Blindness (Hysterical Blindness)

The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.

Also Known As:

Hysterical Blindness; Amaurosis; Legal Blindness; Blindness, Legal; Blindness, Acquired; Blindness, Complete; Blindness, Hysterical; Blindness, Transient; Acquired Blindness; Amauroses; Bilateral Blindnesses; Complete Blindness; Monocular Blindness; Sudden Visual Losses; Transient Blindness; Visual Loss, Sudden; Bilateral Blindness; Blindness, Bilateral; Blindness, Monocular; Blindness, Unilateral; Sudden Visual Loss; Unilateral Blindness

Networked: 5548 relevant articles (190 outcomes, 259 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Diabetic Retinopathy (Retinopathy, Diabetic)
2.	Infections
3.	Macular Degeneration (Age-Related Maculopathy)
4.	Cataract (Cataracts)
5.	Vision Disorders (Hemeralopia)

Experts

1.	Barthelmes, Daniel: 53 articles (12/2022 - 08/2007)
2.	Nguyen, Vuong: 47 articles (12/2022 - 12/2016)
3.	Gillies, Mark C: 39 articles (02/2022 - 08/2007)
4.	Arnold, Jennifer J: 21 articles (12/2022 - 01/2014)
5.	Gillies, Mark: 18 articles (12/2022 - 01/2019)
6.	Sahel, José-Alain: 18 articles (10/2022 - 04/2007)
7.	Palczewski, Krzysztof: 18 articles (05/2022 - 05/2002)
8.	Cideciyan, Artur V: 18 articles (01/2020 - 04/2002)
9.	Hauswirth, William W: 18 articles (01/2020 - 11/2005)
10.	Jacobson, Samuel G: 18 articles (01/2020 - 04/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Blindness:

