Bluetongue

A reovirus infection, chiefly of sheep, characterized by a swollen blue tongue, catarrhal inflammation of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and often by inflammation of sensitive laminae of the feet and coronet.

Also Known As:

Networked: 316 relevant articles (13 outcomes, 31 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Rift Valley Fever
3.	Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants
4.	Foot-and-Mouth Disease
5.	Virus Diseases (Viral Diseases)

Experts

1.	van Rijn, Piet A: 11 articles (10/2021 - 04/2010)
2.	Savini, G: 10 articles (02/2014 - 07/2004)
3.	van Gennip, René G P: 8 articles (10/2021 - 04/2010)
4.	Savini, Giovanni: 6 articles (10/2021 - 10/2006)
5.	Feenstra, Femke: 6 articles (03/2017 - 09/2014)
6.	Monaco, F: 6 articles (02/2014 - 10/2004)
7.	Biswas, Sanchay Kumar: 5 articles (12/2021 - 10/2015)
8.	Chand, Karam: 5 articles (12/2021 - 07/2009)
9.	Roy, Polly: 5 articles (01/2020 - 02/2009)
10.	Sailleau, C: 5 articles (03/2018 - 10/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Bluetongue:

1.	VaccinesIBA 12/01/2015 - "In this study, we evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a bluetongue vaccine against Bluetongue virus serotypes 4 and 16 in sheep. " 02/01/2009 - "Prospects for improved bluetongue vaccines." 01/01/2017 - "Bluetongue Disabled Infectious Single Animal (DISA) vaccine: Studies on the optimal route and dose in sheep." 09/01/2014 - "The disabled infectious single-animal vaccine for bluetongue presented here is very promising and will be the subject of future studies." 06/21/2008 - "Scientific study of bluetongue vaccine uptake and efficacy."
2.	Inactivated VaccinesIBA 01/01/1985 - "These studies have shown the feasibility of safe and effective inactivated vaccines for bluetongue (BT) disease of sheep." 10/01/2021 - "Safety and efficacy of a Bluetongue inactivated vaccine (serotypes 1 and 4) in sheep." 12/01/2018 - "Bluetongue, an orbiviral disease that affects ruminants, is best controlled by the use of inactivated vaccines. " 10/01/2013 - "Mandatory vaccination with an inactivated vaccine (BTVPUR Alsap8; Merial, Lyon, France) began 2 days after bluetongue was confirmed in the country. " 08/20/2013 - "Evaluation of the humoral immune responses in adult cattle and sheep, 4 and 2.5 years post-vaccination with a bluetongue serotype 8 inactivated vaccine."
3.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 01/01/2016 - "In this study, we show that the BTV nonstructural protein NS4 favors viral replication in sheep, the animal species most affected by bluetongue. " 10/01/2015 - "In the present study, the NS3 protein sequences of bluetongue viral serotypes were analyzed for the presence of heptad regions and oligomer formation. " 07/01/2009 - "The test used antiserum against BTV and antiserum against the bluetongue (BT) core protein. " 10/01/2004 - "Sequence analyses of the non-structural protein gene NS3/NS3A of eight Greek bluetongue (BT) virus (BTV) field isolates from the 1979 and 1999-2001 epizootics provide preliminary molecular data on the epidemiology of BT in Greece. " 03/01/2003 - "Variation in the NS3 gene and protein in South African isolates of bluetongue and equine encephalosis viruses."
4.	Viral VaccinesIBA 02/01/2009 - "This review describes the leading technologies for improved bluetongue vaccines and looks ahead to how advances in other viral vaccines might be applied to this disease." 12/01/1990 - "The assembly of these bluetongue viruslike particles after the simultaneous expression of four separate proteins is indicative of the potential of this technology for the production of a new generation of viral vaccines and for the study of complex, multiprotein structures." 03/01/2020 - "Single-cycle viral vaccines have been developed for various diseases such as Rift Valley fever and bluetongue, and the rational extension of these strategies could be helpful for developing single-cycle ASF vaccines. "
5.	AntigensIBA 03/01/2000 - "An improved bluetongue antigen capture ELISA (BTACE) technique was evaluated for its ability to detect the full range of 24 bluetongue (BLU) serotypes. " 01/01/2021 - "The current study is an extrapolation of our previous work where a novel fusion construct comprising of bluetongue viral segment NS1 and NS3 was successfully cloned, expressed, purified with an efficient strategy for its suitable implementation as a diagnostic antigen. " 01/01/2005 - "An antigen capture ELISA for bluetongue (BT) virus was developed using tissue culture supernatant to identify different BT virus (BTV) serotypes 1, 2, 4, 9 and 16, which have been incriminated in the current epidemic in the Mediterranean Basin. " 04/01/2002 - "The application of a sensitive antigen capture ELISA to facilitate virus isolation procedures led to the isolation of 108 strains of bluetongue (BLU) virus. " 11/01/1998 - "Detection by ELISA of bluetongue antigen directly in the blood of experimentally infected sheep. "
