Blind Loop Syndrome (Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome)

A malabsorption syndrome that is associated with a blind loop in the upper SMALL INTESTINE that is characterized by the lack of peristaltic movement, stasis of INTESTINAL CONTENTS, and the overgrowth of BACTERIA. Such bacterial overgrowth interferes with BILE SALTS action, FATTY ACIDS processing, MICROVILLI integrity, and the ABSORPTION of nutrients such as VITAMIN B12 and FOLIC ACID.

Also Known As:

Networked: 76 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 5 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Lactose Intolerance (Intolerance, Lactose)
2.	Peptic Ulcer (Peptic Ulcers)
3.	Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)
4.	Chronic Pancreatitis
5.	Steatorrhea

Experts

1.	Kharitonova, L A: 1 article (01/2015)
2.	Bogomaz, L V: 1 article (01/2015)
3.	Zaprudnov, A M: 1 article (01/2015)
4.	Grigoriev, K I: 1 article (01/2015)
5.	Tokumasu, Naoko: 1 article (09/2013)
6.	Akira, Kazuki: 1 article (09/2013)
7.	Tando, Yusuke: 1 article (09/2013)
8.	Nakamura, Teruo: 1 article (09/2013)
9.	Mitome, Hidemichi: 1 article (09/2013)
10.	Carubbi, Francesco: 1 article (05/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Blind Loop Syndrome:

1.	IndicanIBA 05/01/1973 - "This diagnostic procedure was applied to the identification of patients with steatorrhoea due to the stagnant loop syndrome, and was compared with other tests for this condition, viz, study of the small intestinal bacterial flora, urinary indican excretion, and the Schilling test with added intrinsic factor. " 01/01/1976 - "Value of urinary simple phenol and indican determinations in the diagnosis of the stagnant loop syndrome." 01/01/1976 - "When applied as diagnostic tests for the stagnant loop syndrome, the phenol excretion showed 2 false negative results, the p-cresol excretion 3 false negative and 2 false positive results, and the indican excretion 6 false positive results. " 01/01/1976 - "The mean excretion of the compounds in the patients with the stagnant loop syndrome and in the control patients, respectively, was 77 and 2.3 mg/24 h of phenol (p less than 0.05), 164 and 39.5 mg/24 h of p-cresol (n.s.), and 369 and 41.5 mg/24 h of indican (p less than 0.01). " 01/01/1976 - "The urinary excretion of phenol, p-cresol, and indican was determined in 7 patients with the stagnant loop syndrome, 26 patients with coeliac disease, chronic pancreatitis, and partial gastrectomy, and 18 control patients. "
2.	HydrogenIBA 10/01/2011 - "A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen showed a large afferent jejunal loop, and a hydrogen breath test confirmed small-bowel bacterial overgrowth secondary to the blind loop syndrome. " 09/27/1992 - "In case of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome the repeated hydrogen (H2) test may indicate the effectivity of applied antibiotic therapy. " 06/01/1984 - "This investigation demonstrated that the breath hydrogen test is a promising and noninvasive tool for diagnosing blind (or stagnant) loop syndrome." 06/01/1984 - "Breath hydrogen test in infants and children with blind loop syndrome." 01/01/2013 - "The bacterial overgrowth syndrome (BOS) was identified by a 2-hour lactulose (20 ml) hydrogen breath test. "
3.	Phenol (Carbolic Acid)FDA Link 01/01/1976 - "Value of urinary simple phenol and indican determinations in the diagnosis of the stagnant loop syndrome." 01/01/1976 - "When applied as diagnostic tests for the stagnant loop syndrome, the phenol excretion showed 2 false negative results, the p-cresol excretion 3 false negative and 2 false positive results, and the indican excretion 6 false positive results. " 01/01/1976 - "The mean excretion of the compounds in the patients with the stagnant loop syndrome and in the control patients, respectively, was 77 and 2.3 mg/24 h of phenol (p less than 0.05), 164 and 39.5 mg/24 h of p-cresol (n.s.), and 369 and 41.5 mg/24 h of indican (p less than 0.01). " 01/01/1976 - "The urinary excretion of phenol, p-cresol, and indican was determined in 7 patients with the stagnant loop syndrome, 26 patients with coeliac disease, chronic pancreatitis, and partial gastrectomy, and 18 control patients. "
4.	FructoseIBA 12/01/2008 - "For the diagnosis of fructose or lactose malabsorption as well as for the detection of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome, hydrogen breath tests are even regarded as gold standard. "
5.	4-cresol (p-cresol)IBA 01/01/1976 - "When applied as diagnostic tests for the stagnant loop syndrome, the phenol excretion showed 2 false negative results, the p-cresol excretion 3 false negative and 2 false positive results, and the indican excretion 6 false positive results. " 01/01/1976 - "The mean excretion of the compounds in the patients with the stagnant loop syndrome and in the control patients, respectively, was 77 and 2.3 mg/24 h of phenol (p less than 0.05), 164 and 39.5 mg/24 h of p-cresol (n.s.), and 369 and 41.5 mg/24 h of indican (p less than 0.01). " 01/01/1976 - "The urinary excretion of phenol, p-cresol, and indican was determined in 7 patients with the stagnant loop syndrome, 26 patients with coeliac disease, chronic pancreatitis, and partial gastrectomy, and 18 control patients. "
6.	Bile Acids and Salts (Bile Acids)IBA 09/01/1969 - "This study was performed to investigate whether the malabsorption of fat in the blind loop syndrome is due to the presence of free bile acids or to a deficiency of conjugated bile salts produced by bacterial degradation of normal bile salts, as well as to learn something of the mechanisms by which bile salts might regulate fat absorption. " 01/01/1982 - "The extractable water phase of stools appreciably increased in patients with chronic, non-specific diarrhoea syndrome and contained 50% of the total stool bile acids; this was also the case in patients with bacterial overgrowth syndrome. " 01/01/1976 - "Unconjugated bile salts were detected although the concentrations of total bile salts were normal in blind-loop syndrome. " 06/30/1973 - "These findings suggest that precipitation of unconjugated bile acids, rather than passive absorption, leads to a reduced postprandial concentration of bile acids in the micellar phase of jejunal content, and are consistent with the hypothesis that fat malabsorption in the stagnant loop syndrome results from decreased micellar dispersion of lipolytic products." 06/30/1973 - "Aspirates from the stagnant loop syndrome patients, but not from the normal controls, had a high concentration of free (unconjugated) bile acids. "
7.	Intrinsic FactorFDA Link 01/01/1975 - "Following preincubation of intrinsic factor- (IF-) bound 57CoB12 with the jejunal sediments of 6 patients with the blind-loop syndrome, the mean uptake by the sediments of IF-57CoB12 (28.1 percent plus or minus 4.2 percent S,E.M.) was significantly higher than the mean uptake by jejunal sediments from 5 control patients (5.8 per cent plus or minus 3.5 percent) (p smaller than 0.01). " 05/01/1973 - "This diagnostic procedure was applied to the identification of patients with steatorrhoea due to the stagnant loop syndrome, and was compared with other tests for this condition, viz, study of the small intestinal bacterial flora, urinary indican excretion, and the Schilling test with added intrinsic factor. " 12/01/1972 - "Mechanism of vitamin B 12 malabsorption in blind loop syndrome: bacterial uptake of vitamin B 12 and stability of binding of vitamin B 12 to gastric intrinsic factor."
8.	Xylose (D-Xylose)FDA Link 04/01/1978 - "Xylose catabolism in the experimental rat blind loop syndrome: studies, including use of a newly developed d-[14C]xylose breath test." 07/01/1991 - "The prevalence of the small intestine bacterial overgrowth syndrome has been assessed in 109 in-patients affected by various gastrointestinal disorders using the 1 g [14C]-xylose breath test; 18 healthy subjects acted as a control group: none of them showed abnormal results (100% specificity). "
9.	Urea (Carbamide)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1974 - "A study of urea and albumin metabolism was carried out in a patient with the stagnant loop syndrome and in a control subject using radioisotopic and stable isotopic techniques. " 11/01/1974 - "Utilization of urea nitrogen for albumin synthesis in the stagnant loop syndrome."
10.	CholesterolIBA 07/15/1971 - "[Studies on bile acid metabolism in the blind-loop syndrome using 4- 14 C cholesterol]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cholecystectomy 01/01/2011 - "[Efficacy of rifaximine in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome in patients after cholecystectomy]."
2.	Jejunoileal Bypass 06/01/1998 - "However, bilio-intestinal bypass (BIB) is intended to avoid the blind loop syndrome. " 05/01/1982 - "Blind loop syndrome following iatrogenic intestinal bypass in a child." 03/01/1988 - "Jejunoileal bypass procedures for morbid obesity have been associated with numerous side effects, due mainly to the blind-loop syndrome. " 05/01/2013 - "Although bowel bypass syndrome, also called blind loop syndrome, is a well-recognized complication of jejunoileal bypass, the same syndrome was recognized in patients who had not had intestinal bypass surgery, and the term the 'bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome' (BADAS) was coined. "
3.	Ileostomy 10/01/1977 - "Stagnant loop syndrome in patients with continent ileostomy (intra-abdominal ileal reservoir)." 05/01/1978 - "Indications for ileostomy were three episodes of blind loop syndrome and three episodes of severe bleeding from the ileotransverse colostomy anastomotic site. " 05/01/1978 - "Beneficial effects of the ileostomy include: (1) better sense of well being; (2) no further episodes of blind loop syndrome or intestinal bleeding; and (3) cessation of anal itching. "
4.	Enzyme Replacement Therapy 09/01/2012 - "Existence of secondary enteritis and bacterial overgrowth syndrome validates lack of enzyme replacement therapy efficacy in some chronic pancreatitis patients with pancreatic insufficiency. "
5.	Colonic Pouches (S Pouch) 10/01/1977 - "Stagnant loop syndrome in patients with continent ileostomy (intra-abdominal ileal reservoir)."