1.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 01/01/2017 - "In future work, these scaffolds could comprise biodegradable materials with tunable microstructure, elastic modulus and degradation time; a significant step towards a promising treatment option for those suffering from late-stage neurodegeneration, including retinal degenerative blindness." 02/01/2012 - "Recently, subretinal administration of AAV2 has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in patients with a rare form of inherited childhood blindness, suggesting that AAV-mediated retinal gene therapy may be successfully extended to other blinding conditions. " 06/01/2009 - "A prospective trial was initiated to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a wireless intraocular retinal implant (EPIRET3) in six volunteers with blindness and RP. " 01/07/2019 - "There are currently limited treatment options for IRDs; however, retinal gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment of different forms of inherited blindness. " 01/01/2006 - "Ophthalmic examination and electrodiagnostic evaluation eliminated outer retinal abnormalities as the primary cause of the bilateral blindness, implicating instead a central neurologic effect of the drug. "
2.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 07/17/2020 - "The use of anti-VEGF in clinical practice was associated with significant reduction in the incidence of blindness by nAMD. " 01/01/2012 - "However, substantial improvement in vision occurs in only one-third of patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists, and one-sixth of treated patients still progress to legal blindness. " 11/27/2023 - "The introduction of anti-VEGF treatment is a major reason why blindness secondary to wet AMD is now negligible. " 12/01/2022 - "These are leading causes of blindness and can be mediated by abnormal vessel growth and increased vascular permeability due to elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic patients. " 07/17/2020 - "In some cases, the odds of decreased vision (defined as decline from normal to moderate, moderate to severe, or severe to blindness) fell by 41% following introduction of anti-VEGF. "
3.	Vitamin A (Retinol)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1997 - "Intermittent treatment with the very large doses of vitamin A prescribed to combat blindness was shown to be effective. " 04/01/2023 - "Vitamin-A enriched yogurt through fortification of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima): A potential alternative for preventing blindness in children." 01/01/2022 - "Vitamin A prevents eye problems, blindness and skin problems by strengthening the immune system. " 12/01/2021 - "Data demonstrate that the dimerization of vitamin A during the vitamin A cycle is sufficient alone to cause the prerequisite RPE atrophic changes thought to be responsible for the leading causes of irreversible blindness and that correcting the dimerization rate with C20D3-vitamin A may be sufficient to prevent the RPE atrophic changes. " 10/19/2021 - "For instance, chronic vitamin A deprivation causes blindness, slow growth, impaired immunity, and an increased risk of mortality in children. "
4.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 11/15/1999 - "However, a better use of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy in a multidisciplinary context has dramatically improved the overall visual prognosis and bilateral blindness is now rare." 01/01/1997 - "Good results were obtained by a medical care with corticoids and chloraminophen in case of threatening blindness. " 08/01/2013 - "'Blindness cured!': long-standing visual loss responding to corticosteroids." 01/01/1997 - "Visual deterioration occurred less frequently in those treated with corticosteroids (2/16 [12.5%] vs. 7/10 [70%], P = 0.007), blindness was less frequent (1/16 [5.3%] vs. 5/10 [50%], P = 0.018), and in 3 patients vision improved. " 11/01/2021 - "VRQL scores for all subscales were significantly lower in TRC when compared with controls, particularly associated (P<0.05) with female sex, history of ≥2 prior TRC recurrences, concomitant use of systemic corticosteroids, monocular vision and blindness. "
5.	SteroidsIBA 03/01/2023 - "One dog underwent ERG after the blindness progressed bilaterally 8 days after initial presentation (despite topical steroid medication). " 01/01/2023 - "Caution must be exercised while injecting steroids in patients with short TM height (especially < 646.75 μm) as it may cause SIOH and irreversible blindness." 10/01/2020 - "Her visual acuity progressed to blindness, but blindness was reversed by discontinuation of lumbar drainage, tight blood pressure control, and high-dose steroid drip. " 03/06/2019 - "We present the case of a 77-year-old man who developed irreversible bilateral blindness after a confirmed diagnosis of GCA and oral steroid treatment. " 12/01/2018 - "Although steroid was started, but monocular blindness did not recover completely. "
6.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 02/01/2022 - "It is considered an ophthalmologic emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment with systemic intravenous and intravitreal antibiotics to improve mortality and prevent blindness. " 01/01/2013 - "Delay of diagnosis and inappropriate antibiotics are associated with poor outcomes, such as blindness." 06/16/2009 - "Although this pathogen is relatively benign for domestic animals treated by antibiotics, it can lead wild animals to blindness and death. " 01/01/2007 - "Despite the use of antibiotics, the host inflammatory response continues to cause damage to the cornea, which may lead to blindness. " 12/01/2001 - "The blindness in applying antibiotics should be recovered. "
7.	Oxygen (Dioxygen)IBA 01/01/2023 - "Commercialized devices are expensive, however, and sites commonly use improvised devices utilizing 100% oxygen which can cause blindness. " 01/01/2021 - "The lack of oxygen in the retina, especially in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), causes cell damage up to cell degeneration and leads to blindness. " 11/07/2016 - "The reasons for this epidemic of ROP blindness are many and include increasing survival of premature infants, lack of equipment such as oxygen-blenders and pulse oximeters that are necessary for safe use of supplemental oxygen in premature infants, lack of routine screening for ROP, lack of trained personnel for ROP screening, and lack of Ophthalmologists to promptly initiate treatment when infants develop severe ROP. " 07/01/2013 - "The relationship between high oxygen levels and blindness in small preterm infants is common knowledge in today's NI CU. " 01/01/2011 - "Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen may cause irreversible damage to the eyes of very-low-birth-weight preterm infants and is a potential cause of blindness. "
