 year after completing chemotherapy for M5 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). " 01/01/1996 - "We present a case of brain abscess caused by Cladosporium trichoides which reappeared fifteen months later, in spite of a surgical procedure and antifungal chemotherapy. " 06/01/1995 - "We think complete surgical removal of the brain abscess combined with antifungal drug therapy is the best management for this rare fungal disease." 02/01/1994 - "As brain abscess is similar to them, diagnosis and chemotherapy on these four diseases are briefly summarized here. "
2.	Craniotomy 12/01/2013 - "Transnasal endoscopic drainage of brain abscesses appears to be safe and has particular advantages in specific cases over the current operative standard, which are likely to prove beneficial for patients and cement it as a feasible alternative to stereotactic aspiration and craniotomy." 01/01/2010 - "The purpose of the study is to compare the two surgical methods (burr hole and craniotomy) used as treatment for superficial cerebral abscess and its outcome in terms of radiological clearance on brain CT, improvement of neurological status, the need for repeated surgery, and survival and morbidity at three months after surgery. " 11/01/2015 - "Purulent material was obtained during osteoplastic craniotomy with total extirpation of the brain abscess. " 09/01/2015 - "We report a case of an 8-year-old child with unrepaired D-TGA, who presented to us for craniotomy for drainage of brain abscess. " 07/01/2015 - "We report the anaesthetic management of a rare case of a 5-year-old child with uncorrected POF, who presented to our Superspeciality hospital with a brain abscess and underwent an emergency craniotomy with drainage of the brain abscess successfully. "
3.	Decompressive Craniectomy 05/01/2007 - "We diagnosed brain abscess and performed right fronto-temporal decompressive craniectomy and stereotactic aspiration, followed by systemic antibiotic therapy. " 10/01/2003 - "Meningitis or cerebral abscess occurred in six patients after decompressive craniectomy and were easily cured by antibiotic treatment. " 08/01/2013 - "To the best of our knowledge, no previous report has been published on intracranial calcification caused by bacterial brain abscess after decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury. "
4.	Oral Administration 12/01/1991 - "The lung abscess faded with oral administration of fluocytosine and intravenous administration of miconazole, but the brain abscesses enlarged. " 08/01/1994 - "We successfully treated a serious case of Entamoeba histolytica infection showing brain abscess, meningitis, and liver abscess by oral administration of metronidazole, intramuscular injection of dehydroemetine, and drainage of the brain abscess. " 11/01/1991 - "Cerebral abscess was cured fifty days after the start of the treatment with oral administration of Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX/TMP). "
5.	Trephining 05/09/1891 - "A Case of Traumatic Cerebral Abscess: Trephining: Free: Discharge of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid: Recovery." 02/01/1890 - "I. Subdural Cerebral Abscess, and Subdural Cyst Relieved by Trephining."