6.	AgarIBA 10/01/1970 - "Bluetongue in cattle: efficacy of the agar gel precipitin test." 10/01/2004 - "The frequency of serological cross-reactions between Ibaraki (IB), and bluetongue (BT) viruses using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test was investigated. " 03/01/1993 - "Twelve 2- to 4-years-old Merino ewes, negative in a bluetongue agar gel immunodiffusion test, were inoculated with viraemic blood from the second sheep passage. " 01/01/1992 - "1. Sera from 190 cows and from 72 sheep were examined to compare the results obtained with the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) tests for the diagnosis of bluetongue (BT) disease. " 07/01/1990 - "The agar gel immunodiffusion test for bluetongue gave consistent results in series of serum samples from 112 of 121 sentinel lambs. "
7.	InsecticidesIBA 02/01/2015 - "However, recurrent outbreaks of blue tongue disease in sheep and cattle, the public threats regarding the prophylactic use of veterinary insecticides and the need to preserve the efficacy of available actives have to lead the reflexion on new control strategies for arthropod pests of livestock. " 04/24/2014 - "The results of this study indicated that age and application of routine insecticides are influential risk factors for seroprevalence of Bluetongue in cattle. " 04/24/2014 - "Application of preventive measures, such as spraying or dipping with insecticide protects cattle against Bluetongue infection. "
8.	EpitopesIBA 04/05/2006 - "After pre-culture and treatment of osmosis, zygotic embryos of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were transformed via particle bombardment with a plasmid containing a Bluetongue VP2 gene (BTVP2) comprising neutralizing epitopes. " 03/01/1987 - "Kemerovo group viruses therefore differ from orbiviruses of the bluetongue serogroup in which segment 2 codes for the neutralizing epitopes (M. " 04/05/2006 - "The production of transgenic peanut was mainly focused on evaluating a newly improved somatic embryogenesis regeneration system as well as the gene transfer method and to produce the Bluetongue outer coat protein that comprises the neutralizing epitopes." 02/01/1991 - "A bluetongue serogroup-reactive epitope in the amino terminal half of the major core protein VP7 is accessible on the surface of bluetongue virus particles." 01/30/1983 - "Monoclonal antibody analysis of serotype-restricted and unrestricted bluetongue viral antigenic determinants."
9.	Capsid Proteins (Capsid Protein)IBA 09/26/1997 - "Projection structure of VP6, the rotavirus inner capsid protein, and comparison with bluetongue VP7." 11/01/1992 - "Evolutionary relationships among the gnat-transmitted orbiviruses that cause African horse sickness, bluetongue, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease as evidenced by their capsid protein sequences." 01/01/1993 - "Sheep immunized with core-like particles, comprised of VP3 and VP7, developed only limited clinical signs after virulent virus challenge, demonstrating that not only the outer capsid proteins, but also the core proteins are involved in protection against bluetongue." 03/01/1990 - "Expression of the outer capsid protein, VP2, from a full length cDNA clone of genome segment 2 of bluetongue serotype 1 from South Africa, using both Sp6 and vaccinia expression systems and a comparison of the nucleic acid sequence of this segment with those of other serotypes."
10.	Heterophile AntigensIBA 04/05/2011 - "The data acquired in this pilot study validate BoHV-4-based vector as a safe and effective heterologous antigen carrier/producer for the formulation of enhanced recombinant immunogens for the vaccination against lethal bluetongue."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Canes (Cane) 09/01/2022 - "This study aimed to use clotting assays measuring both time and strength of clotting to characterise the coagulotoxic activity of venoms from a taxonomically, morphologically, and ecologically diverse range of Bitis spp. of viperid snakes upon the plasma of model species: amphibian (Cane Toad, Rhinella marina); lizard (Blue-tongue Skink, Tiliqua scincoides); avian (Domestic Chicken, Gallus gallus); and rodent (Brown Rat, Rattus norvegicus). "
2.	Therapeutics 08/01/1948 - "Malignant bluetongue and sulphonamide therapy." 02/01/1948 - "Sulphonamide therapy in three cases of malignant bluetongue and in four cases of puerperal infection."
3.	Microspheres (Microsphere) 01/01/2021 - "A Duplex Fluorescent Microsphere Immunoassay for Detection of Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Antibodies in Cattle Sera."