8.	Ranibizumab (Lucentis)FDA Link 11/01/2008 - "Ranibizumab significantly improved the rate of visual acuity improvement and reduced the rate of legal blindness. " 01/01/2019 - "Drug and administration costs of intravitreal ranibizumab were offset by the prevention of the development of blindness and its associated costs, while the increase in benefits was driven by a reduction in mortality risk and an improved health-related quality of life attributed to an improvement in VA. " 11/01/2016 - "To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multicenter real-world study on the incidence of blindness and sight impairment based on VA data in patients treated with ranibizumab for nAMD, and its results show low incidences of both blindness and sight impairment, which both declined during the study period." 09/01/2015 - "To evaluate patient visual acuity outcomes and blindness rates attributable to wet AMD with a potential 5-year follow-up from intravitreal ranibizumab treatment (IVTR) in south-east Scotland. " 05/01/2015 - "This model suggests that ranibizumab 0.3 mg every 4 weeks substantially reduces prevalence of VI and legal blindness 2 years after initiating treatment among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white individuals in the United States with central-involved DME that has caused vision loss."
9.	Hyaluronic Acid (Hyaluronan)IBA 01/01/2021 - "Invited Discussion on: "An Efficacy and Safety Study of Intraarterial Recanalization of Occluded Ophthalmic Arteries in Patients with Monocular Blindness Caused by Injection of Hyaluronic Acid in Facial Tissues"." 01/01/2021 - "An Efficacy and Safety Study of Intra-arterial Recanalization of Occluded Ophthalmic Arteries in Patients with Monocular Blindness Caused by Injection of Hyaluronic Acid in Facial Tissues." 01/01/2022 - "With the global rise in the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers as a minimally invasive cosmetic procedure, significant adverse effects such as vascular compromise and blindness have become common. " 12/01/2021 - "Blindness is a rare but catastrophic complication of facial hyaluronic acid (HA) injection. " 01/01/2021 - "Between December 2015 and December 2016, 30 patients with monocular blindness due to the injection of hyaluronic acid in facial tissue underwent ophthalmic artery recanalization. "
10.	Hyaluronoglucosaminidase (Hyaluronidase)FDA Link 12/01/2021 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the direct delivery of hyaluronidase to ophthalmic artery occlusion through endovascular cannulation to resolve HA-induced blindness. " 09/01/2020 - "Reply re: "Commentary on: 'Examining the Role of Retrobulbar Hyaluronidase in Reversing Filler Induced Blindness: A Systemic Review,' by Paap MK, Milman T, Ugradar S, Goldberg R, Silkiss RZ"." 05/01/2020 - "Commentary On: "Examining the Role of Retrobulbar Hyaluronidase in Reversing Filler Induced Blindness: A Systematic Review," by Paap MK, Milman T, Ugradar S, Goldberg R, Silkiss RZ." 05/01/2020 - "There is not currently enough evidence to support retrobulbar hyaluronidase as a treatment for filler-induced blindness. " 05/01/2020 - "Examining the Role of Retrobulbar Hyaluronidase in Reversing Filler-Induced Blindness: A Systematic Review."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2018 - "The overall focus is on developing a standardized therapy for patients, however due to the multiple causes of corneal blindness, a personal regenerative medicine approach may be the best option." 01/01/2022 - "Therefore, the discovery of therapeutics that are effective against both stages is a critical unmet need to avert blindness. " 01/01/2021 - "In recent years, gene replacement therapies for rare monogenic disorders of the retina have given positive results, leading to the marketing of the first gene therapy product for a form of childhood hereditary blindness. " 01/01/2019 - "After therapy, blindness in the left eye improved to light perception. " 02/01/2017 - "The pursuit of improved therapies is ongoing, but the greatest chance of preventing blindness is with early recognition. "
2.	Corneal Transplantation (Keratoplasty) 09/20/2022 - "Corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for corneal blindness. " 05/19/2010 - "Keratoplasty is the most effective treatment for corneal blindness, but suboptimal medical conditions and lack of qualified medical personnel and donated cornea often prevent the performance of corneal transplantation in developing countries. " 07/01/2010 - "Corneal blindness is one of the important types of blindness that can be prevented by proper health care education and conventionally cured by corneal transplantation for which awareness regarding eye donation is essential. " 03/01/2003 - "Osteo-odontokeratoprosthesis shows good results in patients with corneal blindness not amenable to keratoplasty. " 05/02/2022 - "Corneal blindness is a common phenomenon, and corneal transplantation is an effective treatment for corneal defects. "
3.	Lasers (Laser) 02/01/2021 - "The described method is likely to increase healthcare personnel's confidence not to delay or deny ROP screening and laser treatment and save the babies from blindness." 02/01/2021 - "But screening for neonates for ROP and treating with laser, when required, should not be delayed to avoid the blindness. " 01/01/2020 - "There are highly effective and cost-effective treatments for STDR and up to 98% of blindness can be prevented by timely laser treatment and/or vitreous surgery. " 01/01/2019 - "Laser iridotomy (LI) has been the standard therapeutic modality for treating PACG to avoid blindness. " 04/01/2018 - "Of the 64% of patients whose DM was well controlled, 11% and 25% listed surgery and laser treatment, respectively, as available treatment options for DR. The following factors were found to be significant in relation to the subjects' awareness that DM can affect their eyes: the patients' perception of their doctors' advice about DR; the experience of having their vision affected by DM; the knowledge that DR may lead to blindness; the practice of going to eye checkups. "
4.	Light Coagulation 03/01/2013 - "Research has demonstrated that blindness from diabetes is preventable with early diagnosis, optimization of risk factors, and timely photocoagulation. " 05/15/1993 - "Panretinal photocoagulation could prevent most blindness from proliferative disease--if risk is identified early. " 10/11/1991 - "Out of 22 patients with unilateral or bilateral blindness, 2 (10%) had received no photocoagulation. " 08/01/1991 - "The proliferation continued in 4 patients (22%) leading to blindness in 2 patients and recurrence of vitreous haemorrhages despite the photocoagulation in the other 2 cases. " 10/01/1989 - "Because photocoagulation can reduce the incidence of blindness from severe DR by approximately 50%, it is important to identify people at increased risk for DR so that appropriate treatment can be accomplished. "
5.	Transplantation 04/11/2023 - "Conclusions: C-bKPro implantation is an effective and safe option for treating corneal blindness in high-risk transplantation in China. " 02/01/2015 - "Autologous cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET) is a successful therapy to restore corneal epithelium when limbal epithelial stem cells are damaged unilaterally, which can result in corneal blindness. " 01/01/2017 - "The loss of cone photoreceptors that mediate daylight vision represents a leading cause of blindness, for which cell replacement by transplantation offers a promising treatment strategy. " 04/01/2023 - "Since first incepted in 1885, whole-eye transplantation (WET) has been proposed as the ultimate cure for blindness. " 01/01/2016 - "Transplantation of these cells in animal models showed great promise for reversing blindness, and the first clinical trial on humans started in 2013. "